PIRLS 2011 - Boston College
PIRLS 2011Reader IEA, 2011
ContentsEnemy Pie 3The Giant Tooth Mystery 91
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Enemy Pieby Derek Munsonillustrated by Tara Calahan KingEnemy PieIt was a perfect summer until Jeremy Ross moved in right next door toby Derek Munsonmy best friend Stanley. I did not like Jeremy. He had a party and I wasn’tillustrated by Tara Calahan Kingeven invited. But my best friend Stanley was.I never had an enemy until Jeremy moved into the neighborhood. DadIt was a perfect summer until Jeremy Ross moved in right next door totold me that when he was my age, he had enemies, too. But he knew of amy best friend Stanley. I did not like Jeremy. He had a party and I wasn’tway to get rid of them.even invited. But my best friend Stanley was.Dad pulled a worn-outI never had an enemy until Jeremy moved into the neighborhood. Dadscrap of paper from a recipetold me that when he was my age, he had enemies, too. But he knew of abook.way to get rid of them.“Enemy Pie,” he said,Dad pulled a worn-outsatisfied.scrap of paper from a recipeYou may be wonderingbook.what exactly is in Enemy“Enemy Pie,” he said,Pie. Dad said the recipe wassatisfied.so secret, he couldn’t evenmay bewonderingtell me.YouI beggedhimto tellexactly is in Enemyme whatsomething—anything.Pie. Dad said the recipe was“I will tell you this,so secret, he couldn’t evenTom,” he said to me. “Enemytell me. I begged him to tellPie is the fastest known way to get rid of enemies.”me something—anything.This got me thinking. What kinds of disgusting things would I put into“I will tell you this,Enemy Pie? I brought Dad earthworms and rocks, but he gave them rightTom,” he said to me. “Enemyback.Pie is the fastest known way to get rid of enemies.”This got me thinking. What kinds of disgusting things would I put intoEnemy Pie? I brought Dad earthworms and rocks, but he gave them rightback.Enemy Pie3
I went outside to play. All the while, I listened to the sounds of mydad in the kitchen. This could be a great summer after all.I tried to imagine how horrible Enemy Pie must smell. But I smelledI went outsideto play.listenedthe soundsmysomethingreally good.AsAllfartheas Iwhile,could Itell,it wastocomingfrom nedtothesoundsof I was confused.dad in the kitchen. This could be a great summer after all.I triedI wentto imaginehorribleEnemymustEnemysmell. ButI smelled smellinsidehowto askDad whatwasPiewrong.Pie mell.ButI smelledsomethingreallygood.farsmart.as I couldit wasbad,comingourkitchen.this good.ButDadAswas“If .I waseatconfused.it,” he said. I could tell he’d made this pie before.I was confused.I wentTheinsideask n ovenmittsPieandshouldn’tpulled outthe pie. ��tsmellthis ldneverlooked good enough to eat! I was beginning to understand.ButI couldDad was“If itthissmelledbad, your enemy would nevereatthisit,” good.he said.tell smart.he’d madepie before.still, II couldwasn’ttellsurehowthisthisEnemyPie worked. What exactly dideat it,”Buthe said.he’dmadepie ulledout thepie. stinky.Itit do to enemies? Maybe it made their hair fallor pulledoutthepie.Itlookedgood Dad,enoughbeginning to understand.askedbuttoheeat!wasI wasno help.looked good enough to eat! I was beginning to understand.But still,I wasn’thowDadthisfilledEnemyworked.What exactly didWhilethe piesurecooled,mePiein onmy actlydidit do to enemies? Maybe it made their hair fall out, or it tohairwork,youneedto spenda rbreathstinky.asked Dad, but he was no help.yourDad,enemy.worse,you have to be nice to him. It’s not easy. But that’saskedbut Evenhe wasno help.Whilethe waypie cooled,Dad filledme work.in on mythe onlythat EnemyPie canArejob.you sure you want to do this?”While the pie cooled, Dad filled me in on my job.He whispered.order for it to work, you need to spend a day withOf course “InI was.Hewhispered.“Infor ittotobework,youhim.needtonotspenda dayyour enemy. Even worse,orderyou havenice toIt’seasy.Butwiththat’sAll I hadto dowas t’sof the only way that Enemy Pie can work. Are you sure you want to do this?”my biketo hisand knockedtheyoudoor.thelife.onlyI rodeway thatEnemyPiehousecan work.Are you onsurewant to do this?”Of course I was.Of WhencourseJeremyI was. opened theAllIhadtodowassurprised.spend one day with Jeremy, then he’d be out of mydoor, he seemedAllIhadtodowasspend andone knockedday with onJeremy,then he’d be out of mylife. I rode my bike to his housethe door.life. I rode my bike to his house and knocked on the door.When Jeremy opened theWhenJeremyopened thedoor, heseemedsurprised.door, he seemed surprised.4Enemy Pie
