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Annual Report 2015-2016

Research ThemesThe research themes of the initiative are explored through public lectures,seminars, conferences, films, research projects, and outreach. The Initiative currently conducts research on the following themes:1234Indian Urbanization: Governance, Politics and Political EconomyEconomic Inequalities and ChangePluralism and DiversitiesDemocracyAbove: Engaged audience at Student Fellowship PresentationFront Cover: Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus at Sunset. Mumbai, India. Image: Paul Prescot1

OP Jindal DistinguishedLecture SeriesTo promote a serious discussion of politics, economics, social and culturalchange in modern India, Sajjan and Sangita Jindal have endowed, inperpetuity, the OP Jindal Distinguished Lectures by major scholars andpublic figures. Fall 2015MONTEK SINGH AHLUWALIAIn October 2015, Montek Singh Ahluwaliadelivered the OP Jindal Distinguished Lectures.Ahluwalia has served as a high-level governmentofficial in India, as well as with the IMF and theWorld Bank. He has been a key figure in India’seconomic reforms since the mid-1980s. Mostrecently, Ahluwalia was Deputy Chairman of thePlanning Commission from July 2004 till May2014. In addition to this Cabinet level position,Ahluwalia was a Special Invitee to the Cabinetand several Cabinet Committees. In 2011, he wasawarded the prestigious Padma Vibhushan, India’ssecond highest civilian honor, for his outstandingcontribution to economic policy and public service.Ahluwalia has written on various aspects ofdevelopment economics, including Indianeconomic policy. His articles have been publishedin a number of professional international journals1OCTOBER 26India's Economic Performance:A Retrospective AssessmentCommentator:Abhijit Banerjee, MITChair:Ashutosh Varshney, Brown Univserity2Annual Report 2015–2016and also in books. He co-authored Re-distributionwith Growth: An Approach to Policy (1975). Healso wrote, “Reforming the Global FinancialArchitecture”, which was published in 2004 asEconomic paper No.41 by the CommonwealthSecretariat, London. Ahluwalia is an honoraryfellow of Magdalen College, Oxford and a memberof the Governing Council of the Global GreenGrowth Institute, a new international organizationbased in South Korea. He is a member of theAlpbach-Laxenburg Group established by theInternational Institute for Applied Systems Analysis(IIASA), and the Alpbach Economic Forum.Ahluwalia received a BA degree from St. StephensCollege, Delhi University. He went to Oxford as aRhodes Scholar and received an M.A. and an M.Phildegree in Economics. He has received severalhonorary doctorates, including the Doctor of CivilLaw (Honoris Causa) from Oxford University.2OCTOBER 28India's Future Prospects and Policy ImperativesCommentator:Lant Pritchett, Harvard UniversityChair:Christina Paxson, President, Brown University

Ahluwalia lectures to a full Joukowsky ForumAbhijit Banejee, Ashutosh Varshney, Montek AhluwaliaStudents pose with Ahluwalia3

OP Jindal DistinguishedLecture SeriesSPRING 2016SALMAN KHURSHIDIn spring 2016, Indian politician, lawyer, andwriter Salman Khurshid delivered the OP JindalDistinguished lectures on India-Pakistan relationsand India’s Muslims. Mr. Khurshid started hispolitical career as an Officer on Special Dutyin the Prime Minister's Office, during the PrimeMinistership of Indira Gandhi in the early1980s. Later he became the Deputy Minister ofCommerce, and then Minister of State for ExternalAffairs from 1991-1996. During this period he wasa Member of Parliament from the Farrukhabadconstituency in Uttar Pradesh. In the GeneralElection of 2009, he was once again electedas a Member of Parliament from Farrukhabad,winning as a candidate of the Indian NationalCongress. He became the Union Minister of Statewith Independent Charge of Corporate Affairsand Minority Affairs in the Government of India.Subsequently, he was elevated to Cabinet MinisterSalman Khurshid, Kevin McLaughlin, and Ashutosh Varshney4Annual Report 2015–2016first of Water Resources with Minority Affairs; thenLaw & Justice and finally Foreign Minister of India.Mr. Khurshid has been the President of the UttarPradesh Congress Committee twice. He was alsothe President of the Delhi Public School Societyand Dr. Zakir Husain Study Circle. He is the authorof the play Sons of Babur (2008) published byRupa & Co., which has been staged, (over 25performances) with Tom Alter in the lead role.He also edited The Contemporary Conservative:Selected Writings of Dhiren Bhagat (Viking 1990).Books he has written include Beyond Terrorism:New Hope for Kashmir (South Asia Books 1994),At Home in India: The Muslim Saga (Hay House2014) and The Other Side of the Mountain (HayHouse 2016). Mr. Khurshid studied at St. Stephen'sCollege, Delhi and St Edmund Hall, Oxford, UK .He was also a Lecturer in Law at Trinity College,Oxford.

