SKYSAT IMAGERY - Planet

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TerraBella Paris s103 20170822Perth, Australia SkySatSKYSAT IMAGERYPRODUCT SPECIFICATIONPLANET.COMNOVEMBER 2018

Skysat Imagery Product SpecificationTABLE OF CONTENTSCOLLECTION TYPES3STANDARD IMAGE3VIDEO3PRODUCT TYPESSCENES44Basic5Ortho6Scene Metadata11COLLECTS1 6Ortho1 6Ortho Metadata17BASEMAP MOSAIC TILES1 8VIDEO1 9 Planet 2018. All rights reserved.This document is designed as a general guideline for customers interested in acquiring Planet imagery products and services.Planet takes an agile and iterative approach to its technology, and therefore may make changes to the product(s) describedin this document. Planet Labs Inc. 20182

Skysat Imagery Product SpecificationCOLLECTION TYPESSTANDARD IMAGEFigure 1: A single “site,” or a standard SkySatimage deliverable. Image width varies withsatellite and collection angle; 6.6 kmrepresents the minimum width.VIDEOFull motion videos are collected between 30 and 120 seconds by a single camera from any of the active SkySats.Videos are collected using only the Panchromatic half of the camera, hence all videos are PAN only.Videos are packaged and delivered with a video mpeg-4 file, plus all image frames with accompanying videometadata and a frame index file (reference Product Types below). Planet Labs Inc. 20183

Skysat Imagery Product SpecificationPRODUCT TYPESSCENESBasicThe SkySat Basic Scene product includes Analytic, Analytic DN, and Panchromatic imagery that is uncalibratedand in a raw digital number format. The Basic Scene Product is not corrected for any geometric distortionsinherent in the imaging process.Imagery data is accompanied by Rational Polynomial Coefficients (RPCs) to enable orthorectification by theuser. This product is designed for users with advanced image processing capabilities and a desire togeometrically correct the product themselves.The SkySat Basic Scene Product has a sensor-based framing, and is not mapped to a cartographic projection. Analytic - unorthorectified, radiometrically corrected, multispectral BGRNAnalytic DN - unorthorectified, multispectral BGRNPanchromatic DN - unorthorectified, panchromatic (PAN)Table 1: SkySat Basic Scene Product AttributesSKYSAT BASIC SCENE PRODUCT ATTRIBUTESProduct AttributeDescriptionProduct Componentsand FormatImage File – GeoTIFF formatMetadata File – JSON formatRational Polynomial Coefficients – Text FileUDM File – GeoTIFF formatInformation ContentImage Configurations4-band Analytic DN Image (Blue, Green, Red, NIR)1-band Panchromatic DN Image (Pan)Product OrientationSpacecraft/Sensor OrientationProduct FramingScene based: Planet Labs Inc. 20184

Skysat Imagery Product SpecificationSkySat Satellites have three cameras per satellite, which capture overlapping strips. Each ofthese strips contain overlapping scenes.One scene is approximately 2560px x 1080px.Sensor TypeCMOS Frame Camera with Panchromatic and Multispectral halvesSpectral BandsBlue: 450 - 515 nmGreen: 515 - 595 nmRed: 605 - 695 nmNIR: 740 - 900 nmPan: 450 - 900 nmProcessingBasic SceneProduct Bit Depth16-bit Unsigned Integer Multispectral and Panchromatic ImageryRadiometric CorrectionsCross-Sensor Non Uniformity Correction (1%)Conversion to absolute radiometric values based on calibration coefficientsCalibration coefficients regularly monitored and updated with on-orbit calibration techniquesGeometric CorrectionsIdealized sensor model and Rational Polynomial Coefficients (RPC)Bands are co-registeredHorizontal DatumWGS84Map ProjectionN/AResampling KernelResampling of Analytic Multispectral Data to 1.0m GSDGround Sample Distance[SkySat-1, SkySat-2]Panchromatic: 0.86mMultispectral: 1.0m[SkySat-3 - SkySat-13]Panchromatic: 0.72mMultispectral: 1.0mGeometric Accuracy Planet Labs Inc. 2018 50m RMSE5

