City Of Raleigh Tree Manual - Arboricultural .
CITY TREE MANUALArboricultural Specifications & Standards of PracticeRaleigh, North CarolinaCompanion to MunicipalCode Part 9, Chapter 8.Trees and Vegetation
CITY TREE MANUALArboricultural Specifications and Standards of PracticeCompanion to Municipal CodePart 9, Chapter 8. Trees and VegetationCity Of RaleighParks, Recreation and Cultural ResourcesDepartmentUrban ForestryP.O. Box 590 Raleigh, NC 27602-0590www.raleighnc.gov20141 City Tree Manual March, 2015
TABLE OF CONTENTSPURPOSE OF THE CITY TREE & LANDSCAPE MANUAL3CONTACT INFORMATION4FAQ5FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONSCHAPTER 1 PERMITS AND PROCEDURES10CHAPTER 2 TREE PLANTING AND MAINTENANCE12Tree Quality StandardsTree Planting StandardsMaintenance and WarranteeTree Protection StandardsTree Details Appendix B1316222550CHAPTER 3 DEVELOPMENT & LANDSCAPE PLAN REQUIREMENTS26CHAPTER 4 ENFORCEMENT28CHAPTER 5 TREE PRUNING AND CLEARANCE STANDARDS32Clearance StandardsUtility Clearance StandardsCHAPTER 6 TREE REMOVAL POLICY2 City Tree Manual March, 2015343638APPENDICES41A DEFINITIONS42B TREE DETAILS AND SPECIFICATIONS FOR PLANS1. PRCR-01 TREE PROTECTION FENCE2. PRCR-02 TREE PROTECTION LAYOUT3. PRCR-03 TREE PLANTING4. PRCR-04 TRENCHING5. PRCR-05 PRUNING BOX FOR UTILITIES6. PRCR-06 TREE GRATE7. PRCR-07 URBAN TREE PIT4748495051525354C TREE PIT AND SUBSURFACE ROOT EXPANSION551. STRUCTURAL SOIL562. ROOT PATHWAYS603. SOIL CONTAINMENT AREA & SUSPENDED PAVEMENT 62D RECOMMENDED TREESE NUISANCE TREES AND INVASIVE SPECIESF TREE IMPACT PERMIT REQUESTG RALEIGH CITY CODE CH 8. TREES AND VEGETATION63646566
reduce energy costs, decrease wind velocities, provide erosioncontrol, conserve energy, reduce stormwater runoff, and act as filtersforPURPOSERaleigh is called ‘The City of Oaks.’ Let’s keep it that way.Mission StatementThe City of Raleigh Urban Forestry Division shall plant, manage, andprotect trees on city properties maximizing the environmental,economic and social benefits the urban forest provides whilemanaging risk through safe, purposeful and efficient work, effectivepermitting and oversight, and through cooperative partnerships.Purpose of the City Tree ManualThe City Tree Manual contains specific regulatory provisionsdeveloped by the Urban Forester pursuant to the City of RaleighMunicipal code Trees and Vegetation, Part 9 Chapter 8. The codeallows the Urban Forester to implement best management practicesas reflected in the professional tree care and landscape industry forthe planting, maintenance, removal, protection, pruning, andpreservation of trees on city owned or controlled property, as well asto enforce the provisions of the city code. Authority extends toprivate property in the event of the failure of a property owner toprevent private trees from encroaching onto public ground, nuisanceabatement and other cases as described in the code.The City of Raleigh acknowledges that trees provide environmental,aesthetic, social and economic benefits. Specifically, trees increaseproperty values, provide aesthetic value, provide shade and cooling,3 City Tree Manual March, 2015airborne pollutants, reduce noise, provide privacy, provide wildlifehabitat and food, sequester carbon and release oxygen. The urbanforest shall be prudently protected and managed to secure