Methods And Standards For Testing Of Composite Materials

Test of laminatesTests of Sandwich ConstructionMonitoring of Composite ConstructionMethods and standards fortesting of composite materialsKarel DoubravaFaculty of Mechanical Engineering, CTU in PragueJanuary 11, 20161 / 32

Test of laminatesTests of Sandwich ConstructionMonitoring of Composite ConstructionContents123Test of laminatesMechanical testing of fiberMechanical properties test of matrixMechanical testing of laminaTests of Sandwich ConstructionTensile propertiesCompressive propertiesshearMonitoring of Composite ConstructionResistance strain gaugesOptical fiber – FBGDIC2 / 32

Test of laminatesTests of Sandwich ConstructionMonitoring of Composite ConstructionMechanical testing of fiberMechanical properties test of matrixMechanical testing of laminaMechanical testing of fiberASTM D 3379ASTM D 4018Fiber properties from test of UD laminateProperty (100%) Property 100Vf3 / 32

Test of laminatesTests of Sandwich ConstructionMonitoring of Composite ConstructionMechanical testing of fiberMechanical properties test of matrixMechanical testing of laminaMechanical properties test of matrixTension ASTM D 638tytttuFtum , Fm , Em , νm , εmCompressionASTM D 695cycuccFcum , Fm , Em , νm , εmShear ASTM E 143,ASTM D 5379sysFsum , Fm , Gm4 / 32

Test of laminatesTests of Sandwich ConstructionMonitoring of Composite ConstructionMechanical testing of fiberMechanical properties test of matrixMechanical testing of laminaMechanical testing of lamina andlaminateTension ASTM D 3039Compression ASTM D 3410, ASTM D 695Shear ASTM D 3518, ASTM D 5379, . . .Interlaminar shear ASTM D 23445 / 32

Test of laminatesTests of Sandwich ConstructionMonitoring of Composite ConstructionMechanical testing of fiberMechanical properties test of matrixMechanical testing of laminaTension properties ASTM D 3039Tensile strengthF tu P max /ATensile chord modulusof elasticityσ b σ aE1 ε1b εa1 ,11a. . . 0.1%, b. . . 0.3%2Poisson ratio ν ε ε16 / 32

Test of laminatesTests of Sandwich ConstructionMonitoring of Composite ConstructionMechanical testing of fiberMechanical properties test of matrixMechanical testing of laminaTensile Test Failure Code/ TypicalMode ASTM D 3039TypeCodeAreaAngledAInside gripCode Location CodeIBottomBedge Delam.DAt gripATopTGrip/tabG 1W from gripWLeftLLateralLGageGRightRMulti–modeMMultiple losiveXUnknownUUnknownUOtherO7 / 32

Test of laminatesTests of Sandwich ConstructionMonitoring of Composite ConstructionMechanical testing of fiberMechanical properties test of matrixMechanical testing of laminaCompression in–plane testsASTM D 695 (SACMA SRM-1)ASTM D 3410 ( Celanese, IITRI)ASTM D 54678 / 32

Test of laminatesTests of Sandwich ConstructionMonitoring of Composite ConstructionMechanical testing of fiberMechanical properties test of matrixMechanical testing of laminaCompression properties ASTM D 695Compressive strengthF cu P max /ACompressive modulusof elasticityE1 σ ε9 / 32

Test of laminatesTests of Sandwich ConstructionMonitoring of Composite ConstructionMechanical testing of fiberMechanical properties test of matrixMechanical testing of laminaCompression ASTM D 3410Procedure A – CelaneseProcedure B – IITRIhttp://www.wyomingtestfixtures.com10 / 32

Test of laminatesTests of Sandwich ConstructionMonitoring of Composite ConstructionMechanical testing of fiberMechanical properties test of matrixMechanical testing of laminaFailure Code ASTM D 3410TypeCodeAreaAngledAInside gripCode Location CodeIBottomBTBroomingBAt iple areasMRightREuler buclingETab sVKink �SplittingSTransverse shearTeXplosiveXOtherO11 / 32