Skysat Imagery Product SpecificationOrthoThe SkySat Ortho Scene product includes Visual, Analytic DN, Analytic, Panchromatic, and PansharpenedMultispectral imagery. The Ortho Scene product is sensor- and geometrically-corrected, and is projected to acartographic map projection. The geometric correction uses fine Digital Elevation Models (DEMs) with a postspacing of between 30 and 90 meters.Ground Control Points (GCPs) are used in the creation of every image and the accuracy of the product will varyfrom region to region based on available GCPs. Visual - pansharpened, orthorectified, color corrected RGBPansharpened Multispectral - pansharpened, orthorectified, color corrected BGRNAnalytic - orthorectified, radiometrically corrected, multispectral BGRNAnalytic DN - orthorectified, multispectral BGRNPanchromatic DN - orthorectified, panchromatic (PAN)Table 2: SkySat Ortho Scene Product AttributesSKYSAT ORTHO SCENE PRODUCT ATTRIBUTESProduct AttributeDescriptionProduct Componentsand FormatImage File – GeoTIFF formatMetadata File – JSON formatRational Polynomial Coefficients – Text FileUDM File – GeoTIFF formatInformation ContentProduct FramingScene Based:SkySat Satellites have three cameras per satellite, which capture overlapping strips.Each of these strips contain overlapping scenes.One scene is approximately 2560px x 1080px.Sensor TypeCMOS Frame Camera with Panchromatic and Multispectral halvesSpectral BandsBlue: 450 - 515 nmGreen: 515 - 595 nmRed: 605 - 695 nmNIR: 740 - 900 nmPan: 450 - 900 nm Planet Labs Inc. 20186

Skysat Imagery Product SpecificationProcessingRadiometric CorrectionsCross-Sensor Non Uniformity Correction (1%)Conversion to absolute radiometric values based on calibration coefficientsCalibration coefficients regularly monitored and updated with on-orbit calibration techniquesGeometric CorrectionsSensor-related effects are corrected using sensor telemetry and a sensor model.Orthorectification uses GCPs and fine DEMs (30 m to 90 m posting).Horizontal DatumWGS84Map ProjectionUTMResampling KernelCubic ConvolutionGeometric Accuracy 10 m RMSE Planet Labs Inc. 20187

Skysat Imagery Product SpecificationSkysat Visual Ortho SceneThe SkySat Visual Ortho Scene product is orthorectified, pansharpened, and color-corrected (using a colorcurve) 3-band RGB Imagery.Table 3: SkySat Visual Ortho Scene AttributesSKYSAT VISUAL ORTHO SCENE ATTRIBUTESProduct AttributeDescriptionVisual BandsVisual: 3-band Pansharpened Image (PS Red, PS Green, PS Blue)Ground Sample DistanceMultispectral: 1.0 mPanchromatic: 0.72 mProcessingPixel Size (Orthorectified)0.8 mBit Depth8-bit Unsigned IntegerGeometric CorrectionsSensor-related effects are corrected using sensor telemetry and a sensor model.Orthorectification uses GCPs and fine DEMs (30m to 90m posting).Positional AccuracyLess than 10 m RMSEColor EnhancementsEnhanced for visual useSkysat Pansharpened Multispectral Ortho SceneThe SkySat Pansharpened Multispectral Scene product is orthorectified, pansharpened 4-band BGRN Imagery.Table 4: SkySat Pansharpened Multispectral Scene AttributesSKYSAT PANSHARPENED MULTISPECTRAL SCENE ATTRIBUTESProduct AttributeDescriptionAnalytic BandsMultispectral: 4-band Pansharpened Image (PS Blue, PS Green, PS Red, PS NIR)Ground Sample DistanceMultispectral: 1.0 mPanchromatic: 0.72 mProcessingPixel Size (Orthorectified) Planet Labs Inc. 20180.8 m8

