IADC Dull Grading For PDC Drill Bits - BesteBit

3y ago
145 Views
23 Downloads
3.48 MB
52 Pages
Last View : 2d ago
Last Download : 2m ago
Upload by : Laura Ramon
Transcription

IADCDull Gradingfor PDC Drill BitsSPE/IADC 23939“First Revision to the IADC Fixed Cutter DullGrading System” 1992Version 2.4

How is Dull Grading Useful? Quick and simple way to describe the dull condition inan internationally recognized format A picture is worth a 1,000 words However, no bit photos are in the daily drilling report Identifies issues and improves future bit selection Bit balling Abrasive formation Cutter impact and vibrations Lighter or heavier set drill bit PDC vs Roller Cone

IADC Dull Grading – 8 BoxesEight boxes capture the dull bit condition and reason pulled:Cutting StructureInner Rows AverageCutter WearOuter Rows AverageCutter WearPrimary DullCharacteristicLocation ofPrimary DullCharacteristicBearingGaugeBearing &SealsUndersize16th’s inchRemarksOther DullCharacteristicThe SPE/IADC Fixed cutter dull grading document was last updated in1992. Since then, the industry has adapted new, unofficial codes toovercome some the short falls in the document.The SPE/IADC 1992 Roller cone & Fix cutter IADC dull grade documentsuse the same format and codes.ReasonPulled

Dull Grade SummaryCutting StructureInner Rows Average CutterWearOuter Rows –Average CutterWearAverage wearon inner 2/3rd’sof the diameterAverage wearon outer 1/3rdof the diameterValue: 0-8Value: 0-80:1:2:3:4:5:6:7:8:0:1:2:3:4:5:6:7:8:0% Wear1/8 Wear2/8 Wear3/8 Wear4/8 Wear5/8 Wear6/8 Wear7/8 Wear100% Wear1/2 of4 the cutterdiameter 50%wear4/8 0% Wear1/8 Wear2/8 Wear3/8 Wear4/8 Wear5/8 Wear6/8 Wear7/8 Wear100% WearPrimary DullCharacteristicBFBTCTERFCHCLTNORGWTBond FailureBroken CutterChipped CutterErosionFlat Crested WearHeat CheckingLost CutterNo CharacteristicsRounded GaugeWorn CuttersLocation ofPrimary /4 of2 the cutterdiameter 25%wear*Box is only usedfor cutter dullcharacteristicGaugeBearing &SealsUndersize(16th‘s inch)X – Usedfor allfixedcutter bitsI In-Gauge1 1/16”2 2/16”3 3/16” 16 16/16”RemarksOther DullCharacteristicBUCRJDLNNRPNRORRWOBalled UpCoredJunk DamageLost NozzleNot RerunnablePlugged NozzleRing OutRerunnableWash outSee also:“Primary DullCharacteristics”2/8 *Gauge Cuttersare pre-groundduring themanufacturingprocess.Bearing*More than oneLocation can benoted“I” can bemistakenfor “1”.Primary & OtherCharacteristics usedfor Roller Cone bits:“0” and“IN” areunofficiallyused.BC - Broken ConeCC - Cracked ConeCD - Cone DragCI - Cone InterferenceLC - Lost ConeOC - Off Center WearPB - Pinched BitSD - Shirttail damageSS - Self SharpeningWearTR - TrackingMeasuredwith a “NoGo” PDCGauge RingReason PulledBHA Changed Bottom HoleAssemblyDMF Downhole MotorFailureDSF Drill String FailureDST Drill Stem TestDTF Downhole ToolFailureLOG Run LogsRIG Rig RepairCM Condition MudCP Core PointDP Drill PlugFM Formation ChangeHP Hole ProblemsPP Pump PressurePR Penetration RateTD Total DepthTQ TorqueTW Twist-OffWC Weather ConditionsWO Washout Drill String