Test of laminatesTests of Sandwich ConstructionMonitoring of Composite ConstructionMechanical testing of fiberMechanical properties test of matrixMechanical testing of laminaCompression ASTM D 54674PB of sandwichbeamF cu hP max lm a ȳ 2fhi2w hf (a ȳ )2 EEo ho ȳ 2E1 σ1b σ1a,εb1 εa1fa. . . 0.1%, b. . . 0.312 / 32

Test of laminatesTests of Sandwich ConstructionMonitoring of Composite ConstructionMechanical testing of fiberMechanical properties test of matrixMechanical testing of laminaFailure Code ASTM D 5467TypeCodeAreaCode Location CodeSkin to core DelaminationDAt load cylinderALeftLFilament fractureFGageGRightRtHrough–thicknessHMultiple areasMMiddleMLayer instabilityLOutside gageUVariousVUnknownUlocal WrinklingWVariousVMulti–modeMLUnknownUcore CrushingClong.–SplittingSTransverse shearTeXplosiveXOtherO13 / 32

Test of laminatesTests of Sandwich ConstructionMonitoring of Composite ConstructionMechanical testing of fiberMechanical properties test of matrixMechanical testing of laminaShear in–plane tests 45 tensile shear testRail Shear MethodV–Notched Beam MethodTube torsion test14 / 32

Test of laminatesTests of Sandwich ConstructionMonitoring of Composite ConstructionMechanical testing of fiberMechanical properties test of matrixMechanical testing of lamina 45 tensile shear testBS EN ISO 14,129, ASTM D 3518Ply 0.125 mm, 16 pliesσ11 σ2xx τxy , σ22 σ2xx τxy , τ12 τxy ,ε εε11 ε22 xx 2 yy , γ12 εxx εyyσxx2(εxx εyy ) baτ12 τ12Pmaxba , S12 2bhγ12 γ12G12 15 / 32

Test of laminatesTests of Sandwich ConstructionMonitoring of Composite ConstructionMechanical testing of fiberMechanical properties test of matrixMechanical testing of laminaTwo-rail shear test ASTM D 4255http://www.wyomingtestfixtures.comSxy P maxLh ,G12 τxy γxy P2Lh ε4516 / 32

Test of laminatesTests of Sandwich ConstructionMonitoring of Composite ConstructionMechanical testing of fiberMechanical properties test of matrixMechanical testing of laminaThree-rail shear test ASTM D 4255http://www.wyomingtestfixtures.comSxy P maxLh ,G12 τxy γxy P4Lh ε4517 / 32

Test of laminatesTests of Sandwich ConstructionMonitoring of Composite ConstructionMechanical testing of fiberMechanical properties test of matrixMechanical testing of laminaShear V-Not. Beam ASTM D 5379maxF u Pwh,Piτi wh ,γ ε45 ε 45 τG γ,18 / 32

Test of laminatesTests of Sandwich ConstructionMonitoring of Composite ConstructionMechanical testing of fiberMechanical properties test of matrixMechanical testing of laminaShear V-Not. Beam ASTM D 537919 / 32

Test of laminatesTests of Sandwich ConstructionMonitoring of Composite ConstructionMechanical testing of fiberMechanical properties test of matrixMechanical testing of laminaShear V-Not. Rail ASTM D 7078Fu Pmaxwh ,τi Piwh ,γ ε45 ε 45 G τ γ20 / 32

Test of laminatesTests of Sandwich ConstructionMonitoring of Composite ConstructionMechanical testing of fiberMechanical properties test of matrixMechanical testing of laminaShear V-Not. Rail ASTM D 707821 / 32

Test of laminatesTests of Sandwich ConstructionMonitoring of Composite ConstructionMechanical testing of fiberMechanical properties test of matrixMechanical testing of laminaTube torsion test ASTM D 54482TRo)π(Ro4 Ri4 τG12 γxyxy τxy (ε45 ε 45 )τxy 22 / 32

Test of laminatesTests of Sandwich ConstructionMonitoring of Composite ConstructionMechanical testing of fiberMechanical properties test of matrixMechanical testing of laminaShear of Short-Beam ASTM D 2344F sbs 0.75 Pmaxb h23 / 32