thesebenefits.The policies and standards contained in this document are subject tochange at the Urban Forester's discretion as advances in industry bestpractice and technology warrant. Review and approval shall beconducted by the Director of the Parks, Recreation and CulturalResources Department and the Parks, Recreation and GreenwayAdvisory Board.AcknowledgmentsParks, Recreation and Greenway Advisory BoardGreenway and Urban Tree CommitteeMike Suraski (Chair)Jay ChaudhuriThomas MooreScott RestonRodger KoopmanBecky Oxholm (Past Chair)Kimberly SiranCity StaffDiane Sauer, Director of Parks, Recreation and Cultural ResourcesDepartmentPrepared by Zach Manor, Urban Forester and
Sally T. Thigpen, Assistant Park SuperintendentReviewed and edited by Carolyn Bachl, Associate City AttorneyCONTACT INFORMATIONRELATED LINKSSubmit a service request using our Tree Request FormVISIT OUR WEBSITEwww.raleighnc.gov search ‘Tree’TREES ON CITY PROPERTYUrban ForesterParks, Recreation and Cultural Resources DepartmentP.O. Box 590 Raleigh, NC 27602919-996-4115Trees@raleighnc.govFOR PLAN REVIEW QUESTIONSDevelopment Services Customer Service CenterPlanning and Development DepartmentOne Exchange Plaza, Suite 400, Raleigh, NC 27601919-516-2495Tree Conservation Ordinance Questions(Private Property)Forestry SpecialistCity Of Raleigh Planning Department—Tree ConservationP.O. Box 590 Raleigh, NC 27602919-516-25524 City Tree Manual March, 2015www.raleighnc.gov search ‘Tree’For other departments x
FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONSA. General1. Who in the City is responsible for street, park and greenway3. What is City Owned or Controlled Property? What is the rightof way?trees?a. The Parks, Recreation and Cultural Resources DepartmentUrban Forestry Division has jurisdiction over all treesgrowing in the public right of way, including trees alongstreets, greenways, and in city parks.b. To request tree maintenance submit a Tree Request onlineat www.raleighnc.gov – search ‘Tree Request’. UrbanForestry staff will notify you with a timeline for action.2. Are there any rules or regulations governing street treesother than the City Tree Manual?a. Property owned or leased by the city; or for which the cityhas a vegetation easement or planting contract; or uponwhich the city has an easement or street, sidewalk,greenway, park, alley, utility or other public purpose. Alsocommonly referred to as the “right of way”.b. Citizens can identify the City’s right of way on theirproperty by locating their property iron or referencingtheir plat or survey, but generally, this is the propertylocated behind the water meter or sewer clean out ontheir property to the street.4. What is a boundary tree?a. Yes. Regulations are noted in this document in Chapter 1:Permits and Procedures.b. The Unified Development Ordinance requirement for newdevelopment is in Chapter 3: Development and LandscapePlan Requirements.c. Also see the municipal code Part 9, Chapter 8. Trees andVegetation.5 City Tree Manual March, 2015a. A tree which, when viewed in cross section at DBH(Diameter at Breast Height) has its trunk located on aproperty line between private property and publicproperty. A boundary tree is a city tree and all provisionsof this chapter shall apply including maintenance, removaland protection. See appendix A.
