How Did Westward Expansion Impact Native Americans?

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MAIN IDEA: Native American life changeddramatically as a result of westward expansionHow did Westward Expansion impact NativeAmericans?1.Forced to move to reservations andGovernment breaks treaties2.Lifestyle changes because of forcedassimilation3.Killing the buffalo

1. Forced to move to reservations Settlers felt justified in taking Native Americansland because they felt they were making the landmore productive. Treaties forced millionsof Native Americansonto reservations Reservation: smallpiece of governmentland set aside forNative Americans

Government Breaks Treaties After tribes made treaties that relocated them toreservations, the US government and settlersfrequently broke these treaties and took even moreland from Native AmericansClick to play video

2. Killing of the Buffalo Deliberate reduction of buffalo herds toforce them to move off their huntinggrounds to reservations.

3. Forced AssimilationAssimilation: to blend into another culture, to acceptthat culture as one’s own. Efforts to get Native Americans to become settled farmers– settlers wanted the land to be used more “productively”. Dawes Act – Reservation land was divided into 160 acreplots and given to individual families to farm for a profit. Missionaries attempted to convert Native Americans toChristianity. Indian Boarding Schools – Children were sent to schools tofocus on skills such as carpentry and housekeeping. Native Americans were not considered citizens until 1924

Assimilation

How did Native Americans respond toWestward Settlement? American Indians previously occupied the westand viewed settlers as invaders. Many heroic American Indians madecourageous efforts to save their people.

Battle of Little Bighorn Gold was discovered on theSioux Reservation in SouthDakota. Many Sioux (Lakota), includingSitting Bull and Crazy Horse,refused to go to a reservationto Montana. General George Custer and U.S.troops were sent to drive theNative Americans back to theirreservation. They met 2,000 warriors(largest Indian force evergathered in the Plains) Custer was killed

Massacre at Wounded Knee After Col. Custer wasdefeated at Little Bighorn,U.S. Army was sent in Sitting Bull was killedalong with 120 men, 230women and children at acreek call Wounded Knee Massacre at Wounded Kneewas the last major episodeof violence in NativeAmerican warsClick to play video

Chief Joseph, Nez Percé Nez Percé were forced onto areservation in Idaho Chief Joseph led a group of750 Native Americans out ofIdaho and escaped towardCanada. US troops were ordered tobring Native Americans backto the reservation. Chief Joseph and other werecaught and surrendered atBear’s Paw Mountain.

Chief Joseph, Nez Percé“Here me, my chiefs. I amtired. My heart is sick andsad. From where the sunnow stands I will fight nomore forever. “- Chief Joseph

Geronimo and Apache Raids Geronimo, leader of the Apache Native Americans inSouthwest U.S. Geronimo fought against Mexico and the United States Geronimo, a tribal leader, in theSouthwest region. Geronimo fought against Mexicoand the United States settlers. Apache believed he had specialpowers - walk without leavingtracks After many battles, Apache wereforced to surrender to U.S. in1886 in Arizona. His name is a synonym forbravery.

land because they felt they were making the land more . productive. Treaties forced millions of Native Americans onto . reservations Reservation: small piece of . government land. set aside for Native Americans. Gover

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