Full house for Khurshid's lecture, India-Pakistan Relations: Can We Move Forward?Salman Khurshid and Ashutosh Varshney at reception1APRIL 29India's Muslims Since IndependenceChair:Kevin McLaughlin, Brown University2MAY 2India-Pakistan Relations:Can We Move Forward?Chair:Edward Steinfeld, Brown University5

Brown-India InitiativeSeminarsThe Brown-India Initiative Seminar is a central interdisciplinary offering ofthe Initiative. This series of public lectures facilitates a convergence of figuresfrom across the lines of academia, civil society, literature, public policy, andjournalism to contribute to the discourse on contemporary India. Full House for Besky's The Land in Gorkhaland: Rethinking Belonging in Darjeeling, IndiaDennis Dalton6Annual Report 2015–2016Rajesh Veeraraghavan

FALL 2015123OCTOBER 1Rustom Bharucha, JawarharlalNehru UniversityThe Aftermath: Reflections on Terrorand PerformanceOCTOBER 2Dennis Dalton, Professor Emeritus, BarnardCollege, Columbia UniversityGandhi at the Center of Modern IndianIntellectual DiscourseOCTOBER 16Sarah Besky, Brown UniversityThe Land in Gorkhaland: RethinkingBelonging in Darjeeling, IndiaSPRING 201612FEBRUARY 19Atul Pokharel, Brown UniversityWhen Courts Plan: The Greening ofNew Delhi's Auto RickshawsFEBRUARY 25Ram Singh, University of DelhiUsing Eminent Domain to Acquire PrivateProperties: The Actors and the Outcomes456345NOVEMBER 13Asad Ali Ahmed, Harvard UniversityOf Panopticons, Pannomions and theCorpo–Real: Bentham and theUniversalization of ‘Blasphemy’NOVEMBER 20Lisa Bjorkman, University of Göttingen,Germany & University of LouisvillePipe Politics, Contested Waters: EmbeddedInfrastructures of Millennial MumbaiDECEMBER 2Neelanjan Sicar, University of PennsylvaniaBihar and Beyond: The 2015 Bihar Electionand its Implications for Indian PoliticsMARCH 11Rajesh Veeraraghavan, Brown UniversityOpen Governance and DemocratizingSurveillance: A Study of NREGA inAndhra Pradesh, IndiaMARCH 21Aishwary Kumar, Stanford UniversitySevereignty and the Unforgiveable:Ambedkar on the Logic of the Death PenaltyAPRIL 8Sheetal Chhabria, Connectitcut CollegeThe Global Housing Crisis in Colonial Bombay7