B. Maintenance and Service Requests for City Trees1. How do you manage and care for trees in the City of Raleigh?C. What Permit is Required for Work On or Near CityTrees?1. What are the criteria for tree removal?a. Raleigh’s team of arborists are responsible for maintainingcity trees, administering tree planting programs andvolunteer opportunities, urban forestry education andoutreach, hazard tree evaluation, response to citizenrequests, storm response, tree protection and newdevelopment permitting.2. How do I request tree pruning, dead tree, hazard tree orstump removal?a. To request tree maintenance submit a Tree Request onlineat http://www.raleighnc.gov – search ‘Tree Request’. TheUrban Forester will send an ISA Certified Arborist toevaluate the tree and notify you with a timeline for action,if deemed appropriate.3. What is an ISA Certified Arborist?a. A person who has successfully completed therequirements set by the Arborist Certification Board of theInternational Society of Arboriculture, and maintains goodstanding in this organization.4. I need to report overgrown shrubs and vegetationencroaching into the sidewalk, curb or street.a. Contact Housing and Environmental code enforcementand complete the online Code Enforcement Request Formor call 919-807-5110.6 City Tree Manual March, 2015a. A tree must be dead, dying, diseased, dangerous or be partof an approved development plan to be considered forremoval. Please submit a Tree Request online atwww.raleighnc.gov – search Tree Request. An ISACertified Arborist will evaluate the tree and providenotification.2. What permit is required?a. A Tree Impact Permit is required before any impacts toCity trees existing on the public right of way. This appliesto removal, pruning, trenching, boring, excavating, filling,planting and placing temporary fixtures on City property(Appendix F).b. A Tree Impact Permit Request is available athttp://www.raleighnc.gov search Tree Impact Permit.c. There is a fee associated with the Tree Impact Permit.3. Why does Urban Forestry require a permit for tree work?a. The Parks, Recreation and Cultural Resources Departmenthas jurisdiction over trees growing in the city right of wayincluding trees on streets, greenways, in city parks andother property owned or controlled by the city. Thepermit process allows the Urban Forester to reviewproposed work to ensure it follows the city code andcurrent best practice for tree planting, removal,maintenance, and protection.
b. The city is committed to protecting and preserving theurban forest because it provides numerous benefits. Treesincrease property values, reduce air and water pollution,reduce energy use, and improve human health and wellbeing.4. What happens if I don't get a permit or violate a permitcondition?a. Any person failing to obtain a permit are subject to feesand civil penalties as outlined in Chapter 4 of thisdocument and Part 9, Chapter 8 Section 9-8009 of the citycode.b. Violation of or deviation from any element of a permitshall be considered sufficient grounds for the suspensionor revocation of the entire permit as well as grounds forimmediate issuance of a Stop Work Order. Resumption ofwork shall be at the discretion of the Urban Forester.c. Violations may result in the payment to the City of anycosts incurred by the City, including but not limited to treereplacement cost, a fee in lieu of replacement andapplicable administrative fees per code Appendix (H).d. Tree replacement1. Violators shall replace the tree on a one to onediameter basis where replacement is required.e. Fee in lieu of tree replacement1. If the violator is unable to make a full replacementof a tree or trees as required by City Code and thismanual, a fee in lieu of 100 per diameter inchshall be assessed.7 City Tree Manual March, 2015D. How do I Plant a City Tree?1. What is NeighborWoods?a. NeighborWoods is a free tree program that partners withcitizens to plant trees in the street right of way.2. How can I have a NeighborWoods tree planted in front of myproperty?a. To request a street tree on city property complete theonline Tree Request form at www.raleighnc.gov – TreeRequest or call the Tree Planting Coordinator at 919-9964115. When a specific tree planting request is receivedthe Tree Planting Coordinator will assess the site andcontact you with further information. You can also applyfor a permit to plant the tree yourself (see # 5 below).3. Can I choose which species is planted in front of my house?a. The Tree Planting Coordinator will provide a suitable list oftrees for you to choose from. The available species areselected based on appropriate mature size for the site aswell as urban tolerance, disease resistance, form andaesthetics.4. Can I request to have an entire block planted with trees?a. Yes, to request a street tree on city property fill out theonline Tree Request at www.raleighnc.gov – Tree Request.5. How can I plant a city tree in the right of way?