Test of laminatesTests of Sandwich ConstructionMonitoring of Composite ConstructionTensile propertiesCompressive propertiesshearSandwich ConstructionTensile properties ASTM C 297Compression ASTM C 364, ASTM C 365,ASTM D 7336Shear ASTM C 273, ASTM C 393Bending ASTM D 7249, ASTM D 645724 / 32

Test of laminatesTests of Sandwich ConstructionMonitoring of Composite ConstructionTensile propertiesCompressive propertiesshearTensile properties ASTM C 297Fzftu PmaxAMin. Cell Size(mm)Max. Cell Size(mm)Min Facing Area(mm2 )-362536250069562525 / 32

Test of laminatesTests of Sandwich ConstructionMonitoring of Composite ConstructionTensile propertiesCompressive propertiesshearCompr. Edgewise ASTM C 364Failure TypeCodeAreaCode Location CodeFacesheet compressionFAt endATopTfacesheet delam. BucklingBGageGBottomBhoneycomb facesheet DimplingDVariousVMiddleMcore CompressionCUnknownUcore ShearSMulti modeMoveral Panel bucklingPeXplosiveXOtherOVariousVUnknownU26 / 32

Test of laminatesTests of Sandwich ConstructionMonitoring of Composite ConstructionTensile propertiesCompressive propertiesshearFlatwise Compr. ASTM C 365Fzfcu PAmax0.003 P0.001 )·tEzfc (P(δ0.003 δ0.001 )·AMin. Cell Size(mm)Max. Cell Size(mm)Min Facing Area(mm2 )-362536250069562527 / 32

Test of laminatesTests of Sandwich ConstructionMonitoring of Composite ConstructionTensile propertiesCompressive propertiesshearShear of Core ASTM C 273P, γ ut ,τ LbG ( P/ u)tLbFailure TypeCodeAreaCodeLocationcore ShearSAt endATopCodeTInterface failureIGageGBottomBeXplosiveXone CornerCMiddleMOtherOVariousVEntire lengthEUnknownUVariousVUnknownU28 / 32

Test of laminatesTests of Sandwich ConstructionMonitoring of Composite ConstructionResistance strain gaugesOptical fiber – FBGDICResistance strain gaugesGrid size2Self-heating P U · I UR R 350ΩTemperature compensation – half bridgeSurface preparing2 components adhesive29 / 32

Test of laminatesTests of Sandwich ConstructionMonitoring of Composite ConstructionResistance strain gaugesOptical fiber – FBGDICFiber Bragg Grating (FBG) Sensors λλ0 (1 pe ) · ε(αLamda αn ) · Thttp://www.ni.com30 / 32

Test of laminatesTests of Sandwich ConstructionMonitoring of Composite ConstructionResistance strain gaugesOptical fiber – FBGDICDIChttp://www.dantecdynamics.com/31 / 32

Test of laminatesTests of Sandwich ConstructionMonitoring of Composite ConstructionResistance strain gaugesOptical fiber – FBGDICReferencesMallick, P. K.: Composites Engineering Handbook, CRC Press, 1997, ISBN0824793048Hodgkinson, J.M.:Mechanical testing of advenced fibre composites, WoodheadPublishing 2000, ISBN 1855733129Carlsson, L.A., Adams, D.F., Pipes, R.B.:Experimental Characterization ofAdvanced Composite Materials, Third Edition, CRC Press, 2002 ,ISBN1587161001COMPOSITE MATERIALS HANDBOOK – VOLUME 1Polymer MatrixComposites, Guidelines for Characterization of Structural MaterialsMIL-HDBK-17, US Army Research Laboratory, 2002, Fort Belvoir32 / 32

ASTM D 3379 ASTM D 4018 Fiber properties from test of UD laminate Property (100%) Property 100 V f 3/32. Test of laminates Tests of Sandwich Construction Monitoring of Composite Construction Mechanical testing of fiber Mechanical properties test of matrix Mechanical testing of lamina Mechanical properties test of matrix TensionASTM D 638 F tu m, F ty m, E t m, t m, "m Compression ASTM D 695 .