Inner & Outer Row: LocationCutting StructureInner Rows(Inner 2/3rd’s)Outer Rows(Outer 1/3rd)Average CutterWear(0-8)Average CutterWear(0-8)Primary DullCharacteristicLocation ofPrimary DullCharacteristicBearingGaugeBearing SealsUndersize(16th’s inch)RemarksOther DullCharacteristicReason PulledThe average wear in the inner & outerrows are calculated and recorded in thefirst two boxes.Inner 2/3rd’s of thebit diameterGauge cutters are excluded from thewear in the outer rowsOuter 1/3rd of thebit diameter

Tip: Inner & Outer Row: LocationThe highest cutter on each blade isthe approximate transition betweenthe Inner 2/3rd’s & Outer 1/3rdOuter 1/3rdInner 2/3rd’s

Inner & Outer: Cutter Wear (0-8)Cutting StructureInner Rows(Inner 2/3rd’s)Outer Rows(Outer 1/3rd)Average CutterWearAverage CutterWearGrade: 0-8Grade: 0-8Location ofPrimary DullCharacteristicPrimary DullCharacteristicBearingGaugeBearing SealsUndersize(16th’s inch)RemarksOther DullCharacteristicReason PulledA grading scale between 0-8 is used to note the amount of wear in the Inner & Outer rowsGrade012345678Wear0/81/82/83/84/85/86/87/88/8

Inner & Outer: Cutter Wear (0-8)Cutting StructureInner Rows(Inner 2/3rd’s)Outer Rows(Outer 1/3rd)23Primary DullCharacteristicLocation ofPrimary DullCharacteristicBearingGaugeBearing SealsUndersize(16th’s inch)RemarksOther DullCharacteristicReason PulledCalculating Average Cutter Wear for Inner & Outer Rows1) Grade each cutter with a 0 to 82) Add up the values3) Divide by the number of cutters4) Round to the nearest numberInner 2/3rd’s0123 3Example for only 1 bladeOuter 1/3rd34Example for only one BladeInner 2/3rd’s Row0 1 2 3 3 99 / 5 1.8 (round up)Inner 2/3rd’s Wear “2”32GaugeCutter(Not Included)Outer 1/3rd Row3 4 3 2 1212 / 4 3Outer 1/3rd Wear “3”

Tip: Inner & Outer: Cutter Wear The wear value (0-8) is the average wear condition, not the maximumamount of wear on one cutter. What is the minimum and maximum cutter wear? The average will be between the minimum and maximum values Is it closer to the minimum or maximum value? Establish the “4” cutter center line, 50% wear condition.Then estimate “2”, 25% wear condition.Does the cutter wear look closer to “1”, “2” or “3”. (See below)4Step 1)Establish the center line, “4”24Step 2)Estimate “2”, 50% fromcenter line to cutter tip1234Step 3)Is the wear closer to “1”,“2” or “3”?

Tip: Inner & Outer: Cutter Wear Cutters with no wear are oftenincorrectly graded 1-1 to indicatethe bit is used. 0-0 is the correct grading Gauge, Gauge Pad & Up Drillcutters are not included in theGaugeOuter Row cutter wear calculation.GaugePadUp Drill

Tip: Inner & Outer: Cutter Wear Secondary row cutters are includedin the Average Cutter Wearcalculation.“0”Double Row Cutter Cutter wear is measured across thediamond table and not the carbidesubstrate. If the diamond is missingand the carbide is intact, the cutter isgraded as an “8”.DL - Delaminated Cutter (Non-IADC)“1”

Tip: Inner & Outer: Cutter WearWhen the cutter is irregularlybroken, estimate the amount ofdiamond remainingFullDiameterGrade: “3”

Dull Characteristic: PrimaryCutting StructureInner Rows Average CutterWearOuter Rows –Average CutterWearPrimary DullCharacteristicLocation ofPrimary DullCharacteristicBearingGaugeBearing &SealsUndersize(16th’s inch)RemarksOther DullCharacteristicReason PulledWhat is the mostnotable cuttercondition?CutterBFBTCTERFCHCLTNORGWTBond FailureBroken CutterChipped CutterErosionFlat Crested WearHeat CheckingLost CutterNo CharacteristicRounded GaugeWorn CuttersDLSPUnofficial:DelaminationSpalled cutterSPE 23939 – Dull Characteristics – “The mostprominent or “primary” physical change from newcondition of the cutter is recorded in the 3rd box.“Other” dull characteristics of the bit are noted inthe 7th box. The difference being that 3rd boxdescribes cutter wear, while the 7th box mayconcern other wear characteristics of the bit as awhole.”