a. To plant a tree yourself submit a Tree Impact Permitrequest online at www.raleighnc.gov – search Tree ImpactPermit. The planting site is evaluated by an arborist. Ifapproved a Tree Impact Permit with planting provisions isissued to plant and establish the tree at the applicant’sexpense.E. Development and Plan Review1. What is the process of obtaining a Tree Impact Permit fornew buildings and other development projects?4. What is the minimum requirement in cubic yards forsubsurface tree root space under the sidewalk?a. 600 cubic feet minimumb. Find the specifications in Appendix B and C5. Where can I find the tree installation and maintenancespecifications?a. Chapter 2 Tree Planting Policy and in Appendix BF. Sidewalksa. Apply online for a Tree Impact Permitb. See Chapter 3 Development Plan and LandscapeRequirements2. What is an urban tree pit and why is it required?a. The urban tree pit expands the tree root area beneath thesidewalk a minimum of 600 cubic feet for sustainablestreet trees.1. Providing these resources in the tree pit improvesthe health and vigor of the tree and reducesreplacement and maintenance costs. As a resultthe tree grows and provides more benefits in airand water quality, storm water mitigation, energyreduction and cooling.b. Find the specifications in Appendix B3. What are the recommended street tree species?a. See Appendix D8 City Tree Manual March, 20151. Am I responsible to repair the sidewalk in front of my houseif the city tree damages it?a. No, if your sidewalk is heaved by a city tree the city willmake the repair. Contact Public Works at 919-996-6446 orcomplete the online form.G. Tree Health1. How can I protect the tree in front of my house from gettingdamaged?a. Provide a maximum of 3” thick mulch ring around the tree(avoid piling around base) and avoid string trimmer ormower damage to the roots or trunk. Providesupplemental water during periods of drought or excessiveheat. Do not cut, drive over or park on roots. See Chapter2 Section F for maintenance requirements.2. What if I see someone harming a city tree?
a. Contact the Urban Forester immediately at 919-996-4115or Trees@raleighnc.gov. This is destruction of cityproperty and subject to penalties.3. The tree in front of my house just looks unhealthy. Whatshould I do?a. Submit a Tree Request online at www.raleighnc.gov –search Tree Request or call 919-996-4115. An ISA CertifiedArborist will evaluate the tree and notify you with atimeline for action.4. What do I do if I find insects in a tree (e.g. beetles,caterpillars, bees)?a. The city typically does not apply pesticides to city trees.b. Submit a Tree Request online at www.raleighnc.gov –search Tree Request. An ISA Certified Arborist willevaluate the tree.1. This is especially important for insects you have notseen before. There are several invasive pests thatthreaten our urban forests. Call for an evaluation.c. Certain insects have different life cycle stages that maycause them to be a nuisance for a brief period of time.They may have little to no long term effects on the overalltree health and longevity.d. Please note that it is illegal to kill honey bees.H. Trees and Existing Infrastructure9 City Tree Manual March, 20151. 811 Call Before You Diga. How do I locate underground utilities?1. Call 811 or visit http://nc811.org for free locatorservice2. My sewer is clogged or broken and I suspect that roots fromthe street tree in front of my house are the cause. Can I havethe tree removed?a. The City of Raleigh is responsible for breaks in water andsewer mains in the street, but the property owner isresponsible for breaks on private property. For breakscontact the Public Utilities Operations Division at 919-2502737. For more information contactpublicutilityinfo@raleighnc.gov or 919-996-4540.b. The Parks, Recreation and Cultural Resources Departmentdoes not give permission to remove healthy trees, even iftheir roots are growing into a sewer line on privateproperty. Tree roots may grow into a sewer line if there isalready a leak because they follow water availability. Thebest way to prevent this from occurring is to have yoursewer line repaired. Please be aware that removing a treeis prohibited without a permit.CHAPTER 1 PERMITS AND PROCEDURESA. Tree Impact PermitA. A Tree Impact Permit is required for activities impacting treesexisting on the city right of way and city owned or controlledproperty. This includes but is not limited to removal, pruning,
