Multiple Choice Review Mendelian Genetics & Inheritance .
Multiple Choice Review – Mendelian Genetics & Inheritance Patterns1. Jean-Baptiste Lamarck introduced a theory about inheritance in the early1800s. Which of the following accurately describes his Theory of AcquiredCharacteristics?a. Offspring traits are the result of the blending of traits from theparents.b. Offspring traits are the result of parent individuals modifying theirtraits due to use or non-use.c. Traits are acquired from genes, and arise only from the mother notfrom the father.d. Traits are acquired from grandparents and skip the parent generationaltogether.2. Gregor Mendel was a critical contributor to our understanding of inheritancetoday. In his experiments he tracked seven visual traits of pea plants andensured that they produced offspring identical to themselves. What are theterms that we used to identify two separate factors?a. genotype; true breedingb. genotype; cross breedingc. phenotype; true breedingd. phenotype; cross breeding3. Mendel crossed two plants, called the P generation. The offspring of thiscross are known as hybrids. What are hybrids?a. The result of crossing two true breeding plants; they contain twogenes, one of each allele.b. The result of a hybrid cross; they contain two genes for each trait,both carrying the recessive allele.c. The result of a hybrid cross; they contain two genes for each trait,both carrying the dominant allele.d. The result of crossing two true breeding plants; they contain twogenes of identical alleles.4. Mendel observed patterns of inheritance for all of the traits he tested. The F1generation all had a phenotype identical to one of the parents in the Pgeneration. What results did he find for the F2 phenotypes?a. ½ had the phenotype of one P generation plant; ½ had the phenotypeof the F1 parents.b. ¼ had the phenotype of the F1 generation and ¾ had the phenotype ofone of the P generation parents.c. ¾ had the phenotype of the F1 generation and ¼ had the phenotype ofone of the P generation parents.d. The results were not repeatable and identical for the F2 generation,only for the F1 generation.www.njctl.orgPSI BiologyMendelian Genetics &Inheritance Patterns
5. Which of the following statements best describes one aspect of thechromosomal theory of inheritance, posited after Mendel’s time?a. Chromosomes account for all of the phenotypic traits found in everyorganism.b. The hereditary factors from Mendel’s experiments are actually singlechromosomes.c. Chromosomes can be found within alleles, accounting for differentphenotypic traits.d. The hereditary factors from Mendel’s experiments are actually geneslocated on chromosomes.Below is a Punnett square showing a cross between two parents. Use thisinformation to respond to the next five questions.P generation:BB x bbComplete dominance:B black ratBBbBbBbbBbBbb white rat6. Referring to the Punnett square above, which of the following accuratelyrepresents the phenotypic and genotypic ratios of the F1 generation?a. Phenotypic ratio 100% white, genotypic ratio 100% Bb.b. Genotypic ratio 100% black, phenotypic ratio 100% Bbc. Phenotypic ratio 100% black, genotypic ration 100% Bbd. Phenotypic ratio 50% black, 50% white, genotypic ratio 100% Bb7. Using the information in the Punnett square above, how would we refer tothe parents and the offspring?a. One parent homozygous, one is heterozygous, the offspring arehomozygousb. One parent is homozygous dominant, one parent is homozygousrecessive, the offspring are heterozygousc. One parent is homozygous dominant , one parent is heterozygousrecessive, the offspring are homozygous dominantd. One parent is heterozygous dominant, one is heterozygous recessive,the offspring are heterozygous dominantwww.njctl.orgPSI BiologyMendelian Genetics &Inheritance Patterns