Dull Characteristic: PrimaryCutterNo No CharacteristicCutters are in new condition with no notable dull characteristics

Dull Characteristic: PrimaryCutterERErosionErosion of the carbide substrate

Dull Characteristic: PrimaryCutterFCFlat Crested WearSmooth, flat wear across the diamond andpossibly the carbide substrateFC – Flat Crested Wear can be classified as WT – Worn Cutter.However, FC - Flat Crested Wear is suggested when wear issmooth and flat.Gauge cutters are manufactured with cutter grind and shouldnot be graded FC – Flat Crested WearGauge Cutter, asper manufactured

Dull Characteristic: PrimaryCutterCTChipped CutterChipping on the diamond edgeChipping does do not extend into the carbide substrate (Non-IADC)

Dull Characteristic: PrimaryCutterBTBroken CutterFracture damage through the diamondtable and into the carbide substrate.BT - IADCBT - IADC

Dull Characteristic: PrimaryCutterWT Worn CuttersWT – Worn Cutters is non-planar wearor the combination of the following:CTBTERFCChipped CutterBroken CutterErosionFlat Crested WearNon-planer wear flatNon-planer wear flatNon-planer wear flat

Dull Characteristic: PrimaryCutterCutterCutterCutterCT – Chipped CutterBT – Broken CutterFC – Flat Crested WearWT – Worn CutterDiamond Edge ChippingFracture through thecarbide substrateFlat, Smooth WearNon Planar Wear or acombination of CT, BT, FC, ER

Dull Characteristic: PrimaryCutterHC Heat CheckingCracks on the carbidesubstrate Cylindrical body Wear flat

Dull Characteristic: PrimaryCutterLTLost CutterMissing cutter

Dull Characteristic: PrimaryCutterBFBond FailureSeparation between two carbide substrate pieces.BF – Bond Failure can also be used to describe SP - Spalling (Non-IADC) DL - Delamination (Non-IADC)LC – Lost Cutter: 100% loss of the carbide substrate and diamond

Dull Characteristic: PrimaryCutterCutterCutterBF - Bond Failure (IADC)SP - Spalling (Non IADC)DL - Delamination (Non IADC)Separation betweenSubstrate & SubstrateSeparation betweenDiamond & DiamondSeparation betweenDiamond & Substrate

Dull Characteristic: PrimaryCutterRG Rounded GaugeHigh amount of diamond lossin the upper shoulder togauge transition.The bit can be in-gauge orsignificantly under-gauge.Shoulder toGauge transition

Tip: Dull Characteristic Box 3 is dedicated for “Cutter” information. If there are no cutter dull characteristic, then indicate “NO”. If there are many notable characteristics on the bit, pickthe one that hindered performance or caused the bit to bepulled out of hole. For example: WT and not HC Only one cutter characteristic code in Box 3 Non-IADC practices: Multiple codes in one box. Ie. BT/HC DL – Cutter Delamination, separation at the diamond-carbidesubstrate interface. SP – Cutter Spalling, thin layers of diamond separated from thecutter face.

Location of Primary Dull CharacteristicCutting StructureInner Rows(Average CutterWear)Outer Rows(Average CutterWear)Primary DullCharacteristicLocation ofPrimary DullCharacteristicBearingGaugeBearing &SealsUndersize(16th’s inch)RemarksOther DullCharacteristicReason PulledC, N, S, T, G, ALocation ofPrimary AllMore than one Locationcan be notedG: GaugeS: Shoulder – CurvedT: Taper - StraightC: ConeN: NoseSPE 23939 – Location – “Used to indicate the location ofthe primary dull characteristic, 3rd box. One or more ofthese codes may be used to indicate the location.”