Skysat Imagery Product SpecificationBit Depth16-bit Unsigned IntegerGeometric CorrectionsSensor-related effects are corrected using sensor telemetry and a sensor model.Orthorectification uses GCPs and fine DEMs (30m to 90m posting).Positional AccuracyLess than 10 m RMSESkysat Analytic Ortho Scene - Top Of Atmosphere RadianceAnalytic products are calibrated multispectral imagery products that have been processed to allow analysts toderive information products for data science and analytics. The imagery has radiometric corrections applied tocorrect for any sensor artifacts and transformation to top-of-atmosphere radiance.Table 5: SkySat Analytic Ortho Scene AttributesSKYSAT ANALYTIC ORTHO SCENE ATTRIBUTESProduct AttributeDescriptionAnalytic Bands4-band Analytic Image (B, G, R, N)Pixel Size1.0 mImage Bit Depth16-bit Unsigned IntegerProjectionUTM WGS84Resampling KernelCubic ConvolutionRadiometric Corrections Radiometric AccuracyAbsolute Radiance derived using vicarious calibration methodsProduct is radiometrically calibrated to radiance units [W/(µm * m 2 * str)], and scaledby 100 to reduce quantization errorsCalibration regularly monitored and updated with on-orbit calibration techniques. /- 5% Relative accuracy at 10 degrees off-nadir angleSkysat Analytic Dn Ortho SceneThe SkySat Analytic DN Ortho Scene product is orthorectified, multispectral data from the SkySat constellation.The Analytic DN product is an uncalibrated, digital number imagery product. This product is designed for awide variety of applications that require imagery with an accurate geolocation and cartographic projection.The product has been processed to remove distortions caused by terrain. It eliminates the perspective effect onthe ground (not on buildings), restoring the geometry of a vertical shot. In addition to orthorectification, theimagery has radiometric corrections applied to correct for any sensor artifacts. The initial availability does notinclude transformation to at-sensor radiance.Table 6: SkySat Analytic DN Ortho Scene AttributesSKYSAT ANALYTIC DN ORTHO SCENE ATTRIBUTES Planet Labs Inc. 20189

Skysat Imagery Product SpecificationProduct AttributeDescriptionAnalytic Bands4-band Analytic DN Image (B, G, R, N)Ground Sample Distance1.0 mProcessingPixel Size (Orthorectified)1.0 mBit Depth16-bit Unsigned IntegerGeometric CorrectionsSensor-related effects are corrected using sensor telemetry and a sensor model.Orthorectification uses GCPs and fine DEMs (30m to 90m posting).Positional AccuracyLess than 10 m RMSERadiometric CalibrationAccuracyInitial availability: No correction applied; pixel values are digital numbersSkysat Panchromatic Dn Ortho SceneThe SkySat Panchromatic Ortho Scene product is orthorectified, panchromatic data from the SkySatconstellation. The Panchromatic DN product is an uncalibrated, digital number imagery product. ThePanchromatic product has a finer GSD than the Analytic Product due to NOAA license restrictions, and is usefulfor visual interpretation as well as pan-sharpening of coarser resolution Multispectral data. The initial availabilitydoes not include transformation to at-sensor radiance.Table 7: SkySat Panchromatic Ortho Scene AttributesSKYSAT PANCHROMATIC ORTHO SCENE ATTRIBUTESProduct AttributeDescriptionAnalytic Bands1-band Panchromatic ImageGround Sample Distance0.72 mProcessingPixel Size (Orthorectified)0.8 mBit Depth16-bit Unsigned IntegerGeometric CorrectionsSensor-related effects are corrected using sensor telemetry and a sensor model.Orthorectification uses GCPs and fine DEMs (30m to 90m posting).Positional AccuracyLess than 10 m RMSERadiometric CalibrationAccuracyInitial availability: No correction applied: pixel values are digital numbers Planet Labs Inc. 201810

Skysat Imagery Product SpecificationScene MetadataBasic Scene GeoJSON metadataTable 8: Skysat Basic Scene Geojson Metadata SchemaSKYSAT BASIC SCENE GEOJSON METADATA SCHEMAParameterDescriptionTypeacquiredThe RFC 3339 acquisition time of the image.stringcamera idThe specific detector used to capture thescene.String (e.g. “d1”, “d2”)cloud coverThe estimated percentage of the scenecovered by clouds.number (0-100)ground controlIf the image meets the positional accuracyspecifications this value will be true. If theimage has uncertain positional accuracy,this value will be false.booleangsdThe ground sampling distance of the imageacquisition.numberitem typeThe name of the item type that modelsshared imagery data schema.string (e.g. “PSScene3Band”, ”SkySatScene”)providerName of the imagery provider.string ("planetscope","rapideye", “skysat”)publishedThe RFC 3339 timestamp at which this itemwas added to the API.stringquality categoryMetric for image quality. To qualify for“standard” image quality an image mustmeet a variety of quality standards, forexample: PAN motion blur less than 1.15pixels, compression bits per pixel less than 3.If the image does not meet these criteria itis considered “test” quality.string (“standard”, “test”)satellite azimuthAngle from true north to the satellite vectorat the time of imaging, projected on thehorizontal plane in degrees.number (0 - 360)satellite idGlobally unique identifier of the satellitethat acquired the underlying imagery.stringstrip idGlobally unique identifier of the image stripthis scene was collected againststring Planet Labs Inc. 201811

