The World Of Jane Austen : A Comparison Of Selected Novels .

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Západočeská univerzita v PlzniFakulta filozofickáBakalářská práceThe World of Jane Austen : A Comparison ofSelected Novels and Their Film AdaptationsMiroslava ProcházkováPlzeň 2013

Západočeská univerzita v PlzniFakulta filozofickáKatedra anglického jazyka a literaturyStudijní program FilologieStudijní obor Cizí jazyky pro komerční praxiKombinace angličtina – francouzštinaBakalářská práceThe World of Jane Austen : A Comparison ofSelected Novels and Their Film AdaptationsMiroslava ProcházkováVedoucí práce:PhDr. Ivona Mišterová, Ph.D.Katedra anglického jazyka a literaturyFakulta filozofická Západočeské univerzity v PlzniPlzeň 2013

Prohlašuji, že jsem práci zpracovala samostatně a použila jen uvedenýchpramenů a literatury.Plzeň, duben 2013.

AcknowledgementFirst and foremost, I would like to express my sincere thanks to mysupervisor, PhDr. Ivona Mišterová, Ph.D., who has supported methroughout my thesis with patience. I am extremely grateful for hervaluable advice and kind encouragement.

Table of contents1 INTRODUCTION . 12 THE WORLD OF JANE AUSTEN . 32.1 Influence of the Regency period . 42.2 Jane Austen’s life and love . 92.3 In touch with Jane Austen . 193 JANE AUSTEN’S NOVELS AND THEIR FILM ADAPTATIONS. 223.1 Pride and Prejudice – film adaptation . 223.1.1 Analysis . 233.1.1.1 Quotations . 233.1.1.2 Czech dubbing . 273.1.1.3 Distinctions and remarks . 343.2 Pride and Prejudice – television adaptation . 423.2.1 Analysis of particular features . 433.3 Sense and Sensibility – film adaptation . 473.3.1 Analysis . 473.3.1.1 Quotations . 483.3.1.2 Czech dubbing . 553.3.1.3 Distinctions and remarks . 583.4 Sense and Sensibility – television adaptation . 69

3.4.1 Analysis of particular features . 694 CONCLUSION . 755 ENDNOTES . 786 BIBLIOGRAPHY . 946.1 Printed sources . 946.2 Internet sources . 946.3 Other sources . 1007 ABSTRACT . 1028 RESUMÉ . 1039 APPENDICES . 104

11 INTRODUCTIONThis bachelor thesis deals with the Regency period according toJane Austen’s novels and with a comparison of her two principal novels,Pride and Prejudice and Sense and Sensibility, to their particular film andtelevision adaptations. Its first aim is to present the insight into JaneAusten’s life and her milieu which is essential to understand thebackground of her novels. Its second aim is to provide information aboutthe film and television adaptations, their connection to the novels and tothe Regency period. The thesis focuses on description of particularfactual features. The topic belongs to cultural studies and was selectedwith an esteem for Jane Austen.The thesis is divided into two main parts – theoretical and practical.The theoretical part is then divided into three sections. The first sectiondeals with the Regency period and its influence on Jane Austen’swritings. A special attention is paid to the compemporary society and itsmanners in accordance with Jane Austen’s depiction of those times. Thesecond section is devoted to Jane Austen’s life. This part is biographicaland includes speculations about her love life, which is covered bymystery. The third section presents places and events which are worthvisiting to get closer to the atmosphere of Jane Austen’s novels. This partdescribes, for instance, museums, events, etc. connected to Jane Austen.The practical part, which follows, is composed of four sections. The firstsection deals with the 2005 film adaptation of Pride and Prejudice. Thedescription of the 1995 television adaptation of Pride and Prejudice isprovided in the second section. The third section is devoted to the 1996film adaptation of Sense and Sensibility. The 2008 television adaptationof Sense and Sensibility is presented in the fourth section. Each of thesesections contains three subsections which focus on analysis. Theanalysis pays attention to features concerning significant quotations,inappropriate Czech dubbing, and distinctions between the novel and itsadaptation, which are supplemented by remarks related to the Regencyperiod. The features are ordered chronologically according to the storyline