“Can you come out and play?” I asked.He looked confused. “I’ll go ask my mom,” he said. He came back withhis shoes in his hand.We“Canrode youbikesfor awhile,ateI lunch.comeout andthenplay?”asked. After lunch we went over tomy house.He looked confused. “I’ll go ask my mom,” he said. He came back withIt wasstrange,but I was having fun with my enemy. I couldn’t tell Dadhisshoesin his hand.that, since he had worked so hard to make the pie.We rode bikes for awhile, then ate lunch. After lunch we went over toWehouse.played games until my dad called us for dinner.myDadIthadmy butfavoriteIt wasMaybewasmadestrange,I wasfood.havingfunJeremy’swith my favorite,enemy. I too!couldn’ttell DadJeremysohadbad workedafter all.was beginningto pie.think that maybe wethat,wasn’tsince hesoI hardto make theshould forget about Enemy Pie.We played games until my dad called us for dinner.“Dad”, I said, “It sure is nice having a new friend.” I was trying to tellDad had made my favorite food. It was Jeremy’s favorite, too! Maybehim that Jeremy was no longer my enemy.Jeremy wasn’t so bad after all. I was beginning to think that maybe weBut Dad only smiled and nodded. I thinkshould forget about Enemy Pie.he thought I was just pretending.“Dad”, I said, “It sure is nice having a new friend.” I was trying to tellBut after dinner, Dad brought out thehim that Jeremy was no longer my enemy.pie. He dished up three plates and passedBut Dad only smiled and nodded. I thinkone to me and one to Jeremy.he thought I was just pretending.“Wow!” Jeremy said, looking at the pie.But after dinner, Dad brought out theI panicked.I didn’twantJeremyeatpie.He dishedup threeplatesandtopassedEnemyPie!wasmyone tomeHeandonetofriend!Jeremy.“Don’teat it!”I cried.“It’sbad!” at the pie.“Wow!”Jeremysaid,lookingJeremy’sfork stoppedreachingI panicked.I didn’t beforewant Jeremyto eathis Enemymouth. Pie!He lookedmefriend!funny. I feltHe wasatmyrelieved. I had saved his life.“Don’t eat it!” I cried. “It’s bad!”Jeremy’s fork stopped before reachinghis mouth. He looked at me funny. I feltrelieved. I had saved his life.Enemy Pie5
I went outside to play. All the while, I listened to the sounds of mydad in the kitchen. This could be a great summer after all.I tried to imagine how horrible Enemy Pie must smell. But I smelledsomething really good. As far as I could tell, it was coming from our kitchen.“If it’s so bad,” Jeremy asked, “then why has your dad already eatenI was confused.half of it?”I went inside to ask Dad what was wrong. Enemy Pie shouldn’t smellSure enough, Dad was eating Enemy Pie.this good. But Dad was smart. “If it smelled bad, your enemy would never“Goodstuff,”mumbled.I sattherethem eat. Neither oneeatit,” hesaid.DadI couldtell he’dmadethiswatchingpie before.of them was losing any hair! It seemed safe, so I took a tiny taste. It wasThe oven buzzer rang. Dad put on oven mitts and pulled out the pie. Itdelicious!looked good enough to eat! I was beginning to understand.After dessert, Jeremy invited me to come over to his house the nextBut still, I wasn’t sure how this Enemy Pie worked. What exactly didmorning.it do to enemies? Maybe it made their hair fall out, or their breath stinky. IAs forDad,EnemyI stillaskedbut Pie,he wasnodon’thelp.know how to make it. I still wonder ifenemies really do hate it or if their hair falls out or their breath turnsWhile the pie cooled, Dad filled me in on my job.bad. But I don’t know if I’ll ever get an answer, because I just lost my bestenemy.He whispered. “In order for it to work, you need to spend a day withyour enemy. Even worse, you have to be nice to him. It’s not easy. But that’sthe only way that Enemy Pie can work. Are you sure you want to do this?”Of course I was.All I had to do was spend one day with Jeremy, then he’d be out of mylife. I rode my bike to his house and knocked on the door.When Jeremy opened thedoor, he seemed surprised.6Enemy Pie
STOPEnd of Part 1.Now go toyour questionbooklet.7