8. If we were to cross the offspring in the Punnett square above (known as theF1 generation) what will be the genotypic and phenotypic ratios of the F2generation?a. Phenotypic ratio 3:1; genotypic ratio 1:2:1b. Phenotypic ratio 1:2:1, genotypic ration 3:1c. Phenotypic ratio 3:1, genotypic ration 3:1d. Phenotypic ratio 1:2:1, genotypic ration 1:2:19. Mendel used dihybrid crosses in an effort to uncover more information aboutinheritance patterns. From this he developed two laws of inheritance. Whichof the following accurately described the law of segregation?a. This law states that alleles, on different chromosomes, will beinherited independently of one another.b. This law states that gametes each carry only one allele for a trait, to becombined when fertilization occurs.c. This law states that gametes carry two alleles for each trait to ensureadequate inheritance by offspring.d. This law states that alleles, on the same chromosome, will beinherited independently of one another.10. What is considered to be incomplete dominance?a. When the phenotype of the hybrid is the same as for the homozygousrecessive.b. When the phenotype of the hybrid is the same as for the homozygousdominant.c. When the phenotype of the hybrid shows an in-between phenotype ofthe two parents.d. Then the phenotype of the homozygous dominant shows an inbetween phenotype of the two parents.A cross occurs between a black homozygous mouse and a white homozygousmouse. They produce gray offspring. Use this scenario to respond to the nextthree questions:11. What type of dominance is reflected in the scenario above?a. codominanceb. incomplete dominancec. complete dominanced. blending of genes12. What are the percentage probabilities for the genotype and phenotype of theoffspring?a. 100% black; 100% Bbb. 100% gray; 100% bbc. 100% white; 75% Bb, 25% bbd. 100% gray; 100% Bbwww.njctl.orgPSI BiologyMendelian Genetics &Inheritance Patterns
13. Referring to the mouse scenario noted above, what is the percentagephenotypic probability if we cross two gray mice from the F1 generation?a. 100% blackb. 75%gray; 25% whitec. 25% black; 50% gray; 25% whited. 50% black; 50% white14. A cross occurs between a chicken with white feathers and a chicken withblack feathers. This results in offspring with some black feathers and somewhite feathers. What type of inheritance is this?a. incomplete dominanceb. complete dominancec. codominanced. blended dominance15. Sickle cell disease is the result of one gene abnormality. When two recessivealleles occur, sickle cell disease is inherited. The disease results in misshaped hemoglobin. What type of molecule is hemoglobin?a. proteinb. carbohydratec. lipidd. RNA16. Polygenic inheritance refers to which of the following conditions ofinheritance?a. When one allele affects more than one trait.b. When multiple alleles affect one trait.c. When multiple alleles affect multiple traits.d. When one allele dominates another allele.17. A group of individuals have lived for generations on an island. Their averageheight is 5 feet 2 inches. Eventually, ships stop by the islands bringing morefruits, vegetables and meats to their diet and more food overall. While theislanders continue to marry islanders and produce children, over generationsthe average height of the islander population reaches 5 feet 6 inches. Whatwas most likely the main factor in this change?a. changes and mutations in the genes within the island population ofislandersb. changes in nutrition that affected the phenotype, fully expressing thegenotypec. an influx of new genes from the incoming human populationd. the effect of medications brought by the ships stopping at the islandwww.njctl.orgPSI BiologyMendelian Genetics &Inheritance Patterns
A man who is a carrier for cystic fibrosis marries a woman who is a carrier forcystic fibrosis. Respond to the next three questions based upon this scenario.18. What is the percentage probability that this couple will have a child withcystic fibrosis?a. 50%b. 100%c. 75%d. 25%19. What is the percentage probability that they will have a child who is acarrier?a. 50%b. 100%c. 75%d. 25%20. The couple in the above scenario has four children. How many of theirchildren will have cystic fibrosis?a. oneb. twoc. it could be none to all of their childrend. it depends whether they are male or female21. Issues with inbreeding often occur with dog breeds, such as Germanshepherds. How can we best describe inbreeding?a. successive breeding with individuals from a variety of populationsb. successive breeding with individuals from within one populationc. breeding between different breeds to produce new breedsd. breeding the same set of parents more than once22. How does inbreeding increase the probabilities of recessive disorders?a. Carriers have an increased chance of reproducing together toproduce a homozygous recessive condition.b. Homozygous recessive individuals are more likely to live anreproduce when based within strong families.c. Spontaneous mutations are increased when closely related organismsreproduce successivelyd. The probability that individuals who are homozygous recessiveincrease as the heterozygous conditions increasewww.njctl.orgPSI BiologyMendelian Genetics &Inheritance Patterns
