Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) And Diesel Exhaust .

Selective CatalyticReduction (SCR) andDiesel Exhaust Fluid(DEF)Training Module

DEF – SCR Training ModuleWelcome to the Cummins Filtration DEF – SCRtraining module.DEF & SCR systems are key to Cumminsmeeting the 2010 On-Highway emissionsrequirements.Many other engine manufacturers have selectedSCR as their 2010 emission strategy.Consequently, DEF will be an integral part oftheir solution as well.

DEF – SCR Training ModuleThe following training module will introduce you tothe basic aspects of SCR technology, providingan overview of the Selective Catalytic Reduction(SCR) system and Diesel Exhaust Fluid (DEF).

DEF – SCR Training ModuleObjectives:Objective 1: Become familiar with DEF and SCR systemsObjective 2: Gain further knowledge of DEFObjective 3: Understand Cummins Filtration’s role in DEFsupply

Objective 1: Become familiar with DEF andSCR systems

Objective 1: Become familiar with DEF and SCRsystems1994(g/hp-hr)5.0NOx2010 heavy-dutyemissions standards forNorth America are: 0.2 g/HP-hr NOx 0.01 g/HP-hrParticulate Matter (PM).19984.020022.51.220070.220100.00.0 0.01PM(g/hp-hr)0.10

Objective 1: Become familiar with DEF and SCRsystems1994(g/hp-hr)5.0NOxThis is a reductionof emissions by98% since the late1980’s.19984.020022.51.220070.220100.00.0 0.01PM(g/hp-hr)0.10

Objective 1: Become familiar with DEF and SCRsystemsCummins has committedto providing a completelineup of certified andcompliant on-highwayengine products that willmeet the 2010emissions standards.

Objective 1: Become familiar with DEF and SCRsystemsFor 2010, Cummins is enhancing the technology that itcurrently has in the marketplace. Building on itssuccesses with cooled Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR)introduced in 2002 and the Cummins Particulate Filterintroduced in 2007, Cummins will meet the 2010emissions standards with the addition of Nitrogen Oxide(NOx) aftertreatment using Selective Catalytic Reduction(SCR) technology.

Objective 1: Become familiar with DEF and SCRsystemsSCR technology uses a ureabased chemical called dieselexhaust fluid (DEF) and acatalytic converter tosignificantly reduce oxides ofnitrogen (NOx) emissions.SCR Catalyst Very high efficiency Thermal stability

Objective 1: Become familiar with DEF and SCRsystemsSCR technology is not newto Cummins or CumminsFiltration. In 2006,Cummins launched itsmidrange engines certifiedto the Euro 4 standardusing SCR for commercialvehicle applications inEurope.SCR Catalyst Very high efficiency Thermal stability

Objective 1: Become familiar with DEF and SCRsystemsCummins has built andshipped over 50,000 SCRengines to date.Cummins EmissionSolutions has built andshipped over 250,000SCR systems.SCR Catalyst Very high efficiency Thermal stability

Objective 1: Become familiar with DEF and SCRsystemsCummins Filtration hasoffered DEF for stationaryapplications for over 5years.SCR Catalyst Very high efficiency Thermal stability

Objective 1: Become familiar with DEF and SCRsystemsDEF is injected into the hotexhaust gas stream where itvaporizes and decomposes toform ammonia and carbondioxide. Ammonia (NH3) is thedesired product which inconjunction with the SCRcatalyst, converts the NOx toNitrogen (N2) and water (H20).SCR Catalyst Very high efficiency Thermal stability

Selective Catalytic Reduction ComponentsAnd The Chemical Process That OccursInside The SCR Device Chemistry is well understood and controllable1122HydrolysisDEF Injection Small quantity of DEF injected When the DEF is injectedinto hot exhaust gas, it Proportional to NOx ratevaporizes and 32.5% solution in water, freezing point 11 FStored in heated tanks(NH2)2CO decomposes to formammonia and carbondioxideNH3UreaInjector33NOx Catalysis NO and NO2 react with44Ammonia Slip Any trace amounts ofammonia over a catalystto form nitrogen andwater vaporSCRCatalyst ammonia remaining afterreaction with NOx isbroken down to nitrogenMaximum tailpipeammonia 10PPMSlipCatalyst