Brown-Harvard-MIT JointSeminar on South Asian PoliticsThe Brown-Harvard-MIT joint seminar on South Asian politics approachessome of the big questions of politics, political economy and security, on whichthe South Asian region in general, and India in particular, offers engagingperspectives. The series is co-sponsored by the Watson Institute at BrownUniversity, the South Asia Institute and Weatherhead Center for InternationalAffairs at Harvard University, and the MIT Center for International Studies. 123SEPTEMBER 25Aseema Sinha, Claremont McKennaDegrees of Clientelism in the World'sLargest DemocracyOCTOBER 9Sandip Sukhtankar, Dartmouth CollegeHow Does MNREGA Affect Rural LaborMarkets and Incomes? Evidence From aLarge-scale ExperimentNOVEMBER 13Devesh Kapur, University of PennsylvaniaElectrifying India: Regional PoliticalEconomies of Development4567FEBRUARY 5Adam Ziegfeld, George WashingtonUniversityWhy Regional Parties? Clientelism, Elites,and the Indian Party SystemFEBRUARY 26Dean Spears, RICE InstituteNeighborhood Sanitation and Infant MortalityMARCH 4Christopher Clary, Brown UniversityVoters and Foreign Policy: Evidence from aSurvey Experiment in PakistanAPRIL 22Atul Kohli, Princeton UniversityEast India Company Revisitedwww.southasianpolitics.net8Annual Report 2015–2016

ORGANIZING COMMITTEE:123CHAIRAshutosh VarshneySol Goldman Professor of International Studiesand the Social Sciences, Brown UniversityCO-DIRECTORSVipin NarangAssociate Professor of Political Science,Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyPatrick HellerProfessor of Sociology and InternationalStudies, Brown University45Prerna SinghMahatma Gandhi Assistant Professor ofPolitical Science and International Studies,Brown UniversityAkshay ManglaAssistant Professor of BusinessAdministration, Harvard Business School9

Book AddaThe book adda series continued in popularity in 2015-2016. Adda means a sitefor collective deliberation in South Asia. This series, features panel discussionsof important new books written by our colleagues, or those significantly involvedwith us as intellectual interlocutors. 1SEPTEMBER 18Tariq Thachil's Elite Parties, Poor Voters:Social Services as Electoral Strategy in IndiaAuthors:Tariq Thachil, Yale University2Commentators:Patrick Heller, Brown UniversityDan Slater, University of ChicagoRebecca Weitz-Shapiro, Brown UniversityAshutosh Varshney, Brown UniversityFEBRUARY 12Kanchan Chandra's Democratic Dynasties:State, Party and Family in ContemporaryIndian PoliticsAuthors:Anjali Bohlken, University of British ColumbiaKanchan Chandra, New York UniversityCommentators:Pradeep Chhibber, University of California,BerkeleyDaniel Smith, Harvard UniversityTariq Thachil introduces Elite Voters, Poor Parties10 Annual Report 2015–2016

Kanchan Chandra, author of Democratic DynastiesAshutosh Varshney and Tariq Thachill respond toquestions from the audience11

Urban South AsiaReading GroupLaunched in Fall 2013, the reading group meets occassionally during the academic year with thegoal of bringing together people at Brown with an interest in urban South Asia. The group has twoprimary activities 1) small, informal workshops at which ongoing research work on urban SouthAsia, both at Brown and by visitors, is presented to the group for discussion; 2) key publicationsand research on urban South Asia are read and discussed. The group includes graduate andundergraduate students, as well as faculty from the Watson Institute, Anthropology, PoliticalScience, and Sociology.The Gilded AgesResearch GroupA collaboration initiated by Brown political science faculty members James Morone, EdwardSteinfeld, and Ashutosh Varshney, in the Spring 2014, the Gilded Ages Research Group aimsto study rapid urbanization and industrialization across three comparative cases:contemporary India, contemporary China, and late nineteenth century America. The groupparticularly seeks to understand a series of phenomena generally associated with “gilded ages”periods - rapid urban infrastructural build-out, extensive inbound migration to cities, machinepolitics, corruption, labor unrest, and blurred public-private boundaries. The group considersthe extent to which rapid urbanization and industrialization can be described as a singularphenomenon across time and place, and whether the nature of political institutions andregime type at the national level actually affects the nature of politics and state-societyrelations within the city.12 Annual Report 2015–2016

