ISIC Revision 4 - United Nations
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ST/ESA/STAT/SER.M/4/Rev.4Department of Economic and Social AffairsStatistics DivisionStatistical papersSeries M No. 4/Rev.4InternationalStandard IndustrialClassification of AllEconomic ActivitiesRevision 4asdfUnited NationsNew York, 2008
Department of Economic and Social AffairsThe Department of Economic and Social Affairs of the United Nations Secretariat isa vital interface between global policies in the economic, social and environmentalspheres and national action. The Department works in three main interlinked areas:(i) it compiles, generates and analyses a wide range of economic, social and environmental data and information on which States Members of the United Nations drawto review common problems and to take stock of policy options; (ii) it facilitates thenegotiations of Member States in many intergovernmental bodies on joint courses ofaction to address ongoing or emerging global challenges; and (iii) it advises interestedGovernments on the ways and means of translating policy frameworks developed inUnited Nations conferences and summits into programmes at the country level and,through technical assistance, helps build national capacities.NoteThe designations used and the presentation of material in this publication do notimply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of theUnited Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area, or ofits authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries.The term “country” as used in this publication also refers, as appropriate, to territories or areas.The designations “developed regions” and “developing regions” are intendedfor statistical convenience and do not necessarily express a judgment about the stagereached by a particular country or area in the development process.Symbols of United Nations documents are composed of capital letters combinedwith figures. Mention of such a symbol indicates a reference to a United Nations document.ST/ESA/STAT/SER.M/4/Rev.4UNITED NATIONS PUBLICATIONSales No. E.08.XVII.25ISBN: 978-92-1-161518-0Copyright United Nations, 2008All rights reservedPrinted in United Nations, New York
iiiPrefaceThe International Standard Industrial Classification of All Economic Activities (ISIC)is the international reference classification of productive activities. Its main purpose isto provide a set of activity categories that can be utilized for the collection and reporting of statistics according to such activities.Since the adoption of the original version of ISIC in 1948, the majority of countries around the world have used ISIC as their national activity classification or havedeveloped national classifications derived from ISIC. ISIC has therefore providedguidance to countries in developing national activity classifications and has becomean important tool for comparing statistical data on economic activities at the international level. Wide use has been made of ISIC, both nationally and internationally, inclassifying data according to kind of economic activity in the fields of economic andsocial statistics, such as for statistics on national accounts, demography of enterprises,employment and others. In addition, ISIC is increasingly used for non-statistical purposes.This fourth revision of ISIC (ISIC, Rev.4) is the outcome of a review process thatspanned several years and involved contributions from many classifications expertsand users around the world. This process resulted in an ISIC structure that is moredetailed than the previous version, responding to the need to identify many newindustries separately. This is especially applicable in the case of services. Moreover,the relevance of the Classification has been enhanced with the introduction of newhigh-level categories to better reflect current economic phenomena. A new sectionentitled “Information and communication” (see part three, sect. J) is one such innovation. Comparability has also been enhanced with a number of other regional activityclassifications, thus making this version of ISIC a much improved tool for international data comparison.A number of alternate aggregations have been included in the present publication. They provide analytical tools for areas which, for conceptual reasons, do notlend themselves to aggregation within the existing ISIC structure. Among the alternateaggregations included in this version of ISIC are aggregations for information andcommunications technology, the informal sector and non-profit institutions, as wellas two aggregations for national accounts-type analysis, one at very aggregated andanother at an intermediate level of ISIC.The structure of the fourth revision of ISIC was considered and approved by theStatistical Commission at its thirty-seventh session, in March 2006,1 as the internationally accepted standard. It now replaces the third revision of the classification2 andits update, Revision 3.1,3 which have been in use since 1989 and 2002, respectively.123See Official Records of theEconomic and Social Council, 2002,Supplement No.4 (E/2006/24),chap. I, para. 3, item 37/105 (a).Statistical Papers, No.4, Rev.3(United Nations publication,Sales No. E.90.XVII.11).Statistical Papers, No.4, Rev.3.1(United Nations publication,Sales No. E.03.XVII.4).