2in order to provide a comprehensive and clear structure. The analysis ofthe Czech dubbing was included because it involves a certain degree ofadaptation. Moreover, its aim is to depict the difference between theatmosphere in the English and the Czech version.Facts and other issues are based on knowledge acquired inprimary sources and supported by secondary sources. The theoreticalpart is substantiated mainly by A Memoir of Jane Austen written by JaneAusten’s nephew, J.E. Austen-Leigh, and The Jane Austen Pocket Biblewritten by Holly Ivins. The practical part employs novels Pride andPrejudice and Sense and Sensibility from a combined version TheComplete Novels of Jane Austen, the films Pride and Prejudice (2005)and Sense and Sensibility (1996), and the television series Pride andPrejudice (1995) and Sense and Sensibility (2008). Both English andCzech versions of these films and television series were used for theanalysis. The complete overview of applied sources is stated in thebibliography. The findings of the thesis are presented in the conclusion ina more detailed way. Nevertheless, the thesis is supposed to giveevidence of the interconnection between the Regency period, JaneAusten’s novels, and the film and television adaptations of these novels.

32 THE WORLD OF JANE AUSTENMany literary readers wonder how it is possible that a woman withno experience with love, without knowing the world, but living a calm lifecould have ever written such number of novels which captivated so manyadmirers in the course of two centuries, received more than fewappreciations from highly respected personages, for instance, Sir WalterScott, and influenced the British literature. [1]She was even criticised for her want of knowing the world moreextensively. [2] Nevertheless, Jane Austen invested the beauty, purity,wit, and genius into her novels despite, and maybe thanks to, the calmcourse of her life. Jane Austen did not need to know the world. She hadher own world. The world which her admirers love. The world whichhelped British soldiers to overcome the stress during the World War One.[3]For Jane Austen lived in the Regency period her novels represent apicture of those times. There are some facts which the reader shouldknow to understand her novels better. Principally, some facts concerningthe society and what it was like to be a woman those days. Jane Austen’sdepiction of the society is something which deserves the attention.Moreover, it is necessary to focus on women to conprehend the situationof Jane Austen’s heroines better. Generally, the facts are concentratedmainly on the middle class where Jane Austen originated from, which shefocused on, and whose manners and opinions are so faithfully describedin her novels. J.E. Austen-Leigh states: “I think that in her last three worksare to be found a greater refinement of taste, a more nice sense ofpropriety, and a deeper insight into the delicate anatomy of the humanheart. [.] These writings are like photographs, in which no feature issoftened.“ [4]A view into Jane Austen’s own life is also essential. Although herlove life is covered by a veil of mystery, there are many books and filmsdevoted to her life. It is natural because if someone appreciates JaneAusten’s novels, he or she desires to know where these ideas originate

4from. In this respect, this thesis provides a brief overview of facts andevents associated with her life which enable to get closer in touch withJane Austen.This foreword may be symbolically concluded with Jane Austen’sown words. “I think I can boast myself to be, with all possible vanity, themost unlearned and uninformed female who ever dared to be anauthoress.“ (11 December 1815) [5]2.1 Influence of the Regency periodDuring the Regency period, the society was strictly divided intoclasses. Everyone was treated and should behave according to his or hersocial class, status, and property. Jane Austen dealt mainly with thegentry in her novels because she belonged to this class, and sometimesshe showed a view into other classes, mainly the upper classes. A goodexample of someone of higher rank is Mr Darcy in Pride and Prejudicewith his beautiful residence at Pemberley. [6]J.E. Austen-Leigh talks in his Memoir of Jane Austen about aprocess of “levelling-up“, which means a progress in society. He notesthat this process was the most perceptible in lower classes. There wasalso a difference in manner of speech between upper and lower classes.The language of lower classes was perceived as coarse and incorrect.However, the society underwent a perceptible change during JaneAusten’s life. Many people who originated in lower class became wealthy,and the traditional criteria of lower, middle and upper classes were partlybroken. [7]According to memories of Jane Austen’s nephew, “the house atSteventon, where Jane Austen spent her childhood, was furnished withmodesty. Carpets were redundant, and therefore, used rarely. Thefurniture comprised only a few pieces. There was only one sofa in thehouse. To sit back against the backrest was unimanigable. Ladies andgentlemen of good manners would never do that unless they were veryold or ill. When Jane Austen was ill, and suffered from weakness, she still