PRESENTATIONS 2015–20161234SEPTEMBER 24Adam Auerbach, American UniversityThe Political Economy of Party NetworkOrganization and Development in India'sUrban Slums5OCTOBER 22Joel Andreas, Johns Hopkins UniversityThe Brief, Tumultuous History of "BigDemocracy" in China's Factories6NOVEMBER 12Margaret Pearson, University of MarylandLocal Government and Firm Innovation inChina: The Case of the CleanEnergy Sector7MARCH 3Michael Levien, Johns Hopkins UniversityDifferentiation by Speculation: Real Estate andAgrarian Change in a Rajasthani VillageMARCH 24Amy Hanser, University of British ColumbiaOpting Out? Gated Consumption, InfantFormula, and China’s AffluentUrban ConsumersAPRIL 21Dorothy Solinger, University of Calirfornia IrvineWhen Chinese Central Orders and PromotionCriteria Conflict: ImplementationDECEMBER 3Wendy Schiller, Brown UniversityMachine Politics, Corruption, and the Path tothe U.S. Senate 1871-1913.Photo by CCSA Fellow, Rebecca Barron13

Co-Sponsored ProgramsIn its fourth year, the Initiative co-sponsored events with many departmentsacross campus. 123OCTOBER 24Hari Kondabolu, ComedianWith Asian American Heritage SeriesNOVEMBER 19Rahul Sirohi, Tata Institute of Social SciencesAlternate Paths to Economic Development:A Comparative Analysis of Brazil and India inthe Era of NeoliberalismWith the Brazil InitiativeFEBRUARY 25University and Dissent: Universities UnderSeige (teach-in)With South Asian Studies and RISDParticipants of the University and Dissent teach-in14 Annual Report 2015–2016456MARCH 8Nakul Swahney, FilmmakerMuzaffarnagar Baaqi Hai Screening and Q&AWith South Asian StudiesMARCH 14-15Materializing Sanctity, Enacting Authority: Text,Image, and Performance in India & ChinaWith International Graduate Colloquium FundMAY 5Sarnath Banerjee, Visual ArtistA Conversation with Sanarth BanerjeeWith South Asian Studies

Jaanagraha Research PartnershipThe Janaagraha-Brown Citizenship Index (JB-CI) Report was released in December 2014 at a conferencein Bangalore. The report seeks to measure the quality of citizenship in urban India by evaluating citizenengagement and public service provision. Co-authored by Ebony Bertorelli (Janaagraha), SiddarthSwaminathan (Azim Premji University) and Ashutosh Varshney and Patrick Heller (Brown-IndiaInitiative), the report is the result of a collaborative project between Brown University and Janaagraha, aBangalore based not-for-profit organization working on the quality of life in urban India. The project hastwo aims: (i) construction of various measures of citizenship, including a citizenship index - a measurablestatistical index assessing the quality of citizenship across individuals within a city; and (ii) examinationof the determinants of basic service delivery in urban centres. The report asks how citizenship isdistributed across the various categories of class, caste and religion. Who shows higher levels ofcitizenship? The report also asks how basic services - education, health, power, sanitation, water, etc.- are provided to the city and how citizens experience the bureaucracies and organizations associatedwith such services. How does citizenship matter relative to caste, class and religion?15

Brown-India InitiativeFellows 2015The Initiative awarded funds for research projects and summer internshipsto five undergraduate students, three graduate students, and two faculty. Theprojects selected for funding represent a variety of research topics related tosocial, political, cultural, and economic change in India. In the fall, studentfellows from the previous year presented their work in two workshops. FACULTY FELLOWS1Sarah BeskyAssistant Professor of Anthropology andInternational and Public Affairs16 Annual Report 2015–20162Patrick HellerProfessor of Sociology and International andPublic Affairs