trenching, boring, excavating, filling, fertilizing, treating fordisease or insects, planting or attaching anything to a tree.B. The Tree Impact Permit fee is 100. The permit fee is waivedfor individual residential tree planting.C. Permits shall be issued by the Urban Forester or designee.Any work performed under this permit must be done in strictaccordance with the conditions of the permit, the provisionsof the City Code Part 9 Chapter 8: Trees and Vegetation andthe standards set forth in this document.D. For tree planting permits the applicant shall providedocumentation of approval from any applicable regulatoryagency. Examples include approved development plans,planting on State roads, sight distance hazards, conflict withlighting plans, overhead utility lines or other infrastructure.E. Denial of permit: If a Tree Impact Permit is denied, the UrbanForester shall provide a written denial to the applicant. See 98009 of code (Appendix G) for appeals process.F. Violating any provision of the permit shall be subject to theprovisions as described in Chapter 4 Enforcement and Section9-8011 Enforcement of the City of Raleigh code (Appendix G).B. Permit Applications1. Submit a Tree Impact Permit Request online atwww.raleighnc.gov – search Tree Impact Permit. Submit oneapplication for all city tree related activities.10 City Tree Manual March, 20152. Development and Landscape Plan Requirements aredescribed in Chapter 3.C. Municipal Code1. The municipal code Part 9, Chapter 8: Trees and Vegetation islocated in Appendix G.2. In cases where other sections of the city code conflict withPart 9, Ch. 8 Trees and Vegetation and the City Tree Manualthese documents take precedence.D. Appeals1. In the event any person is dissatisfied with a decision of theUrban Forester involving the application or interpretation ofthis document or the city code, such person may make awritten request to the Parks Superintendent for review withinten (10) days.2. If the Parks Superintendent further denies the permit, theapplicant may appeal the decision in writing to the Parks,Recreation and Cultural Resources Director within ten (10)days.3. Appeal of permit denial: The appeal shall include justificationfor the appeal and an independent report from an ISACertified Arborist to support the app
CHAPTER 2 TREE PLANTING AND MAINTENANCEThis chapter outlines the standards for planting and maintaining treeson property owned or controlled by the City of Raleigh.A. Purpose1. To contribute to the vitality of Raleigh as the “City of Oaks”and to enhance the appearance of the urban forest forcontinued prosperity and economic growth.2. To improve air and water quality, reduce noise pollution,energy costs, and stormwater runoff, increase propertyvalues, and foster a sense of community.3. To promote tree species diversity and phase out species andcultivars deemed inappropriate due to being invasive, lack ofvigor, susceptibility to insects and disease, and/or poorperformance.4. To enhance public safety by properly locating trees in order toreduce conflicts with existing infrastructure and sight visibility.5. To plant healthy, vigorous nursery stock that is superior inform and disease resistance using proven industry standards.B. Tree Planting on City PropertyThe Parks, Recreation and Cultural Resources Department isresponsible for plan review, inspection, monitoring andenforcement associated with tree planting and maintenance onproperty owned or controlled by the City.11 City Tree Manual March, 20151. Development, Private Citizen or Contract Plantinga. Planting on city owned or controlled property by anyindividual or organization other than the City. Theseprojects are at the expense of the requestor and require aTree Impact Permit.2. Partnership Plantinga. Planting undertaken by non-profit organizations, publicprivate partnerships, and civic groups. Unless work isdone under strict guidance and oversight by the UrbanForester, these projects are at the expense of therequestor and require a Tree Impact Permit. Examples ofpartnership plantings include but are not limited to thefollowing:b. Trees Across Raleigh: A non-profit organization thatcollaborates with the City of Raleigh to plant in the cityrights-of-way and city parks.c. Adopt-a-Park / Adopt-a-Stream: Cooperative agreementsbetween the City and volunteer groups to plant treesalong greenways and other city rights-of-way.d. NeighborWoods Street Tree Planting Program: Acooperative program between the City and its residents toplant trees along city right of ways. Participation in thisprogram does not require a Tree Impact Permit.C. Requests for Tree Planting
