Dance Of Earth And Moon - Utah Education Network

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Science Benchmark: 03 : 01Earth orbits around the sun, and the moon orbits around Earth. Earth is spherical in shape androtates on its axis to produce the night and day cycle. To people on Earth, this turning of the planet makesit appear as though the sun, moon, planets, and stars are moving across the sky once a day. However, thisis only a perception as viewed from Earth.Standard I:Students will understand that the shape of Earth and the moon are spherical and that Earth rotateson its axis to produce the appearance of the sun and moon moving through the sky.STUDENT BACKGROUND INFORMATIONDance of Earth and MoonThink of a time when you werecamping or boating or just out atnight looking at the sky. Suddenly,you see a very bright, round objectrise in the sky from behind a mountain. This round object not onlylights up the night sky, but it makesthings seem brighter around you.This object is brighter than the starsbut not as bright as the sun. What is it? Of course, it is the moon.When viewed from Earth the moon looks like it isglowing. The moon doesn't make its own light. So,what makes it shine in the sky? As the sun’s lightshines on the moon, the light bounces off the moon’ssurface to our eyes. Earth does the same thing. Ifyou were on the moon looking at Earth, you wouldsee the sun’s light bounce off Earth. In fact, lightbounces off all the planets and moons in our solarsystem. That’s how we know they are there.moon - a natural, rocky object that goes around a planetGradeBenchmarkStandardPage0303 : 01018.1.1

Do you think that Earth and the moon have the same appearance, as seen fromspace, or do you think they look different? What does Earth look like from space?You can see the land, the water, and the clouds that surround it in the air. Since Earthhas more water than land, it looks blue. You can also see the thin layer of air that isaround Earth. What do you think the moon looks like from space? You can see thatthe moon has hundreds of shallow holes on it made by rocks which fell from space.You can also see mountains made fromvolcanoes and dark patches made by thelava. Because the moon has no water or air,it looks light gray from space. How do Earthand the moon look the same? If you guessedthat they are both spheres, you are correct.The moon is much smaller than Earth. Earthappears to be about four times larger than themoon.Moon and EarthAnother object we see in our sky each day is the sun. We could not livewithout it. Each day we see the sun rise at the beginning of the day and set at thebeginning of the night. However, the sun always stays in the same place. Have youever wondered why the sun seems to be moving in the sky? Have you ever wonderedwhy we have night and day? Look at the picture of Earth on the next page. SinceEarth is round, sunlight can only shine on half of Earth at one time. Earth doesn’tstay still. Earth rotates or spins around on an axis. This rotation brings the sun intoour view in the morning; we call this a sunrise. As Earth continues to rotate, the sunseems to move across the sky. Finally, the rotation of Earth takes the sun out of ourview in the evening; we call this a sunset. In a few hours as Earth continues to rotatethe sun will seem to come up again. The time it takes Earth to make a full rotation is24 hours or one day.appearance - the way something looksaxis - an imaginary line that goes through the center of a planetrotatation - the spinning of an object (planet) around its own axissphere - round like a ball8.1.2

Rotation ofEarthThe rotation of Earth brings the sun in and out of view. When the sun is out ofview and it is dark, what do you see in the sky? Yes! Stars appear in the night sky.Have you ever watched those stars closely at night for a couple of hours? If you have,you probably noticed that they seem to be moving across the sky. Many stars go in andout of view like the sun. What do you think is happening? It is the rotation of Earththat makes them seem to appear to be moving across the sky.As Earth rotates, causing night and day,it also takes a long journey around the sun.This yearly journey is called a revolution.This revolution takes 365 days, or oneyear. Earth follows an orbit on this journeyaround the sun.We can understand these ideas of rotation and revolution better by using a globeof Earth as a model. Put a lamp with itsshade off in the middle of a room. Turn onthe lamp light. Hold the globe in the airabout ten feet away from the lamp. Spin it.Earth's revolutionaround the Sun.This represents Earth rotating on its axis.What do you notice about the light on theglobe? As the globe spins, the light shines on different parts of the globe while otherparts are dark. This model shows how we get night and day from the rotation of Earth.Remember, Earth rotates on its axis once every 24 hours to produce the night and daycycle.model - a small-sized copy of somethingorbit - the path an object in space follows as it revolves around another objectrevolution - an object in space makes one complete circle around another object inspace8.1.3

Our model can also show Earth's revolution around the sun. With the globe inhand, walk around the lamp in a circle, and stop where you started. This representsEarth's revolution around the sun. It takes Earth about 365 days to go around the sun.If you were to continue to walk around the lamp in the exact path, this would represent Earth's orbit.Using the same model, hold a star behind the globe about twenty feet awayfrom the globe. Now, spin the globe. If we were on the globe, when would we beable to see the star? What does the star seem to be doing as Earth rotates? As theglobe spins, the star seems to move across the night sky.Let's find out more about the moon. Possibly you have noticed that sometimesthe moon is up during daylight hours. Sometimes it is up during nighttime hours.This is because the moon doesn't stay in the same place in space like the sun does.The moon moves around Earth in an orbit just as Earth moves around the sun. Whenthe moon has made one complete circle around Earth, it too, has made one full revolution. This revolution takes about twenty-eight days for the moon to orbit Earth.EarthSunmoon8.1.4

As Earth rotates on its axis, the moon goes in and out of our view each day justlike the sun and stars do. Therefore, the moon seems to rise, move across the sky, andset. Because the moon orbits Earth, it makes its own schedule when it appears anddisappears from our view each day. Each day we see the moon, it has orbited aroundEarth a little more. This makes the moon come up a little later each day.Make a model of the moon orbiting Earth. With the lamp in the middle or theroom, have a student hold the globe, and have another student revolve slowly aroundthe globe with a small ball in hand representing the moon. Can you see how the moonseems to move across the sky after coming into view? As the student with the ball isrevolving around the globe, can you see how sometimes the moon can be seenduring the day and sometimes at night? When the ball returns to the same place itbegan, this represents a full revolution of the moon around Earth. Using a model canhelp us understand science.8.1.5

Science Language Students Need to Know and Use1. appearance: the way something looks2. axis: an imaginary line that goes through the center of a planet3. model: a small-sized copy of something4. moon: a natural, rocky object that goes around a planet5. orbit: the path an object in space follows as it revolves around another object6. revolution: one orbit of an object in space around another object in space7. rotation: the spinning of an object (planet) around its own axis8. sphere: round like a ball8.1.6

The moon moves around Earth in an orbit just as Earth moves around the sun. When the moon has made one complete circle around Earth, it too, has made one full revolu-tion. This revolution takes about twenty-eight days for the moon to orbit

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