Objective 1: Become familiar with DEF and SCRsystemsSCR maximizes combustionefficiencies allowing the engine tobe fully optimized, providing:– Improved engine performance anddrivability– Up to 5% fuel economy advantage over ‘07Cummins Heavy Duty engines– Lower contaminants in both exhaust andlube system– Fewer Diesel Particulate Filter (DPF)regenerations

Objective 1: Become familiar with DEF and SCRsystemsThe combination of combustion design, fuel systems, air handling, aftertreatment,filtration and electronic controls, all in-house core technologies, puts Cumminsin a very unique and strong market position.Crankcase VentilationSystemEngine FiltrationSystemsSCR - DEFExhaustSystemFuel Lube CoolantAir IntakeSystemTurboCentrifugeExhaust GasRecirculation SystemAftertreatmentSystem

Objective 2: Gain further knowledge of DEF

Objective 2: Gain further knowledge of DEFDiesel exhaust fluid (DEF) isthe reactant necessary forthe functionality of the SCRsystem.DEF is produced fromnatural gas, coal or otherpetroleum products.

Objective 2: Gain further knowledge of DEFPure urea is solid at roomtemperature. DEF isprepared by dissolvingsolid urea to create a32.5% solution indeionized water.

Objective 2: Gain further knowledge of DEFDEF has high purityrequirements which aredefined by the GermanInstitute of StandardizationDIN 70700 and theInternational Organizationfor Standardization ISO22241-1.There is also an AmericanPetroleum Institute (API)certification.

Objective 2: Gain further knowledge of DEFWhile urea is usedcommonly in agriculture,the formula used in anSCR system as DEF is ahighly purified speciallymade liquid.End-users and operators willnot be capable ofproducing their own DEF tothese strict standards.

Objective 2: Gain further knowledge of DEFA 32.5% solution of DEF willfreeze at 12 degrees F,(-11 C).This is the ideal solution as itallows the lowest freezepoint. In the event thesolution does freeze, theurea and water will thaw atthe same rate, ensuringthe solution does notbecome diluted.

Objective 2: Gain further knowledge of DEFThe installation of an SCRsystem will provide forheating of the DEF tank bytemperature controlledcoolant heat. The DEF linefrom the tank to the doserwill be heated bytemperature controlledelectrical heat tape.The system is designed tooperate properly in coldclimates.Cummins has seenunaided cold starts at -40 in under 2 seconds!

Objective 2: Gain further knowledge of DEFIt is important to note, thateven in the event that theDEF supply is frozen, (in avehicle) it will NOT impactthe operators ability to startup and continue normaloperation of the vehicle.Note: If DEF freezes, it can be thawedand used. DEF is not damaged ordestroyed from being frozen

Objective 2: Gain further knowledge of DEF Shelf life of DEF is a function of ambient storagetemperature– Not a concern even in the harshest climates ISO Spec 22241-3 details the Storage, Handlingand Shelf Life minimum expectationsDEF stored at a constanttemperature of 95 deg F had ashelf life of over 6 months!

Objective 2: Gain further knowledge of DEF In order to maintainmaximum shelf life,Cummins recommendsDEF be stored at under 86 F (30 C) In order to avoid freezing,Cummins recommendsDEF be stored at above12 F (-11 C)

Diesel Exhaust Fluid - Properties DEF is safe to handle and store–––––Non-toxic and non-pollutingNon-flammableStable and colorlessNon-hazardousDoes not require special handling When stored at extremetemperatures, neither DEF norUrea become toxic DEF is slightly alkaline with a pHof approximately 9

Objective 2: Gain further knowledge of DEFDEF consumption isexpected to beapproximately 2% of fuelconsumption, dependanton vehicle operation,duty cycle, geography,ratings etc.