Skysat Imagery Product Specificationsun azimuthAngle from true north to the sun vectorprojected on the horizontal plane indegrees.number (0 - 360)sun elevationElevation angle of the sun in degrees.number (0 - 90)updatedThe RFC 3339 timestamp at which this itemwas updated in the API.stringview angleSpacecraft across-track off-nadir viewingangle used for imaging, in degrees with being east and - being west.number (-90 - 90)Basic Scene RPC metadataTable 9: Skysat Basic Scene Text file Metadata SchemaParameterDescriptionSampleLINE OFFRow offset of center point534.896219421794SAMP OFFColumn offset of center point1267.3960612691LAT OFFLatitude coordinate of center point-18.1132LONG OFFLongitude coordinate of center point178.4441HEIGHT OFFAltitude of center point123LINE SCALEScaling factor for row coordinate534.896219421794SAMP SCALEScaling factor for column coordinate1267.39606126914LAT SCALEScaling factor for latitude coordinates-0.0264LONG SCALEScaling factor for longitude coordinates0.0331HEIGHT SCALEScaling factor for altitude coordinates77LINE NUM COEFFNumerator coefficient in row RPC equation (1-20)4.27902854674LINE DEN COEFFDenominator Coefficient in row RPC equation(1-20)0.00174493132019SAMP NUM COEFFNumerator coefficient in column RPCequation(1-20)0.0110620153979SAMP DEN COEFFDenominator coefficient in column RPC equation(1-20)0.00174477677906 Planet Labs Inc. 201812

Skysat Imagery Product SpecificationOrtho Scene GeoJSON metadataTable 10: Skysat Ortho Scene Geojson Metadata SchemaSKYSAT ORTHO SCENE GEOJSON METADATA SCHEMAParameterDescriptionTypeacquiredThe RFC 3339 acquisition time of the image.stringcamera idThe specific detector used to capture thescene.String (e.g. “d1”, “d2”)cloud coverThe estimated percentage of the scenecovered by clouds.number (0-100)ground controlIf the image meets the positional accuracyspecifications this value will be true. If theimage has uncertain positional accuracy,this value will be false.booleangsdThe ground sampling distance of the imageacquisition.numberitem typeThe name of the item type that modelsshared imagery data schema.string (e.g. “PSScene3Band”, ”SkySatScene”)providerName of the imagery provider.string ("planetscope","rapideye", “skysat”)publishedThe RFC 3339 timestamp at which this itemwas added to the API.stringquality categoryMetric for image quality. To qualify for“standard” image quality an image mustmeet a variety of quality standards, forexample: PAN motion blur less than 1.15pixels, compression bits per pixel less than 3.If the image does not meet these criteria itis considered “test” quality.string (“standard”, “test”)satellite azimuthAngle from true north to the satellite vectorat the time of imaging, projected on thehorizontal plane in degrees.number (0 - 360)satellite idGlobally unique identifier of the satellite thatacquired the underlying imagery.stringstrip idGlobally unique identifier of the image stripthis scene was collected againststringsun azimuthAngle from true north to the sun vectorprojected on the horizontal plane indegrees.number (0 - 360) Planet Labs Inc. 201813