GRADUATE FELLOWS11232Anindita AdhikariSociology New DelhiIn Search of the Developmental Stateat the FrontlinesKaustav ChakrabartiPolitical Science IndiaWhy State-Coercion Elicits ContrastingCivilian Behavior?3Rajeev KadambiPolitical Science IndiaMarxian Anticolonialism and Humanist Utopias: A Critical ReadingOCTOBER 16 & 23India Initiative Student Fellow Presentations17

UNDERGRADUATE FELLOWS211234Elana Pyfrom '17ChennaiToxocology Studies in HIV and Diabetesat YRG CarePranav Sharma '17New Delhi & BangaloreMental Health Care and the State: PoliticalChallenges of Instituting Health SystemsReforms in IndiaSachin Pendse '17DharamsalaSocial Media Networks and CulturalIdentity Among the Tibetan Communityof Dharamsala18 Annual Report 2015–20163545Sydney Tan '17DharamsalaStressing Out Holistcally: The role of Stressin Tibetan Medical SchoolTenzin Lama '16MumbaiHousing and Land Rights inContemporary Mumbai

Additionally Funded StudentsGirija Borker PhD Candidate, EconomicsJharkhand, IndiaEnrollment and Learning Effects of EthnicInteraction Between Students and Teachersin Jharkhand, IndiaSteven Brownstone Undergrad '16Dhaka, BangladeshKeeping it in the Family: The Role ofFamily Social Networks in MigrationChristopher Lingelbach Undergrad '19New Delhi, IndiaExamining the Water Policy Challenge:Can Water Use Embedding lead the wayAnish Aitharaju Undergrad '18New Delhi, IndiaMental Health as a Social Stigma in India19

Visiting ScholarsRamesh RamanathanRamesh Ramanathan is a social entrepreneur, and works onurban issues in India. He is co-founder of Janaagraha Centrefor Citizenship and Democracy, a non-profit focused ontransforming quality of life in Urban India. He is also Chairmanof Janalakshmi Social Services, a not-for-profit social businessholding company that has promoted enterprises in urbanfinancial inclusion and urban affordable housing.Ramesh works closely with government on urban issues ina pro-bono capacity. His current positions include being theNational Technical Advisor, Government of India for theJawarharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission, thecountry’s flagship urban mission. Prior to his social initiatives,Ramesh held leadership positions with Citibank in New Yorkand London, in the bank’s capital markets business. Rameshhas an MS in Physics from BITS Pilani, an MBA from YaleUniversity and a CFA from AIMR. In 2007, he was chosen asa Young Global Leader by the World Economic Forum.Swati RamanathanSwati Ramanathan is co-founder of Janaagraha Centrefor Citizenship and Democracy — a thinker-practitioner“do-tank” — committed to transforming India’s cities andcitizenship. Janaagraha takes a systems approach toaddressing urban challenges, working both with citizensat the grassroots, as well as with all three federal tiers ofgovernment. Ms. Ramanathan leads Janaagraha’s innovationsin technology for greater government accountability andcitizen participation. She has received internationalrecognition for ipaidabribe.com on retail corruption; andichangemycity.com on hyper local citizen participation, mostrecently winning Google’s Global Impact Challenge, 2013.Ms Ramanathan is also Chairperson of Jana Urban SpaceFoundation, commited to improving urban planning and urbandesign in India’s cities. She was honored by the Government ofRajasthan with the Rajyotsava Puraskar — Rajasthan’s highestcivilian award — for her work on the Jaipur 2025 Master plan.She has prepared the National Urban Spatial Planning andDevelopment (NUSPD) 2013 Guidelines, for planning India’scities, at the behest of the Ministry of Urban Development,and the Planning Commission, Government of India.20 Annual Report 2015–2016