23. What is true about the majority of sex-linked disorders in humans?a. Females have a high probability of inheriting sex linked disordersb. Males have a higher probability of inheriting sex linked disordersc. Gender does not play a role in the probability of inheriting a sexlinked disorderd. Females have a higher probability of inheriting recessive sex linkeddisorders.Use the information and the Punnett square below to respond to the nextthree questions:Hemophilia is an X linked recessive disorderXHXhXHXHXHXHXhyXHyXhy24. What are the chances that this couple will have a child with the hemophilia?a. 75%b. 50%c. 25%d. 0%25. The mother undergoes amniocentesis during her pregnancy, and is told thatthe child she is carrying is a boy. What are the chances that her son will havehemophilia?a. 75%b. 50%c. 25%d. 0%26. The mother has a second pregnancy four years later. She is told that herbaby will be a girl. What are the chances that her daughter will be havehemophilia?a. 75%b. 50%c. 25%d. 0%www.njctl.orgPSI BiologyMendelian Genetics &Inheritance Patterns
27. Which of the following is accurate about an X-linked trait?a. There is a 50% chance that a son inherits an X-linked trait from hisfatherb. There is a 25% chance that a son inherits an X-linked trait from hisfatherc. There is 0% chance that a son inherits an X-linked trait from his fatherd. There is an 80% chance that a son inherits an X-linked trait from hisfather28. Prenatal or fetal tests can be performed that can provide information aboutthe genetic make-up. Which of the following is based upon family history toestimate probabilities of genetic disorders?a. amniocentesisb. pedigreesc. chorionic villus samplingd. fetoscopyUse the pedigree shown below to answer the next two Laboratory/Pedigree%20Analysis/PEDIGREE.HTM29. Given the information provided in the pedigree above, what can wedetermine about the trait seen in the darkened circles and squares?a. The trait is autosomal dominantb. The trait is autosomal recessivec. The trait is x-linked dominantd. The trait is x-linked recessive30. What are the genotypes of the parents in level 1, in the above pedigree?a. mother is homozygous dominant, father is homozygous recessiveb. mother is homozygous recessive, father is homozygous dominantc. mother is homozygous recessive, father is heterozygousd. mother is heterozygous, father is homozygous dominantwww.njctl.orgPSI BiologyMendelian Genetics &Inheritance Patterns
31. What determines “maleness” in humans?a. An extra Y chromosome, resulting in YYb. A single X chromosome, resulting in XOc. A single Y chromosome, regardless of number of X chromosomes.d. A single X chromosome, regardless of the presence of any Ychromosomes.32. What does the term autosomal refer to?a. The non XY chromosomes found in an organismb. The XY chromosomes found in an organismc. The dominant homozygous traitd. The recessive homozygous trait33. Which of the following accurately describes the relationship between adominant and a recessive allele?a. The dominant allele physically alters the recessive allele so that itcannot be expressedb. The dominant allele blends with the recessive allele to produce an inbetween traitc. The dominant allele is expressed however the recessive allele isunaltered.d. The dominant allele is more common in the species population thanthe recessive.34. What type of organisms (for the trait of flower color) are shown crossed inthe image below?http://cubocube.com/dashboard.php?a 1181&b 1259&c 103a.b.c.d.false breeding plantsheterozygous plantsself-breeding plantstrue breeding plantswww.njctl.orgPSI BiologyMendelian Genetics &Inheritance Patterns