1. Requests for tree planting and Tree Impact Permits areevaluated in the order in which they are received.2. Tree planting is contingent on the planting season, availabilityof plant material, site suitability, staffing, and funding.root flare more than 2” below surface of root ball will berejected.3. Species Selectiona.Selected tree species shall be of a cultivar that is superiorin form and disease resistance. Preference will be givento street trees grown specifically for urban conditions.b.Exotic invasive species are not permitted.c.Large maturing species are not permitted under overheadpower lines.d.All species selections shall be reviewed by the UrbanForester or designee.e.Species diversity is encouraged to improve overall urbanforest health (Table 2).3. The Urban Forester or designee will prioritize tree plantingrequests according to the following criteria:a. Needs Based: Areas identified with the greatest treecanopy deficitsb. Pre Identified Locations: Areas earmarked forbeautification improvementsc. On Demand: City departments, volunteer groups,neighborhoods, citizens, and developmentD. Tree Quality Standards1. General: Furnish nursery-grown plants true to genus, species,variety, cultivar, stem form, shearing, and other featuresindicated on drawings and complying with ANSI Z60.1, withhealthy root systems developed by transplanting or rootpruning and a visible root flare. Provide well-shaped, fullybranched, healthy, vigorous stock free of disease, insects,eggs, larvae, and defects such as knots, sun scald, injuries,abrasions, and disfigurement.2. Trees with multiple leaders, unless specified, will be rejected.Trees with damaged or crooked leaders, bark abrasions,sunscald, disfiguring knots, insect damage, or cuts on limbsover 1/2 in. in diameter that are not completely closed, or12 City Tree Manual March, 2015f. All plant material and installation work shall conform tothe standards detailed in Appendix B and C and theAmerican National Standards for Tree Care Operations,ANSI A300 and Nursery Stock, ANSI Z60.1.4. All plant material shall be free of all pests, diseases, andcankers, in healthy condition, and free of mechanical damageat the time of planting as determined by Urban Forestry staff.5. Provide plants of sizes, grades, and ball or container sizescomplying with ANSI Z60.1 for types and form of plantsrequired. Plants of larger size may be used if acceptable toUrban Forester, with a proportionate increase in size of rootsor balls.
6. Label each plant of each variety and caliper with a securelyattached, waterproof tag bearing legible designation ofbotanical and common name. Include nomenclature forhybrid, variety, or cultivar, if applicable.7. When more than one plant of any species is planted, all plantmaterial shall be uniform in size and shape when possible. Allplant material shall have full form with even-spacedbranching. One-sided plants or tight row plants are notacceptable if the growth habit is adversely affected.8. Tree and Shrub Measurementsa.Measure according to ANSI Z60.1 with branches andtrunks or canes in their normal position. Do not prune toobtain required sizes.b.Installation size for right of way trees1. Shade trees shall be a minimum of 3”caliper and 10’ tall.2. Understory trees shall be a minimum of1.5” caliper for single stem and 6’ tall forboth single and multi-stemmed trees.9. Balled and Burlapped (B&B), Container and Bare Root PlantMaterialsa. Trees designated B&B shall be properly dug with firm,natural balls of soil with ball size not less thandiameter and depth recommended by ANSI Z60.1 fortype and size of tree, retaining as many fibrous roots aspossible. Balls shall be firmly wrapped with13 City Tree Manual March, 2015biodegradable burlap and secured with nails asrecommended by ANSI Z60.1.b. The root flare shall be apparent at the surface of theroot ball, or the contractor will be responsible forremoving excess soil from the top of the root ball inorder to establish the correct grade. Trees shall berejected if the root flare has been buried long enoughfor the stem to sprout adventitious roots. Trees withloose, broken, processed, or manufactured root ballswill not be accepted.c. Container-Grown Stock shall be healthy, vigorous, wellrooted exterior plants grown in a container with wellestablished root system reaching sides of containerand maintaining a firm ball when removed fromcontainer. The root flare shall be apparent at surfaceof ball, or the contractor will be responsible forremoving excess soil from the top of the root ball inorder to establish the correct grade. Container shall berigid enough to hold ball shape and protect root massduring shipping and be sized according to ANSI Z60.1for kind, type, and size of exterior plant required.d. Bare root material shall be grown in the ground in thenursery without artificial root restriction devices, suchas containers or fabric bags, under favorable growingconditions and which have received the proper culturaltreatment to develop a well-branched root system.After harvest, the soil is removed from the roots.10. Delivery, Storage and Handling