Siddharth SwaminathanSiddharth Swaminathan is a Professor of Political Science atAzim Premji University in Karnataka, India. Swaminathan teachescourses on Politics in India, Welfare Rights, and Empirical PolicyAnalysis. He received an MA and PhD in political science from theClaremont Graduate University. His research focuses on politicaldemography, voter behavior, citizenship and urban governancein India. Prior to joining Azim Premji University, he held facultypositions at the Institute for Social and Economic Change, LaSierra University and California State University.His most recent publications include: Statistical Methods andPolitical Analysis: Examining the 'Economic Vote' in IndianParliamentary Elections (Knowing the Social World: Challengesand Responses, 2015) and Politics, Development, and Deaths:Comparing China and India (Konark Publishers Private Ltd, 2015)Ram SinghRam Singh is an Associate Professor at the Delhi School ofEconomics, University of Delhi. He holds Ph.D. (JNU, New Delhi)and Post-Doctorate (Harvard) degrees in Economics. His areas ofresearch interests are Contract Theory, Public Economics, PublicPrivate Partnerships, and Law and Economics. He is arecipient ofFulbright, Commonwealth and Erasmus Mundus Fellowships inEconomics Ronald Coase Fellowships in Economics. His recentpublications include “The Inefficiency of Compulsory LandAcquisition” in the Economic and Political Weekly, 2012; “TheEfficiency of Comparative Causation” (with Francesco Parisi) in theReview of Law and Economics 2011; “Delays and Cost Overruns inInfrastructure Projects: Extents, Causes and Remedies” in theEconomic and Political Weekly, 2010; “Comparative Vigilance”(with Allan Feldman), in the American Law and EconomicsReview, 2009.He has taught at the Delhi School of Economics, Brown University,University of Hamburg, Jawaharlal Nehru University, and has beenCommonwealth Fellow at the London School of Economics. He isCo-editor of the Indian Economic Review.21

Publications Supported by InitiviativeRupa & Co, 2015MIT Press, 2015Over the years the Initiative has supported several intellectual and public figures by providingthe impetus to coallate materials for distinguished lecture series or while writing in residence atBrown. For example, Narendar Pani of the National Institute of Advanced Studies in Bangalore,India, drafted the article, "Historical insights into modern corruption: Descriptive moralities andcooperative corruption in an Indian city” (Griffith Law Review 2016), while in residence with theInitiative. The publications above were supported in a similar manner by the Initiative.22 Annual Report 2015–2016

Books by Our FacultyBhrigupati SinghAssistant Professor of AnthropolgyAwarded the Joseph W. Elder Prize in the Indian SocialSciences and the 2016 Award for Excellence in the Study ofReligion in the category of Analytical-Descriptive Studies.University of Chicago Press, 2015Prerna SinghMahatma Gandhi Assistant Professor of Political Scienceand International StudiesAwarded five prizes for her research: the Woodrow WilsonFoundation Prize, the Barrington Moore Prize from theAmerican Sociological Association, the Leubbert prize fromComparative Politics, the Mary Parker Follett Prize from theAmerican Political Science Associatio, and the best articleprize in the Sociology of Development by the AmericanSociological Association.Cambridge University Press, 201523

Steering Committee123Ashutosh VarshneyDirector, Brown-India InitiativeSol Goldman Professor of InternationalStudies and the Social SciencesProfessor of Political Scienceashutosh varshney@brown.eduAndrew FosterProfessor of Economicsand Community HealthDirector, Population Studiesand Training Centerandrew foster@brown.eduLeela GandhiJohn Hawkes Professsor ofHumanities and Englishleela gandhi@brown.edu24 Annual Report 2015–201645Patrick HellerProfessor of Sociologyand International StudiesDirector, Graduate Program in Developementpatrick heller@brown.eduBhrigupati SinghAssistant Professor of Anthropologyand International Studiesbhrigupati singh@brown.edu

StaffStephanie Abbott-PandeyProgram Managerstephanie abbott@brown.eduJustine BrownAdministrative Coordinatorjustine brown@brown.edu25

Steinfeld, and Ashutosh Varshney, in the Spring 2014, the Gilded Ages Research Group aims to study rapid urbanization and industrialization across three comparative cases: contemporary India,

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