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TheGIANT ToothTheMysteryGIANT ToothA fossil is the remains of any creature or plant that lived on theEarth many, many years ago. People have been finding fossils forthousands of years in rocks and cliffs and beside lakes.We nowknow that some of these fossils were from dinosaurs.A fossil is the remains of any creature or plant that lived on theEarth many, many years ago. People have been finding fossils forthousands of years in rocks and cliffs and beside lakes.We nowknow that some of these fossils were from dinosaurs.MysteryLong ago, people who found huge fossils did not know what they were.Some thought the big bones came from large animals that they had seen orread about, such as hippos or elephants. But some of the bones people foundwere too big to have come from even the biggest hippo or elephant. Theseenormousbonessomewhopeopleto hugebelievein giants.Longago,ledpeoplefoundfossilsdid not know what they were.Some thought the big bones came from large animals that they had seen orread about, such as hippos or elephants. But some of the bones people foundwere too big to have come from even the biggest hippo or elephant. Theseenormous bones led some people to believe in giants.The Giant Tooth Mystery9
Hundreds of years ago in France, a man named Bernard Palissy hadanother idea. He was a famous pottery maker. When he went to make hispots, he found many tiny fossils in the clay. He studied the fossils and wrotethat they were the remains of living creatures. This was not a new idea.Hundredsyears agoFrance,a manPalissyhad livedButBernardofPalissyalsoinwrotethatsomenamedof theseBernardcreaturesno longeranotheridea.TheyHe wasfamous potterymaker. Whenhe wentto make hison earth.hadacompletelydisappeared.They wereextinct.pots, he found many tiny fossils in the clay. He studied the fossils and wroteWas Bernard Palissy rewarded for his discovery? No! He was put inthat they were the remains of living creatures. This was not a new idea.prison for his ideas.But Bernard Palissy also wrote that some of these creatures no longer livedAs Theytime wentby, some peoplebecame Theymore wereopen extinct.to new ideas abouton earth.had completelydisappeared.how the world might have been long ago.Was Bernard Palissy rewarded for his discovery? No! He was put inthe 1820s, a huge fossil tooth was found in England. It isprison Then,for hisinideas.thought that Mary Ann Mantell, the wife of fossil expert Gideon MantellAs time went by, some people became more open to new ideas aboutwas out for a walk when she saw what looked like a huge stone tooth.how the world might have been long ago.Mary Ann Mantell knew the big tooth was a fossil, and took it home toThen,in the 1820s, a huge fossil tooth was found in England. It isherhusband.thought that Mary Ann Mantell, the wife of fossil expert Gideon MantellWhen Gideon Mantell first lookedwas out for a walk when she saw what looked like a huge stone tooth.at the fossil tooth, he thought it hadMary Ann Mantell knew the big tooth was a fossil, and took it home tobelonged to a plant eater becauseher husband.it was flat and had ridges. It gfood.Itat thefossiltooth,hethoughtithadwas almost as big as the tooth of anbelongedto aButplanteater becauseelephant.it lookednothing likeit wasflatandhadridges.It wasan elephant’s tooth.worn down from chewing food. Itwas almost as big as the tooth of anelephant. But it looked nothing likean elephant’s tooth.Fossil tooth sketched life-sizedFossil tooth sketched life-sized10The Giant Tooth Mystery
Gideonwere ngedpieces of torocka giant,attachedplant-eatingto the toothreptilewerethatverychewedold. Heitsknewfood?thatA typeit wasof reptilethe kindthatof rockno longerwherelivedreptileon earth?fossilswere found.Couldthe toothto athegiant,plant-eatingreptileGideonMantellwas havereallybelongedpuzzled bybig tooth.No reptilethat livedonearth?about chewed its food. Reptiles gulped their food, and so their teethGideon Mantell could tell that the pieces of rock attached to the toothGideondidn’t becomeMantellwornwas down.really Itpuzzledwas a bymystery.the big tooth. No reptile that hewere very old. He knew that it was the kind of rock where reptile fossilsknew aboutchewed its food.Reptilesgulpedtheir food,and so theirteeth ittookthehavetoothbelongedto a museumin Londonand