5never used the sofa because she left it to her old mother, even if hermother was not present. Instead, she used three chairs saying that it wasmore comfortable than a sofa because she knew that otherwise hermother would have insisted on her using the sofa instead of her.“ [8]All equipment which was needed for ladies was the following. Amusical instrument, most often a pianoforte or a harp, a small writingdesk, and a sewing kit. Young ladies were being prepared for the role of amistress. Therefore, ladies contributed to housework in spite of havingservants. The housework comprised everything from making bed todistilling of herbs for home-made medicines. An interest in science andother subjects was not common. [9] Miss Bingley in chapter 8 in thenovel, Pride and Prejudice, describes an accomplished woman: “Awoman must have a thorough knowledge of music, singing, drawing,dancing, and the modern languages, to deserve the word [accomplished];and besides all this, she must possess a certain something in her air andmanner of walking, the tone of her voice, her address and expressions, orthe word will be but half deserved.” [10] Housework, playing a musicalinstrument, singing, drawing, needlework, reading, writing letters torelatives and close friends, visiting relatives and friends, and interest infashion were the only occupations for young ladies. Every unmarriedwoman practised some of these occupations. Married women weresupposed to manage the household and care for children. [11] Therefore,Lydia says in chapter 53 in the novel, Pride and Prejudice: ”But you knowmarried women have never much time for writing. My sisters may write tome. They will have nothing else to do.” [12]The only entertainment for young people was a ball or a dinnerparty. This was also almost the only occasion for young ladies and younggentlemen to be acquainted together and talk together. There was acustom to hold a public ball every month during the winter. Private ballswere held occasionaly, however, dinner parties were common and veryfrequent. Most of these parties ended with dancing, and young ladiescontributed not only by dancing but also by playing the pianoforte andsinging. Jane Austen played the pianoforte very well. She practised

6playing every morning and was praised for her sweet voice. [13] She alsoloved dancing and was very good at it. Henry Austen wrote in hisforeword to the combined edition of Northanger Abbey and Persuasion:“She [Jane Austen] was fond of dancing and excelled in it.“ [14]Almost every ball or dancing at dinner parties commenced with aminuet. In addition, it was an honour to open the first set of dances. Ballswere, among other things, an occasion for ladies and gentlemen to showtheir good manners. Every detail revealed a person’s origin. For example,women’s gloves had to be purely clean and most often white unless theyvisited a below-average ball. Some ladies even brought two pairs ofgloves to a ball in case of soiling one of them. J.E. Austen-Leigh observesin his Memoir of Jane Austen: “The graceful carriage of each weapon [asword for a man and a fan for a woman] was considered a test of highbreeding.“ [15]Jane Austen wrote in her letter to Cassandra about a ball in Lyme:“[.] a new odd-looking man who had been eyeing me for some time, andat last, without any introduction, asked me if I meant to dance again.” (14September, 1804) [16] A procedure of meeting new acquaintances wascomplicated. For instance, there existed a manner that while introducingsiblings, the eldest daughter was addressed as Miss with her surname,and her sibling(s) as Miss with her first name. Sons were usuallyaddressed by their full names. This feature is exemplified in section3.3.1.2 (see page 55). In addition, it was impossible to address someonewithout being introduced. An example of bad manner can be seen inchapter 18 (pp. 294, 295) in the novel, Pride and Prejudice, when MrCollins addresses Mr Darcy without being introduced. His behaviour iseven more rude because Mr Darcy is superior to Mr Collins. It waspossible to address a person of lower rank without being introduced butnever someone of higher rank. Nowadays, it is common to shake hands,but in the Regency period, this gesture was used only by close friends.[17]Another important manner of those times was the manner ofentering the room. People of the highest rank entered the room first.