Skysat Imagery Product Specificationsun elevationElevation angle of the sun in degrees.number (0 - 90)updatedThe RFC 3339 timestamp at which this itemwas updated in the API.stringview angleSpacecraft across-track off-nadir viewingangle used for imaging, in degrees with being east and - being west.number (-90 - 90)Analytic Ortho Scene SpecificationsTo convert the pixel values of the Analytic products to radiance, it is necessary to multiply the DN value by theradiometric scale factor, as follows:RAD(i) DN(i) * radiometric scale factor(i), where radiometric scale factor(i) 0.01The resulting value is the Top of Atmosphere Radiance of that pixel in watts per steradian per square meter(W/m²*sr*μm).To convert the pixel values of the Analytic products to Top of Atmosphere Reflectance, it is necessary tomultiply the DN value by the reflectance coefficient found in the GeoTiff header. This makes the completeconversion from DN to Top of Atmosphere Reflectance to be as follows:REF(i) DN(i) * reflectance coefficient(i)Alternatively, the customer may perform the TOA Reflectance conversion on their own using the followingequation, with the ESUN values given below in Table 3.T OAR (π Radiance d 2 )ESU N cos(90 sun elevation)d Earth to sun distance in astronomical unitsTable 11: Skysat Analytic Ortho Scene ESUN values, resampled from Thuillier irradiance 31114.22 Planet Labs Inc. 201814

Skysat Imagery Product 92009.431821.71583.771108.74SkySat Analytic Scene GeoTIFF PropertiesTable 12: Properties included in the GeoTIFF Header, under ‘TIFFTAG IMAGEDESCRIPTION’FieldValueSampleradiometric scale factorProvides the parameter to convert thescaled radiance pixel value to radiance.Multiplying the scaled radiance pixelvalues by the scale factor, derives the Topof Atmosphere Radiance product. Thisvalue is a constant, set to 0.010.01reflectance coefficientsThe value is a multiplicative, whenmultiplied with the DN values, providesthe Top of Atmosphere Reflectancevalues, in watts per steradian per squaremeter 23268657,0.002420630889355243, 0.003471901841411239]satellite azimuthAngle from true north to the satellitevector at the time of imaging, projectedon the horizontal plane in degrees.103.22169693satellite elevationAngle between the satellite pointingdirection and the local horizontal plane indegrees.61.32334041sun azimuthAngle from true north to the sun vectorprojected on the horizontal plane indegrees.136.7200917sun elevationElevation angle of the sun in degrees.56.98039498 Planet Labs Inc. 201815

Skysat Imagery Product SpecificationCOLLECTSOrthoThe Ortho Collect product is created by composing SkySat Ortho Scenes along an imaging strip into segmentstypically unifying 60 SkySat Ortho Scenes. The product may contain artifacts resulting from the composingprocess, particular offsets in areas of stitched source scenes. In a next version artifacts caused by scenemisalignment will be hidden by cutlines. This is particularly important for the appearance of objects in built-upareas and their accurate extraction. Visual - pansharpened, orthorectified, color corrected RGBPansharpened Multispectral - pansharpened, orthorectified, color corrected BGRNAnalytic DN - orthorectified, multispectral BGRNPanchromatic DN - orthorectified, panchromatic (PAN)*Asset attributes match those of the Scene counterparts listed aboveTable 13: Skysat Ortho Collect AttributesSKYSAT ORTHO COLLECT ATTRIBUTESAttributeDescriptionProduct FramingStrip BasedSkySat Satellites havethree cameras per satellite, which capture overlapping strips. Each of these strips containoverlapping scenes. One Collect product composes up to 60 scenes (up to 20 per camera)and is approximately 20km x 6.6km.AssetsVisual: 3-band Pansharpened Image (8-bit Unsigned Integer)Multispectral: 4-band Pansharpened Image (16-bit Unsigned Integer)4-band Analytic DN Image (B, G, R, N) (16-bit Unsigned Integer)1-band Panchromatic Image (16-bit Unsigned Integer)ProjectionUTM WGS84Geometric CorrectionsSensor-related effects are corrected using sensor telemetry and a sensor model.Orthorectification uses GCPs and fine DEMs (30m to 90m posting). Planet Labs Inc. 201816