Diesel Exhaust Fluid - OperationExample: Heavy Duty Annual miles for average truck 120,000 mpg for average truck 6 mpg 120,000/ 6 mpg 20,000 gallons dieselfuel per year DEF usage @ 2% of fuel consumption 400 gallons of DEF/year 400 gallons / 20 gallon tank (averagesize) 20 DEF fill-ups/year

Diesel Exhaust Fluid - OperationExample: Medium Duty Annual miles for average truck 50,000 mpg for average truck 8 mpg 50,000 miles/8 mpg 6,250 gallonsdiesel fuel per year DEF usage @ 2% of fuel consumption 125 gallons of DEF/year 125 gallons / 10 gallon tank (averagesize) 13 DEF fill-ups/yearA truck averaging 8 mpg canexpect to travel approximately 400miles on 1 gallon of DEF!

Diesel Exhaust Fluid - Operation DEF level gaugeincorporated with all fuelgauges Multiple step notificationsystem as to remaining DEF At no time is the vehicleever shut down due to noDEF remaining

Diesel Exhaust Fluid - OperationThe function of the SCRsystem is dependant on ahigh quality, 32.5% DEFsolution:– NOx sensors are in placeto ensure good qualityDEF is always usedNOxSensors

Diesel Exhaust Fluid - Maintenance On Cummins engines,maintenance is a simplefilter change every 200Kmiles, 322K kilometers or5000 hours. This DEF dosing unit filterwill be available for orderfrom your local CumminsDistributor.DEF Dosing UnitFilter Location

Diesel Exhaust Fluid - MaintenanceThe filter is located under a twist off cap in the DEF tank

Objective 3: Understand CumminsFiltration’s role in DEF supply

Objective 3: Understand Cummins Filtration’s role inDEF supplyCummins Filtration has beenproviding DEF for use instationary engines since2003, formerly sold underthe StableGuard Ureaname.

Objective 3: Understand Cummins Filtration’s role inDEF supplyCummins Filtration offersDEF through our extensivedistribution network, whichincludes over 20,000locations with nearly 8,000retailers in North America.Fleetguard DEF is available forOEM first-fill as well asAftermarket sales.

Objective 3: Understand Cummins Filtration’s role inDEF supplyFleetguard DEF meetsISO22241 specificationsand is certified by API.

Objective 3: Understand Cummins Filtration’s role inDEF supplyFleetguard DEF is availablein bulk, plastic anddisposable totes, plasticdrums, and smallercontainer sizes.

Objective 3: Understand Cummins Filtration’s role inDEF supplyBulk delivery is availabledirectly from our blendingfacilities for addedconvenience, and will beavailable throughout NorthAmerica.Minimum tanker loadsare 5,000 gallons, FOBblending location.

Objective 3: Understand Cummins Filtration’s role inDEF supplyDEF Products include: CC36057 – Bulk CC36056 – Plastic 330 gal. tote CC36055 – Disposable 275 gal. tote CC36054 – Plastic 55 gal. drum CC36053 – 5 gal. bottle CC36052 – 2.5 gal. bottle CC36051 – 1 gal. bottle 3918034S – Valve/Cutter Kit (for disposabletote)

Cummins Filtration DEFAll-in-One Kits for DEF Dispensinginclude motor, pump, nozzle, hose, andadapter 3970399 – Tote Electric Kit 3970398 – Tote Air Kit 3970403 – Drum Electric Kit 3970402 – Drum Air Kit Optional flow meter - 3970397All materials meet ISO requirements forDEF compatibility

Diesel Exhaust Fluid Pricing DEF pricing is driven by various market factors– Natural gas prices are only one driver of DEF pricing– Current pricing is based on low volume– The growing demand and increasing availability for DEF willinfluence competitive pricing Pricing of bulk DEF will be around the price ofdiesel, in the 2 - 3 per gallon range Smaller package pricing will vary based upon sizeand delivery method

Learn More about DEF To learn more aboutDEF, there are severalhelpful tools oncumminsfiltration.com:–––––Brochure, LT15618DEF Usage CalculatorDEF Fact Sheet, MB10033DEF Informational VideoDEF MSDS Sheet Or visit these utscr.comtruthaboutscr.comtruckscr.com

DEF – SCR Training Module Welcome to the Cummins Filtration DEF – SCR training module. DEF & SCR systems are key to Cummins meeting the 2010 On-Highway emissions requirements. Many other engine manufacturers have selected SCR as their 2010 emission strategy. Consequently, DEF will be an integral part of their solution as well.