Tip: Location of Primary Dull “S” Shoulder – Rounded shoulder profiles are commonly used on PDC bits. “T” Taper – Flat taper profiles are not commonly used on PDC bits. Shoulder & Taper - The combination of a curved shoulder and flat taperprofile is extremely uncommon on PDC bits. Historically used on naturaldiamond and TSP products with long profiles.S: Shoulder – Curved (shown)T: Taper - Straight

Bearing & SealsCutting StructureInner Rows(Average CutterWear)Outer Rows(Average CutterWear)Primary DullCharacteristicLocation ofPrimary DullCharacteristicBearingGaugeBearing &SealsUndersize(16th’s inch)RemarksOther DullCharacteristicXFixed Cutter BitRoller Cone BitSPE 23939 – Bearing– “This box is used only for roller conebits. It will always be marked “X” for fixed cutter bitsReason Pulled

Gauge UndersizeCutting StructureInner Rows(Average CutterWear)Outer Rows(Average CutterWear)Primary DullCharacteristicLocation ofPrimary DullCharacteristicBearingGaugeBearing &SealsGaugeUndersizeRemarksOther DullCharacteristicReason Pulled# 16th InchGauge UndersizeI12348 In Gauge1/16th undersize2/16th undersize3/16th undersize4/16th undersize8/16th undersize 1 ½” 24/16” “24”Procedure:1) Use a “No-Go PDC” gauge ring2) Place the gauge ring over thelargest diameter: PDC cutter orGauge Pad3) Pull the ring tight to one side4) Measure the opposing size5) Record the distance to thenearest 1/16th of an inchSPE 23939 – Gauge – “6th Box isused to record the condition of thebit gauge. “I” is used for the bit stillin gauge. Otherwise, the amountthe bit is under gauge is recordedto the nearest 1/16th of an inch”Procedure:PullNo-Go PDCGauge Ring2/16” “2”

Tip: Gauge UndersizeGauge cutters are pre-ground during themanufacturing process. The amount of gaugecutter grind can vary by company and product line.

Tip: Gauge UndersizeThe gauge pad might be tapered orstepped. Thus, measure the largestdiameter, typically the gauge cutters.LargestDiameterStep Gauge1-2mm undersizeLargestDiameter?

Tip: Gauge Undersize “I” In-Gauge is commonly mistaken as “1”, 1/16th. Unofficially, “0” or “IN” are used in place of “I”. Use a “No-Go” gauge ring when dull grading PDC & Roller cones bits. “No-Go” gauge ring: Measures minimum OD tolerance. “Go” gauge ring: Measures maximum OD tolerance. PDC and Roller cone bits use different gauge rings.It is not suggested to use PDC & Roller cone rings interchangeably. PDC Bit tolerance: 0.000” to slightly undersized. Roller Cone Bit tolerance: -0.000” to slightly oversized.PDC & Fix Cutter BitDiameter RangeDiameter Tolerance(mm)Diameter Tolerance(inch)Up to and including 6 ¾” 0.00 / -0.38 0.000 / -0.015 6 ¾” and 9” 0.00 / -0.51 0.000 / -0.020 9” and 13 ¾” 0.00 / -0.76 0.000 / 0.030 13 ¾” and 17 ½” 0.00 / -1.14 0.000 / 0.045 17 ½” 0.00 / -1.60 0.000 / 0.063

Dull Characteristic: OtherCutting StructureInner Rows(Average CutterWear)Outer Rows(Average CutterWear)Primary DullCharacteristicLocation ofPrimary DullCharacteristicBearingGaugeBearing &SealsUndersize(16th’s inch)RemarksOther DullCharacteristicReason PulledWhat is the secondmost notablecondition?Cutter & Bit Body(Only the cutter dullcondition)Other Dull CharacteristicBit BodyCutterBFBTCTERFCHCLTNORGWTBond FailureBroken CutterChipped CutterErosionFlat Crested WearHeat CheckingLost CutterNo CharacteristicRounded GaugeWorn CuttersDLSPUnofficial:DelaminationSpalled cutterCRERHCJDROWOCoredErosionHeat CheckingJunk DamageRing OutWash OutBBUnofficialBroken BladeHydraulicBU Balled UpLN Lost NozzlePN Plugged NozzleGeneralNR Not RerunnableRR RerunnableNO No CharacteristicsSPE 23939 – Dull Characteristics –“Secondary evidence of bit wear is noted.Such evidence may relate specifically tocutting structure wear, as recorded in the 3rdbox, or may be identifiable wear of the bit asa whole, such as “erosion.” Many times this“secondary” dull grade identifies the cause ofthe dull characteristic noted in the 3rd Box.”