7Families entered together, generally, from the oldest to the youngest andaccording to the marital status. [18] For example, in the televisionadaptation of Pride and Prejudice (1995) the married Lydia enters theroom before her eldest sister Jane (see page 46). There were moreprescribed polite manners, and there also existed some guide books foryoung ladies on how to behave. Jane Austen laughed at it because thebook led young women to be humble, obedient, stupid and bashfulcreatures. [19] For example, Mr Collins reads Fordyce’s Sermons inchapter 14 in the novel, Pride and Prejudice. The book refers to Sermonsto Young Women by James Fordyce. [20]Unless a dinner party was held, the dinner table served only forfood and no more than some candlesticks. Decorations and silver cutlerywere used only on special occasions. During the Regency period, themost popular drinks were wine and mead, especially home-made. Thedinner table included a great deal of vegetables. Potatoes were eatenonly with roast meat. The housewives kept recipe books, and every familyhad their peculiar meal which was handed from mother to daughter. [21]The Jane Austen’s House Museum in Chawton keeps a hand-writtenJane Austen Household Book by Martha Lloyd-Austen which containsmany recipes not only for cooking but also for remedies which were usedin the Austen family. [22] After the main dish, the tablecloth was clearedaway and the dessert followed. In her novels, Jane Austen uses theexpression “cloth“ instead of ”tablecloth”. After the dinner, the familyoccupied themselves, for instance, with playing cards, listening to one ofthem playing the pianoforte, reading aloud or simply with conversation.[23]When people wanted to visit somebody, they walked on foot orused a carriage. The Austen family possessed a carriage and a pair ofhorses, which was, in fact, a necessity those times. The roads were notwell-maintained, and one horse would not be able to pull the carriagealone. When the rodes were dirty, the pattens had to be used for walking.Pattens were shoes with a raised wooden sole to keep the feet above themud. [24] Jane Austen was always wearing a bonnet as all women did

8while going for a walk. The Austen sisters did not care much aboutfashion even though Jane Austen was very good at needlework. Shespent much of her time sewing and her dresses were excellent. She oftenmade clothes for the poor. She also made a dress for her sister-in-law,Mary Austen-Leigh. [25]Though Jane Austen was not interested in politics, there was a“politician“ who was interested in her. Prince Regent, George IV, reallyliked Jane Austen’s novels. He kept a few sets of them. He charged MrClarke, a librarian of Carlton House, one of Prince’s residences, to inviteJane Austen to Carlton House and to propose on behalf of the Prince asto whether she could dedicate some of her upcoming novels to thePrince. It was Emma which was honoured to be dedicated to PrinceRegent. Jane Austen and Mr Clarke became friends and kept in touch bycorrespondence. He also recommended her a few times new ideas whichshe could have included into her novels, however, she never followed hisadvice repeating that she knew nothing about science and philosophy.[26]Here follows an amusing part of letter by Jane Austen to Mr Clarke:“I am fully sensible that an historical romance [.] might be much more tothe purpose of profit or popularity than such pictures of domestic life incountry villages as I deal in. But [.] I could not sit seriously down to writea serious romance under any other motive than to save my life; and if itwere indispensable for me to keep it up and never relax into laughing atmyself or at other people, I am sure I should be hung before I hadfinished the first chapter. No, I must keep to my own style and go on inmy own way.” (April 1816, Chawton) [27] It is significant that Jane Austenkept her own style and accepted Clarke’s and other recommendations asan amusement because it is her distinctive style which has entered theEnglish literature and which would have probably lost its beauty if it hadbeen changed. It should not go without a mention that she once wrote abook called “Plan of a novel according to hints from various quarters“simply for amusement. [28]

92.2 Jane Austen’s life and loveThere are many films inspired by Jane Austen’s life. The mostpopular one is called Becoming Jane, which is based on the novel, calledBecoming Jane Austen, written by John Spence. It shows an inventedstory of romance between Jane Austen and Tom Lefroy according toevidence from Jane Austen’s letters. [29] Nevertheless, we can onlyspeculate what the true story really was.Some facts are well-known. There exist many letters written byJane Austen, however, many letters were destroyed. Perhaps the familydid not wa

Austen’s nephew, J.E. Austen-Leigh, and The Jane Austen Pocket Bible written by Holly Ivins. The practical part employs novels Pride and Prejudice and Sense and Sensibility from a combined version The Complete Novels of Jane Austen, the films Pride and Prejudice (2005)

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