vContentsPagePreface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .iiiHistorical background . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .ixAcknowledgements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .xiiSupport for ISIC users . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .xiiiAcronyms and abbreviations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .xivPart oneIntroductionChapterParagraphsPageI.Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1–213II.The underlying principles of the classification . . . . . . . . . . . .22–547A. Purpose and nature of the classification . . . . . . . . . . . . .22–37722–2771.General considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2.Scope of the classification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .28–2983.Differences from other types of classifications . . . . . . .30–379Principles used in constructing the classification . . . . . . . .38–4510C. Structure and coding system of the classification . . . . . . . .46–5411Application of the classification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .55–15713A. Principal, secondary and ancillary activities . . . . . . . . . . .55–631364–10214General remarks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .64–7514(a)Legal entities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .71–7215B.III.B.Statistical units . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1.2.3.(b) Institutional units . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .73–7515Statistical units in the System of National Accounts . . . .76–8316(a)Enterprise . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .77–7916(b)Establishment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .80–8316Other statistical units . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .84–89178517(a)C.Kind-of-activity unit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(b)Local unit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .86–8717(c)Unit of homogeneous production . . . . . . . . . . .88–89174.Delineating statistical units . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .90–99185.National differences in selecting statistical units . . . . . . 100–10219Classification of statistical units . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103–154201.General guidelines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103–11220(a)Value-added substitutes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107–10920(b)Problems with output substitutes . . . . . . . . . . .110–11121(c)Problems with input substitutes . . . . . . . . . . . .11221
viInternational Standard Industrial Classification of All Economic Activities (ISIC), Revision 4Paragraphs2.Treatment of mixed activities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113–131(a) Treatment of independent multiple activities . . . . . 115–116(b) Treatment of vertical integration . . . . . . . . . . . . 117–119(c) Treatment of horizontal integration . . . . . . . . . . 120–122(d) The “top-down” method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123–131Box 1. Example: Identifying the principal activity of areporting unit using the top-down method . . . . . . . .Box 2. Example: Identifying the principal activity of areporting unit using the top-down method withinwholesale and retail trade . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3. E-commerce . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4. Repair and maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5. Outsourcing / activities on a fee or contract basis . . . . .(a) Classification of the contractor . . . . . . . . . . . . .(b) Classification of the principal . . . . . . . . . . . . .6. Government activities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7. Classification of enterprises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8. Classification of households . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9. Changes in the classification of units . . . . . . . . . . . . 313131D. Capturing information about the activity of units and codingit according to ISIC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155–15732Other topics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .158–19833Use of ISIC in establishing related national classifications . . . 158–1691. Aggregation and disaggregation of ISIC . . . . . . . . . . . 162–1672. Level of international comparability . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168–169333334B. Use of different levels of the classification for the presentationof statistics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170–17135ChapterIV.A.C. Relationship with other classifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1. General remarks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2. Relationship with product classifications: CPC, HSand SITC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3. Other derived and related activity classifications . . . . . .(a) Derived classifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(b) Related classifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4. Relationship of other international classifications withISIC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18436363737185–19238Indexes to the classification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193–19439E. Correspondence tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195–19740F. Alternative aggregations for ISIC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .40D.198