Skysat Imagery Product SpecificationPositional AccuracyLess than 10 m RMSERadiometric CorrectionsNo correction applied; pixel values are digital numbersCollect MetadataOrtho Collect GeoJSON metadataTable 14: Skysat Ortho Collect Geojson Metadata SchemaSKYSAT ORTHO COLLECT GEOJSON METADATA SCHEMAParameterDescriptionTypeacquiredThe RFC 3339 acquisition time of the image.stringcamera idThe specific detector used to capture thescene.String (e.g. “d1”, “d2”)cloud coverThe estimated percentage of the scenecovered by clouds.number (0-100)ground controlIf the image meets the positional accuracyspecifications this value will be true. If theimage has uncertain positional accuracy,this value will be false.booleangsdThe ground sampling distance of the imageacquisition.numberitem typeThe name of the item type that modelsshared imagery data schema.string (e.g. “PSScene3Band”, ”SkySatCollect”)providerName of the imagery provider.string ("planetscope","rapideye", “skysat”)publishedThe RFC 3339 timestamp at which this itemwas added to the API.stringquality categoryMetric for image quality. To qualify for“standard” image quality an image mustmeet a variety of quality standards, forexample: PAN motion blur less than 1.15pixels, compression bits per pixel less than 3.If the image does not meet these criteria itis considered “test” quality.string (“standard”, “test”)satellite azimuthAngle from true north to the satellite vectorat the time of imaging, projected on thehorizontal plane in degrees.number (0 - 360)satellite idGlobally unique identifier of the satellite thatacquired the underlying imagery.string Planet Labs Inc. 201817

Skysat Imagery Product Specificationstrip idGlobally unique identifier of the image stripthis scene was collected againststringsun azimuthAngle from true north to the sun vectorprojected on the horizontal plane indegrees.number (0 - 360)sun elevationElevation angle of the sun in degrees.number (0 - 90)updatedThe RFC 3339 timestamp at which this itemwas updated in the API.stringview angleSpacecraft across-track off-nadir viewingangle used for imaging, in degrees with being east and - being west.number (-90 - 90)BASEMAP MOSAIC TILESAll basemaps can be viewed at full resolution within the Planet graphical user interface (up to Zoom Level 18 inthe Web Mercator Projection), giving a resolution of 0.597 m at the Equator. The projection used in Planetbasemaps has been selected to match what is typically used in web mapping applications. The resolutionimproves at higher and lower latitudes. The Alpha Mask indicates areas of the quad where there is no imagerydata available.Table 15: Individual Quad SpecificationsINDIVIDUAL QUAD el Size (resolution).597mImage Bit Depth8 bits per pixelBandsRed, Green, Blue, AlphaProjectionWGS84 Web Mercator (EPSG:3857)Size4096 x 4096 pixelsProcessingPansharpened. Geometrically aligned. Seam lines are minimized with tonal balancing.Cutlines to minimize visual breaks Planet Labs Inc. 201818

Skysat Imagery Product SpecificationVIDEOTable 16: Video Product MetadataVIDEO PRODUCT METADATAFIeldValueSampleSatelliteSatellite ID00110CameraCamera used for imaging2StartStart time of video capture2018-04-10T21:43:07EndEnd time of video capture2018-04-10T21:44:07Duration (s)Duration of video in seconds59.976592063903809StartSatellite collection elevation of first frame in video55.476973516035933EndSatellite collection elevation of last frame in video61.410026752389307ConvergenceConvergence angle between first and last frames5.9330532363533734StartSatellite azimuth angle of first frame in video48.316762122631033EndSatellite azimuth angle of last frame in video143.12580513942621DeltaDifference between start and end satellite azimuth angle94.809043016795172TimeAngleAzimuth Planet Labs Inc. 201819

Skysat Imagery Product SpecificationTable 17: Frame Index (csv)FRAME INDEX (CSV)FieldValueSamplenameFrame image filename(w/o file extension)1207431805.69566202 sc00110 c2 PANdatetimeTime of frame capture2018-04-10T21:43:07ZgsdGround Sample Distance0.964506sat azAvg satellite azimuth for frame48.3168sat elevAvg satellite elevation for frame55.477x sat eciX-axis aligned ECI coordinate3074.73y sat eciY-axis aligned ECI coordinate3057.87z sat eciZ-axis aligned ECI coordinate5338.56q0First quaternion coefficient-0.246954q1Second quaternion coefficient-0.887421q2Third quaternion coefficient-0.385464q3Fourth quaternion coefficient0.0539912bit depthPixel bit depth of frame16geomFrame dimensionsPOLYGON((-123.132 49.2933,-123.089 49.294,-123.09249.2825,-123.135 49.2818)) Planet Labs Inc. 201820

Planet takes an agile and iterative approach to its technology, and therefore may make changes to the product(s) described . Videos are packaged and delivered with a video mpeg-4 file, p

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