a. Do not prune trees and shrubs before delivery.Protect bark, branches, and root systems from sunscald, drying, sweating, whipping, and other handlingand tying damage. Do not bend or bind-tie trees orshrubs in such a manner as to destroy their naturalshape. Provide protective covering of exterior plantsduring delivery. Do not drop exterior plants duringdelivery.b. Handle planting stock by root ball. Heavier materialshall be handled with straps on the root ball andappropriate equipment such as a small skid steerloader.c. Deliver bare-root stock plants freshly dug.Immediately after digging up bare-root stock, packroot system in wet straw, hay, or other suitablematerial to keep root system moist until planting.as necessary to maintain root systems in amoist, but not overly-wet condition.iv. Heel-in bare-root stock. Soak roots that are indry condition in water for two hours. Rejectdried-out plants.11. Nurserya. Plants shall be grown within one cold hardiness zone ofthe project site.b.Provide digital photos from the nursery with heightidentified for review by the Urban Forester or designeeprior to digging or shipping. All trees shall also bereviewed and approved prior to installation either atplace of purchase, nursery, holding yard or work siteby the Urban Forester or designee.12. Observation and Rejectiond. Deliver exterior plants after preparations for plantinghave been completed and install immediately. Ifplanting is delayed more than six hours afterdelivery, set exterior plants in their appropriateaspect (sun, filtered sun, or shade), protect fromweather and mechanical damage, and keep rootsmoist.i. Set balled stock on ground and cover ballwith soil, peat moss, sawdust, or otheracceptable material.ii. Do not remove container-grown stock fromcontainers before time of planting.iii. Water root systems of exterior plants storedon-site with a fine-mist spray. Water as often14 City Tree Manual March, 2015a. Urban Forester or designee shall observe trees andshrubs at place of purchase, nursery holding yard, or atsite before planting for compliance with requirementsfor genus, species, variety, size, and quality. UrbanForester retains right to observe trees further for sizeand condition of balls and root systems, insects,injuries, and latent defects and to reject unsatisfactoryor defective material at any time during progress ofwork. Remove rejected trees or shrubs immediatelyfrom Project site.13. Substitutions
a. Requests for substitution for the listed plant materialmust be made to the Urban Forester in writing. Therequest shall include a minimum of 5 nurseriesattempted for location and contact information.Substitutions will be considered if the listed materialcannot be located or confirmed by known suppliers.Plant suppliers must be researched and located priorto submittal. If plant material substitutions are to bemade after award of the contract or permit, thesubstitution must be of similar growth habit, form, andcharacteristics; similar in specified size; and equal inprice and subject to approval or rejection by the UrbanForester.2. Linear Spacing and Locationa. Street trees shall be planted 40’ on center unlessotherwise specified in the Unified DevelopmentOrdinance or NeighborWoods program.b. No large maturing trees shall be planted beneathoverhead power lines.c. Grouped Plantings1. Grouping trees wherever possible anddesigning tree pits or mulch areas that allowshared root space provides a number ofbenefits to the health and longevity of urbantrees. Designs that group trees are favoredover individual plantings.b. If for any reason trees cannot be installed according tothe plans a request shall be made to the UrbanForester in writing. The Contractor shall inform thecity and alternate planting locations shall be selectedfor approval by the Urban Forester.3. ExecutionE. Tree Planting Standardsa. Tree and Shrub excavation1. Detailed Tree Specifications Appendix Ba.b.c.d.Tree PlantingUrban Tree PlantingTree GrateTree Protection Fence15 City Tree Manual March, 20151. Planting hole: Excavate circular pits withsides sloped inward. Trim base leavingcenter area rai
7 City Tree Manual March, 2015 b. The city is committed to protecting and preserving the urban forest because it provides numerous benefits. Trees increase property values, reduce air and water pollution, reduce e
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