The Subtle Art Of Bifacial Performance Modeling
The Subtle Art of BifacialPerformance ModelingSilvana Ayala Peláez, Chris Deline, Bill Marion,Matthew Muller, Joshua S. Stein, Cameron Stark2019 12th PV Performance Modeling and Monitoring WorkshopAlbuquerque, New MexicoMay 14-16, 2019Silvana.Ayala@nrel.govNREL 1
Bifacial performance modelingThe PV industry isset for rapid uptakeof bifacial PV if keybarriers areeliminated accurate performance models, standards around the rating of bifacial modules, and accurate assessment of site albedo.NREL 2
View Factor Model for Rear expensiveCommonSimpleBehindbasicSAM, Pvsyst, and others geometryNREL 3
NREL ModelsPublished Comparison of ModelsWith Validation data: OPENSource Bifacial vf: https://github.com/NREL/bifacialvf Implemented in SAM:S. Ayala Pelaez, C. Deline, S. MacAlpine, B. Marion, J.Stein, R. Kostuk, "Comparison of bifacial solar irradiancemodel predictions with field validation" IEEE Journal ofPhotovoltaics, 2019, vol 9 no. 1, pp. 82-88.N. DiOrio, C. Deline, “Bifacial simulation in SAM”, presented at 5th BifiPV in Denver, CO 2018.NREL 4
Rear Irradiance Modelingthrough bifacial radianceNREL 5
Bifacial Radiance Model for Rear IrradianceComplicated geometries possible, including racking and terrain.Radiance uses backward ray-trace to evaluate the irradiance (W/m2) at the modulesNREL 6 6
Bifacial Radiance Model for Rear IrradianceOpen Source!Bifacial radiance is a python wrapper for calling and using Radiance, with specificfunctions to generate geometry (text files) related to bifacial pv systemsNREL 7
New GUI! v3https://github.com/NREL/bifacial radianceNREL 8
New GUI: featuresNREL 9
New GUI: featuresNREL 10
New GUI: featuresNREL 11
New GUI: featuresRobinson, Stone “Irradiation modelling made simple: the cumulative sky approach” 2004HourlyCumulativeCumulative TrackingS. Ayala Pelaez, C. Deline, P. Greenberg, J. S. Stein, and R. K. Kostuk, “Model andValidation of Single-Axis Tracking with Bifacial PV - Preprint,” IEEE Journal ofNREL 12Photovoltaics, 2019, vol 9 no. 3, pp. 715-721.
High PerformanceComputing IntegrationYearly hourly simulations take4 days on a PC,HPC RUNS in 1 Minute!NREL 13
Non-GUI FeaturesBifacial radiance V3NREL 14
Multiple SceneObjectsSecond set of Panels“sceneObj2”1 row, five 2-UP modulesSet of Panels 1:“sceneObj1”2 rows of 5 modulesin landscapeOrigin Marker (0,0)NREL 15
Canopies and CarportsNREL 16
Canopies and CarportsNREL 17
Canopies and Carportsa0.0.a3a0.0.a2a0.0.a1a0.0.a0Module 1ScanningNREL 18
Roofs, Cars, andDifferent albedo sectionsA wildwhite car appears!NREL 19
Tracking and Torque tubeHourly-yearly simulations(a teaser)NREL 20
Varying torquetubeshapeVarying zgapVarying ygapNREL 21
Varying torquetubereflectivity 𝑁𝑁𝑛𝑛 0 𝐺𝐺𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟 (𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛 ��𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 𝑁𝑁 𝑛𝑛 0 𝐺𝐺𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟 (𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤 𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡)NREL 22
Varying torquetubereflectivity 𝑁𝑁𝑛𝑛 0 𝐺𝐺𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟 (𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛 ��𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 𝑁𝑁 𝑛𝑛 0 𝐺𝐺𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟 (𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤 𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡)NREL 23
Torque tube NREL 24solar-tracker-value-we-are-about-to-find-out/
Varying torquetubereflectivitySunny day9 am10 am2 pmNREL 25
Varying torquetubereflectivityCloudy day9 am10 am2 pmNREL 26
Shading to Electrical MismatchBifacial radiance Analysis moduleties to PVMismatchOpenSource!: https://github.com/SunPower/PVMismatchNREL 27