showedwereGideonfound. MantellCould thetoothto a wasamystery.to ht be thethatchewedits food?typeagreedof reptileno longerlivedonitearth?Gideontooth ofMantella gigantictookreptile.the tooth to a museum in London and showed itGideon Mantell was really puzzled by the big tooth. No reptile that heto otherGideonscientists. No oneagreedwithGideonthatMantellit mightbe theliketriedto finda reptilehadfood,athattoothlookedknew about Mantellchewed itsfood.Reptilesgulped theirandthatso theirteethtoothofagiganticreptile.the gianttooth.Fordown.a longIttime,found nothing. Then one day he metdidn’tbecomewornwas hea mystery.Gideona scientistMantellwho wastriedstudyingto find aiguanas.reptile thatAn iguanahad a toothis a largethat lookedplant-eatinglikeGideon Mantell took the tooth to a museum in London and showed itthe giantreptiletooth.foundForin Centrala long time,and heSouthfoundAmerica.nothing.It Thencan growone dayto behemoremet thanto other scientists. No one agreed with Gideon Mantell that it might be thea scientistfive nGideoniguanaMantellis a largean iguanaplant-eatingtooth. At last!tooth of a gigantic reptile.Herewas inthetooth ofa alandSouthreptileAmerica.can growbemysterymore thatlookedlikethe fossiltooth wasmuch,Gideonmuch bigger.five Onlyfeet long.The scientistshowedMantell an iguana tooth. At last!thewasgiantlong time,foundnothing.Thenone dayhe metHerethetooth.tooth Forof a alivingreptilehethatlookedlike themysterytooth.a scientistwasstudyingiguanas.An iguana is a large plant-eatingOnlythe fossilwhotoothwasmuch, muchbigger.reptile found in Central and South America. It can grow to be more thanfive feet long. The scientist showed Gideon Mantell an iguana tooth. At last!Here was the tooth of a living reptile that looked like the mystery tooth.Only the fossil tooth was much, much bigger.IguanaIguanaA life-sizeddrawing of anIguanaiguana’stoothA life-sizedfromdrawingGideon Mantell’sof annotebookiguana’s toothfrom Gideon Mantell’snotebook A life-sizeddrawing of aniguana’s toothfrom Gideon Mantell’snotebookThe Giant Tooth MysteryThe Giant Tooth Mystery11
Now Gideon Mantell believed the fossil tooth had belonged to an animalthat looked like an iguana. Only it wasn’t five feet long. Gideon Mantellbelieved it was a hundred feet long! He named his creature Iguanodon.That means “iguana tooth”.Now Gideon Mantell believed the fossil tooth had belonged to an animalGideon Mantell did not have a whole Iguanodon skeleton. But fromthat looked like an iguana. Only it wasn’t five feet long. Gideon Mantellthe bones he had collected over the years, he tried to figure out what onebelieved it was a hundred feet long! He named his creature Iguanodon.might have looked like. He thought the bones showed that the creature hadThat means “iguana tooth”.walked on all four legs. He thought a pointed bone was a horn. He drew anGideon Mantellnotonhavea whole Iguanodon skeleton. But fromIguanodonwith adidhornits nose.the bones he had collected over the years, he tried to figure out what onemight have looked like. He thought the bones showed that the creature hadwalked on all four legs. He thought a pointed bone was a horn. He drew anIguanodon with a horn on its nose.What Gideon Mantell thought an Iguanodon looked likeWhat Gideon Mantell thought an Iguanodon looked like12The Giant Tooth Mystery
Years later, several complete Iguanodon skeletons were found. Theywere only about thirty feet long. The bones showed that it walked on itshind legs some of the time. And what Gideon Mantell thought was a hornon its nose was really a spike on its “thumb”! Based on these discoveries,Yearslater, theirseveralcompleteIguanodonskeletonslookedwere found.scientistschangedideasabout whatthe Iguanodonlike. Theywere only about thirty feet long. The bones showed that it walked on itsGideon Mantell made some mistakes. But he had madehind legs some of the time. And what Gideon Mantell thought was a hornan important discovery, too. Since his first idea that theon its nose was really a spike on its “thumb”! Based on these discoveries,fossil tooth belonged to a plant-eating reptile, hescientists changed their ideas about what the Iguanodon looked like.spent many years gathering facts and evidenceMantellmistakes. But he had madeto proveGideonhis ideaswere maderight. someBy makingan