Classifying Matter By Composition

Matter NotesSeptember 15, 2015Classifying Matter byComposition Another way to classify matter is toexamine its composition. composition includes: types of particles arrangement of the particles attractions and attachments between theparticles10Sep 10 10:16 AM11Sep 10 10:16 AMClassification of Matterby Composition Matter whose composition does not change from onesample to another is called a pure substance. made of a single type of atom or molecule Because the composition of a pure substance is always thesame, all samples have the same characteristics. Matter whose composition may vary from one sampleto another is called a mixture. two or more types of atoms or molecules combined invariable proportions Because composition varies,12 different samples have differentcharacteristics.Sep 10 10:16 AM1

Matter NotesSeptember 15, 2015Classification of Matterby Composition made of one type of particle All samples show the same intensive properties.made of multiple types of particlesSamples may show different intensive properties.13Sep 10 10:16 AMClassification of PureSubstances?Elements Pure substances that cannot be decomposedinto simpler substances by chemical reactionsare called elements. decomposed broken down basic building blocks of matter composed of single type of atom– though those atoms may or may not be combined intomolecules14Sep 10 10:16 AMClassification of Pure Substances?Compounds Substances that can be decomposed are calledcompounds. chemical combinations of elements composed of molecules that contain two or moredifferent kinds of atoms All molecules of a compound are identical, so allsamples of a compound behave the same way. Most natural pure substances are compounds.15Sep 10 10:16 AM2

Matter NotesSeptember 15, 2015Classification of PureSubstances made of one type of molecule, or array of ionsunits contain two or more different kinds of atoms made of one type of atom (some elements found as multi atom molecules in nature)combine together to make compounds16Sep 10 10:16 AMClassification of Mixtures homogeneous mixture that has uniform compositionthroughout Every piece of a sample has identical characteristics, thoughanother sample with the same components may have differentcharacteristics. atoms or molecules mixed uniformly heterogeneous mixture that does not have uniformcomposition throughout contains regions within the sample with different characteristics atoms or molecules not mixed uniformly17Sep 10 10:16 AMClassification of Mixtures18Sep 10 10:16 AM3

Matter NotesSeptember 15, 2015Changes in Matter Changes that alter the state or appearance ofthe matter without altering the composition arecalled physical changes. Changes that alter the composition of thematter are called chemical changes. During the chemical change, the atoms that arepresent rearrange into new molecules, but all ofthe original atoms are still present.19Sep 10 10:16 AMPhysical Changes in Matter20Sep 10 10:16 AMChemical Changes in Matter21Sep 10 10:16 AM4

Matter NotesSeptember 15, 2015Properties of Matter Physical properties are the characteristics ofmatter that can be changed without changing itscomposition. characteristics that are directly observable Chemical properties are the characteristics thatdetermine how the composition of matter changesas a result of contact with other matter or theinfluence of energy. characteristics that describe the behavior of matter22Sep 10 10:16 AMCommon PhysicalChanges processes that cause changes in the matter that do not change its composition state changes boiling/condensing melting/freezing sublimingSubliming of Dry IceCO2(g)Dissolving of SugarC12H22O11(s)Dry IceCO2(s)23C12H22O11(aq)Sep 10 10:16 AMCommon PhysicalChangesDissolving of SugarC12H22O11(s)24C12H22O11(aq)Sep 10 10:16 AM5

Matter NotesSeptember 15, 2015Common ChemicalChanges processes that cause changes in the matter that change its composition rusting processes that release lots of energy burning25C3H8(g) 5 O2(g) 3 CO2(g) 4 H2O(l)Sep 10 10:16 AMParticle DiagramsSep 10 10:19 AMSep 10 10:40 AM6

Matter NotesSeptember 15, 2015Separation of MatterSep 10 10:42 AMSubstances Elements cannot be separated. They ARE THESIMPLEST FORM OF MATTER. Compounds must be separated by chemicalreactions.Sep 10 10:42 AMSeparating Mixtures Mixtures are separated by PHYSICAL MEANS. This meanseach component of the mixture retains their chemicalcomposition once removed form the mixture.This is a mixture ofiron filings and solidsulfur. The iron canbe separated by amagnet.Sep 10 10:45 AM7

Matter NotesSeptember 15, 2015There are multiple techniques for physicalseparation1. Filtration2. Distillation3. Decanting4. Centrifuge5. Chromatography6. SortingSep 10 10:47 AMFiltration Liquid/solidmixtureSep 10 10:49 AMDistillationLiquid/LiquidMixture Lowerboilingpointvaporizesfirst.Sep 10 10:51 AM8

Matter NotesSeptember 15, 2015Decanting Solid/Liquid Mixture. Usually larger solidparticle size.Sep 10 10:53 AMCentrifuge Rapid spinning thatseparates mixture. Used to separate redblood cells and plasma.Sep 10 10:54 AMChromatography Separates mixture based on particle size.Sep 10 10:56 AM9

Matter NotesSeptember 15, 2015SortingSep 10 11:03 AMSep 10 11:05 AM10

matter that can be changed without changing its composition. characteristics that are directly observable Chemical properties are the characteristics that determine how the composition of matter changes as a result of contact with other matter or the influence of energy. characterist