35. The probability of an event, such as inheriting a recessive allele, is ½. Theprobability of inheriting a second recessive allele is ½ . What, then, is theprobability of inheriting two recessive alleles?a. 1/2b. 1/4c. 1/8d. 1/1036. Consider a dihybrid cross between two rabbits LlBb x LlBb. What are thephenotypic ratios of the offspring? (L long ears l short ears; B black b white)a. 12 Long Black: 4 short whiteb. 9 Long white: 3 Long Black: 3 short Black: 1 short whitec. 9 Long Black; 3 Long white: 3 short Black: 1 short whited. 12 short Black: 4 Long Black37. Blood type in humans is the result of multiple alleles. Blood type is also anexample of which type of inheritance pattern?a. Complete dominanceb. Incomplete dominancec. Co-dominanced. X-linked inheritance38. A female who is AO (iA, iO) mates with a male who is BO (iB, iO). What possibleblood types can their children inherit?a. Types, A, AB, B and Ob. Types AB and Oc. Types A and Bd. Types A, B and O39. Before having children, a couple prepares a pedigree of their family for oneparticular autosomal dominant disorder. They chart all of their relativesback three generations. From this information, can they determine whetheror not they will have a child with the disorder?a. It is possible, but not guaranteed.b. Yes, they can absolutely tell from this informationc. No, it is not possible with this type of disorder.d. Yes, they can know with certainty.40. What is meant by the term pleiotropy?a. When a single allele affects a single phenotypeb. When a single allele affects multiple phenotypesc. When multiple alleles affect multiple phenotypesd. When multiple alleles affect a single phenotypewww.njctl.orgPSI BiologyMendelian Genetics &Inheritance Patterns
Answer KeyQuestion #Correct responseQuestion #Correct C18D38A19A39D20C40Bwww.njctl.orgPSI BiologyMendelian Genetics &Inheritance Patterns
www.njctl.orgPSI BiologyMendelian Genetics &Inheritance Patterns
Multiple Choice Review – Mendelian Genetics & Inheritance Patterns . When multiple alleles affect one trait. c. When multiple alleles affect multiple traits. d. When one allele dominates another allele. 17. A group of individuals have lived for generations on an island. . Use the pedigree shown below to answer the next two questions: 2
HUMAN GENETICS AND PEDIGREES 7.4 . Key Concept A combination of methods is used to study human genetics . Human Genetics Human genetics follows the patterns seen in other organisms The basic principles of genetics
Genetics – A Continuity of Life – Daniel Fairbanks, Ralph Anderson. Concepts of Genetics – Klug and Cummings. Principles of Genetics – Hartt and Jones. GN 5 B 07 : CORE COURSE VII Medical Genetics Total – 54 hrs Unit- 1: Principles of Human Genetics (2 hrs) History, Origin of medical genetics, classification of genetic disease .
To review the student on the concepts and processes necessary to successfully answer questions over Mendelian genetics and chi square analysis problems. . released multiple choice material that is currently available. The list below identifies free . (ratio is key)
Students will assess the genotypes from plant samples and will associate those genotypes with a visible phenotype, purple or green stem color. Teachers may use this lab as a stand-alone investigation into Mendelian genetics or as a culmination to a Rapid Cycling Brassica rapa Mendelian genetics breeding program.
Somatic cell genetics. Books Recommended: 1. Genetics - Gardener 2. Molecular Genetics of Bacteria 2nd edition 1995, Jeremy W.Dale.-John Wiley and sons. 3.Cell biology (1993)-David E.Sadva (Jones and Barrette) 4.Modern genetics (2nd edition,1984)-A.J.Ayala and W.Castra(Goom Helns,London) 5. Genetics by P.K Gupta. 6. Genetics by Verma and Agarwal 7.
GENETICS PRACTICE 2: BEYOND THE BASICS Solve these genetics problems. Be sure to complete the Punnett square to show how you derived your solution. INCOMPLETE DOMINANCE 1. In radishes, the gene that controls color exhibits incomplete dominance. Pure-breeding red radishes crossed with pure-breeding white radishes make purple radishes.
2 Reporting Category 2: Mechanisms of Genetics The student will demonstrate an understanding of the mechanisms of genetics. (B.6) Science concepts.The student knows the mechanisms of genetics, including the role of nucleic acids and the principles of Mendelian Genetics.
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