Dull Characteristic: OtherBit BodyERErosionLoss of bit body material: matrix, steel or hard facing

Dull Characteristic: OtherBit BodyHC Heat CheckingSurface cracks on the bit body

Dull Characteristic: OtherBit BodyCRCoredLoss of diamond in the center of the bit

Dull Characteristic: OtherBit BodyRO Ring OutLoss of diamond over a radial location, creating a “Ring”in the body.Note: CR – Coring is cutter loss in the center of the bit

Dull Characteristic: OtherBit BodyJDJunk DamageIrregular marks on the bit body, created by junk downhole

Dull Characteristic: OtherBit BodyWO Wash OutLoss of bit body material from the drilling fluid.

Dull Characteristic: Primary & OtherBit BodyBB Broken Blade(Non-IADC)Partial or complete loss of a blade

Dull Characteristic: OtherCutting StructureInner Rows(Average CutterWear)Outer Rows(Average CutterWear)Primary DullCharacteristicLocation ofPrimary DullCharacteristicBearingGaugeBearing &SealsUndersize(16th’s inch)RemarksOther DullCharacteristicReason PulledWhat is the secondmost notablecondition?Primary & Other Dull CharacteristicBit BodyCutterBFBTCTERFCHCLTNORGWTBond FailureBroken CutterChipped CutterErosionFlat Crested WearHeat CheckingLost CutterNo CharacteristicRounded GaugeWorn CuttersDLSPUnofficial:DelaminationSpalled cutterCRERHCJDROWOCoredErosionHeat CheckingJunk DamageRing OutWash OutBBUnofficialBroken BladeHydraulicBU Balled UpLN Lost NozzlePN Plugged NozzleGeneralNR Not RerunnableRR RerunnableNO No Characteristics

Dull Characteristic: OtherHydraulicBU Balled UpFormation attached to the bit body

Dull Characteristic: OtherHydraulicLNLost NozzleMissing nozzle from the bit body

Dull Characteristic: OtherHydraulicPN Plugged NozzleBlocked nozzle from: Motor stator debris Formation Junk dropped down the drill pipe

Dull Characteristic: Primary & OtherCutting StructureInner Rows(Average CutterWear)Outer Rows(Average CutterWear)Primary DullCharacteristicLocation ofPrimary DullCharacteristicBearingGaugeBearing &SealsUndersize(16th’s inch)RemarksOther DullCharacteristicReason PulledWhat is the secondmost notablecondition?Primary & Other Dull CharacteristicBit BodyCutterBFBTCTERFCHCLTNORGWTBond FailureBroken CutterChipped CutterErosionFlat Crested WearHeat CheckingLost CutterNo CharacteristicRounded GaugeWorn CuttersDLSPUnofficial:DelaminationSpalled cutterCRERHCJDROWOCoredErosionHeat CheckingJunk DamageRing OutWash OutBBUnofficialBroken BladeHydraulicBU Balled UpLN Lost NozzlePN Plugged NozzleGeneralNR Not RerunnableRR RerunnableNO No Characteristics

Dull Characteristic: Primary & OtherGeneralNR Not RerunnableRR RerunnableNO No CharacteristicsNR - Not Rerunnable Bit is in poor condition, due to: Cutter wear or damage Under gauge Damage to the bit bodyRR - Rerunnable Bit is suitable for additional runswith minor cutter wearNO - No Characteristics No notable wear or damage to thebit, suitable for Re-Run