Electrical Mismatch ModelBifacial total irradianceBifacial mismatch loss calculationMismatch loss M[%] for indoor IV shading tests Front rear irradiance distributiondepends on the mounting and siteconditions. Irradiance mismatch causes additional lossrelative to uniform assumption Empirical model provides good fit basedon st.dev (𝜎𝜎) or MAD (𝛥𝛥) of Isc𝑀𝑀 %𝑀𝑀 3 e1.067 1.82 ln𝜎𝜎[% ) 0.12 𝛥𝛥 % 2.77 𝛥𝛥 % EU-PVSEC Oral Paper Accepted2C. Deline, S. Ayala Pelaez, S. MacAlpine, C. Olalla, C. “Bifacial PVMismatch Loss and Parameterization”. EUPVSEC 2019 NREL 28
Bifacial field, 75 kW 5 technologiesNREL 29
ElectricalMismatchModelValidationElectrical Mismatch – Field data Custom modules to measure shading loss of Torque Tube Strung cross-wise with multiple junction boxes for sub-module IscmeasurementNREL 30
May14Jun16-20Look for more12th. PVPMC (Albuquerque) New GUI Release Subtleties of modeling bifacial modules.46th IEEE PVSC (Chicago) Conference plenary talk, Workshop: Overview ofbifacial PV status, Oral Session: shading effects on bifacial trackers.Sep1236th EU PVSEC (Marseille) Oral Session: electrical mismatch and shading. Progress in Photovoltaic journal?Sep176th Bifi PV Workshop (Amsterdam) Oral Session: NREL bifacial field measurements ofelectrical mismatch and shading. Oral Session: Albedo updates.NREL 31
Conclusions Complete overhaul of internal geometry creation. Improved scanning functions. Cell level module creation enabled. Many customization options of the geometry in response to identified needs of industryand research. Appending of terrain, structures and things made easier. (currently) Streamlining functions and input parameters for seamlessinteraction with GUI, HPC and regular use. Analysis functions, tying with PVMismatch. Ongoing work to calculate and relate shading loss and electrical mismatch. Doing validation with real systems (need more! E-mail us for collaborations) Need beta-testers for GUI and software. Jupyter journals, youtube videos andsupport available NREL 32
Thank 74009A portion of the research was performed using computational resources sponsored by the Department ofEnergy's Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy and located at the National Renewable EnergyLaboratory.This work was authored in part by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory, operated by Alliance forSustainable Energy, LLC, for the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) under Contract No. DE-AC36-08GO28308.Funding provided by the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy SolarEnergy Technologies Office. The views expressed in the article do not necessarily represent the views of the DOEor the U.S. Government. The U.S. Government retains and the publisher, by accepting the article for publication,acknowledges that the U.S. Government retains a nonexclusive, paid-up, irrevocable, worldwide license topublish or reproduce the published form of this work, or allow others to do so, for U.S. Government purposes.NREL 33
Albedo databaseAssess system performanceimpact from rear irradianceshading and electrical mismatchSingle-axis tracking model201820192017Standards for bifacial ratingComparison of modelsand validation withtest-bed dataFramework tocalculate bifacial gainwith field dataNREL 34
The Subtle Art of Bifacial Performance Modeling. Silvana Ayala Pel. áez, Chris Deline, Bill Marion, Matthew Muller, Joshua S. Stein, Cameron Stark. 2019 12th PV Performance Modeling and Monitoring Workshop Albuquerque, New Mexico.
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Module electronics / monitoring. String kWh. DC. monitoring. Front, rear POA irradiance. Bifacial system configuration Front POA Rear POA. . 6% Nominal Discount Rate. Single Owner and Unlevered Pro Forma with 30% ITC. Monofacial LCOE. PERC Bifacial. SHJ Bifacial. Seattle, WA. Kansas City, MO. Miami, FL.
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