ContentsParagraphsPagePart twoBroad and detailed structureChapterI.Broad structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .43II.Detailed structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .45Part threeDetailed structure and explanatory notesSectionA. Agriculture, forestry and fishing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .65B. Mining and quarrying . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .79C. Manufacturing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .85D. Electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning supply . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .165E. Water supply; sewerage, waste management and remediation activities . . .167F.Construction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .172G. Wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles . . . . .179H. Transportation and storage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .194I.Accommodation and food service activities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .202J.Information and communication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .205K. Financial and insurance activities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .216L. Real estate activities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .222M. Professional, scientific and technical activities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .223N. Administrative and support service activities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .232O. Public administration and defence; compulsory social security . . . . . . . .243P.Education . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .247Q. Human health and social work activities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .252R. Arts, entertainment and recreation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .257S.Other service activities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .262T.Activities of households as employers; undifferentiated goods- andservices-producing activities of households for own use . . . . . . . . . . . .269U. Activities of extraterritorial organizations and bodies . . . . . . . . . . . . .270Part fourAlternative aggregationsOverview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .199–202273A.Two alternative aggregations for SNA data reporting . . . . . . . . . 203–2161. High-level SNA/ISIC aggregation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204–2082. Intermediate-level SNA/ISIC aggregation . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209–216274274275B.Alternative aggregation for the information economy . . . . . . . . . 217–2221. ICT sector definition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 218–2202. Content and media sector definition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 221–222277277279vii
viiiInternational Standard Industrial Classification of All Economic Activities (ISIC), Revision 4ParagraphsPageC. Alternative aggregation for data reporting on the informalsector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .223–232279D. Alternative aggregation for data reporting on the non-profitinstitutions sector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .233–237282I.Methodological changes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 238–243289II.Structural changes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 244–260289Part fiveChanges in ISIC, Rev.4
ixHistorical backgroundThe original version of the International Standard Industrial Classification of All Economic Activities (ISIC)4 was adopted in 1948. In that connection, the Economic andSocial Council adopted resolution 149 A (VII) of 27 August 1948, which read:“The Economic and Social Council,“Taking note of the recommendation of the Statistical Commission regarding the need for international comparability of economic statistics, and,“Taking note of the International Standard Industrial Classification of AllEconomic Activities which the Statistical Commission has developed with theadvice and assistance of Member Governments,“Recommends that all Member Governments make use of the InternationalStandard Industrial Classification of Economic Activities either by:“(a) Adopting this system of classification as a national standard, or“(b) Rearranging their statistical data in accordance with this system forpurposes of international comparability”.Wide use has been made of ISIC both nationally and internationally in classifying data according to kind of economic activity in the fields of economic statistics,such as for production or national income, employment, population and others. Anumber of countries have utilized ISIC as the basis for developing their national industrial classifications. Substantial comparability has been attained between the industrialclassifications of many other countries and ISIC by ensuring, as far as practicable, thatthe categories at detailed levels of national classifications fitted into only one categoryof ISIC. An increasing number of countries have adapted their national activity classifications or can provide statistical series according to ISIC. The United Nations, theUnited Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO), the InternationalLabour Organization (ILO), the Food and Agriculture Organization of the UnitedNations (FAO), the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization(UNESCO) and other international bodies use ISIC when publishing and analysingstatistical data.Experience in the use of ISIC has revealed the need for periodic review of thestructure and definition of its categories and underlying principles. Changes take placein the organization of economic activities and new types of economic activities becomeimportant, while new analytical requirements develop for data classified according tokind of economic activity. Over the decades, continuing experience in the use of ISICand the corresponding national classifications reveal aspects that should be amplified, clarified or improved in other ways. For these reasons, the Statistical Commissioninitiated reviews and revisions of ISIC in 1956, 1965, 1979 and again in 2000. Whilecontinuity, i.e., comparability between the revised and preceding versions of ISIC, hasalways been a major concern expressed by the Commission, the accumulating changesin the economic structure and production patterns around the world require a carefulbalancing of continuity with the need for relevance of ISIC and its comparability withother existing industry classifications.4Statistical Papers, No. 4, LakeSuccess, New York, 31 October1949.
x5678International Standard Industrial Classification of All Economic Activities (ISIC), Revision 4International Standard IndustrialClassification of All EconomicActivities, Statistical Papers,Series M, No. 4, Rev.1 UnitedNations publication, SalesNo. E.58.XVII.International Standard IndustrialClassification of All EconomicActivities, Statistical Papers,Series M, No. 4, Rev.2 (UnitedNations publication, SalesNo. E.68.XVII.8).I
International Standard Industrial Classification of All Economic Activities Revision 4 United Nations New York, 2008 . N. Administrative and support service activities . . 244–260 289 Paragraphs Page. ix Historical background The original version of the Inter
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