Tip: Dull Characteristic: Other If there are many notable characteristics on the bit, pick theone that hindered performance or caused the bit to bepulled out of hole. For example: WT and not HC Use only one code in Box 7 Non-IADC practices: Multiple codes in one box. DL – Cutter Delamination, separation at the diamond-carbidesubstrate interface. SP – Cutter Spalling, thin layers of diamond separated from thecutter face. BC – Broken Cone used in place of BB - Broken Blade (Non-IADC)

Dull Grade SummaryCutting StructureInner Rows(Average CutterWear)Outer Rows(Average CutterWear)Primary DullCharacteristicLocation ofPrimary e(16th’s inch)Reason OChanged Bottom Hole AssemblyDownhole Motor FailureDrill String FailureDrill Stem TestDownhole Tool FailureRun LogsRig RepairCondition MudCore PointDrill PlugFormation ChangeHole ProblemsPump PressurePenetration RateTotal DepthTorqueTwist-OffWeather ConditionsWashout – Drill StringRemarksOther DullCharacteristicReason Pulled

Dull Grade Example #10-0-ER-C/N-X-I-ER-TD1st ER – Cutter characteristic2nd ER – Matrix body characteristic

Dull Grade Example #20-2-WT-N/S-X-I-LN-TD

Dull Grade Example #30-5-BT-S/G-X-I-ER-TD

for PDC Drill Bits SPE/IADC 23939 “First Revision to the IADC Fixed Cutter Dull Grading System” 1992. Version 2.4. How is Dull Grading Useful? Quick and simple way to describe the dull condition in an internationally recognized format A picture is worth a 1,000 words However, no bit photos are in the daily drilling report Identifies issues and improves future bit .

Related Documents:

PDC Host Software notes: PDC Host is the companion software interface to the PDC device. The application program provides for data import/collection from the PDC to the computer, active Alarm log from this data, listing the data files stored on the PDC, deleting all files on the PDC and configuring the PDC as well as the PDC Host.

Page 2 of 7 FEDERATED SEARCH 10 ADAPTER PACK 1 PDC Federated Search SDK 1 PDC EMC Documentum Web Content Management System WEB PUBLISHER SITE MGR ST Ver:6.5sp4 2 PDC WEB PUBLISHER WITH PAGE BUILDER 60 PDC Web Publisher Portlet Builder ST 3 PDC INTERACTIVE DELIVERY SERVICES SOURCE CORE 2 PDC

The IADC Daily Drilling Report (DDR) has been the standard in reporting activities on drilling rigs around the world for decades. Available both in paper form directly from IADC or licensed electronic formats (available through numerous commercial parties), the IADC DDR is the standard for reporting drilling performance.

The International Association of Drilling Contractors (IADC) is dedicated to enhancing the interests of oil and gas and geothermal drilling contractors worldwide. IADC's contract drilling members own most of the world's land and offshore drilling units and drill the vast majority of the wells that produce the planet's oil and gas. IADC's

Bruksanvisning för bilstereo . Bruksanvisning for bilstereo . Instrukcja obsługi samochodowego odtwarzacza stereo . Operating Instructions for Car Stereo . 610-104 . SV . Bruksanvisning i original

Feature Profile 52855 Extend Your PC to Your Phone with the Polycom Desktop Connector Polycom, Inc. 3 2 The PDC icon displays as an active program on your taskbar, as shown next. 3 Navigate to the PDC Configuration screen on your phone: For VVX 1500 phones, press the Menu key and tap Settings Basic PDC Configuration. For VVX 500 phones, tap Settings from Home view, and tap Basic PDC .

The IADC Daily Drilling Report (DDR) has been the standard in reporting activities on drilling rigs around the world for decades. Available both in paper form directly from IADC or licensed electronic formats (availabl

Introduction to Digital Logic with Laboratory Exercises 6 A Global Text. This book is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License Preface This lab manual provides an introduction to digital logic, starting with simple gates and building up to state machines. Students should have a solid understanding of algebra as well as a rudimentary understanding of basic electricity including .