importantdiscovery,too.GideonSince his first idea that thecarefulguesses alongthe way,fossilwastoothbelongedMantelloneof the fitorsta plant-eating reptile, hespentyearslonggatheringpeopleto manyshow thatago, facts and evidenceto provehislivedideasright. By makinggiantreptilesonwereearth.guessesalongthe way, GideonAndcarefulthen theybecameextinct.Mantell was one of the firstHundreds of years before,people to show that long ago,Bernard Palissy had beengiant reptiles lived on earth.thrown in prison for sayingAnd then they became extinct.nearly the same thing. Butof years before, What scientists today think the IguanodonGideonHundredsMantell becamelooked likeBernardhadbeenfamous.His Palissydiscoverymadethrownin prisonsayingpeoplecuriousto findforoutmorenearlythesamething.about these huge reptiles. ButWhat scientists today think the IguanodonGideon Mantell becamelookedlikedecided that these extinctIn 1842, a scientist named RichardOwenfamous. His discovery madereptiles needed a name of their own. He called them Dinosauria. Thispeople curious to find out moremeans “fearfully great lizard”. Today we call them dinosaurs.about these huge reptiles.In 1842, a scientist named Richard Owen decided that these extinctreptiles needed a name of their own. He called them Dinosauria. Thismeans “fearfully great lizard”. Today we call them dinosaurs.The Giant Tooth Mystery13
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StopEnd of Part 2. Now go to yourquestion booklet.From Enemy Pie 2000 by Derek Munson (text) and Tara Calahan King. Used with permission of Chronicle BooksLLC, San Francisco. Visit ChronicleBooks.com. The Giant Tooth Mystery excerpted from DINOSAUR HUNTERS.Text copyright 1989 by Kate McMullan. Published by Random House Books for Young Readers. All rightsreserved. Used with permission. Illustrated by Jennifer Moher and Steven Simpson 2010 IEA.15
timssandpirls.bc.eduPIRLS 2011Reader IEA, 2011International Associationfor the Evaluation ofEducational Achievement
book. “Enemy Pie,” he said, satisfied. You may be wondering what exactly is in Enemy Pie. Dad said the recipe was so secret, he couldn’t even tell me. I begged him to tell me something—anything. “I will tell you this, Tom,
The ten blocks developed specifically for PIRLS Literacy are shown in Exhibit 4, with the five blocks of literary passages labeled PLLit1 through PLLit5 and the five informational blocks PLInf1 through PLInf5. The two blocks from PIRLS are labeled PRLit1 and PRInf1. Four of the passage and item blocks were previously used in 2011 as part of .
Four new blocks will be developed for use for the first time in the 2011 assessment. Figure 3 PirLs 2011 matrix sampling Blocks Similar to PIRLS 2006, the ten blocks of passages and items in the PIRLS 2011 design will be distributed across 13 booklets (see Figure 4). Each student booklet will consist of two 40-minute blocks of passages and items.
Ten blocks were developed specifically for PIRLS Literacy; four of the passage and item blocks were previously used in 2011 as part of prePIRLS, and two blocks came from the main PIRLS assessment. The complete ePIRLS assessment consists of five school-based online reading tasks, each of
International Reading Literacy Study (PIRLS), has conducted two reading assessments (2001 and 2006) and is planning for more in the future (2011). TIMSS and PIRLS are both conducted under the aegis of the International Association for the Evaluation of Educational Achievement (IEA). TIMSS and PIRLS are complemented by the Program
Opportunity in Change: Preparing Boston for Leader Transitions and New Models of Nonprofit Leadership, 2017. 6 Boston Indicators, The Boston Foundation, UMass Boston, and the UMass Donahue Institute. Changing Faces of Greater Boston, 2019. letter from yw boston's beth chandler 6 7 Letter from the boston foundation's jennifer w. aronson
CHAPTER 3 89 Relative Achievement by Literary and Informational Reading Purposes The PIRLS 2011 assessment included five literary passages and five informational passages, so that half of the assessment was devoted to each purpose. As described in Chapter 2, the literary texts were fictional stories where students
2012-12-21 13:58 PIRLS 2011 USERTIMSS & PIRLS International Study Center GUIDE FOR THE INTERNATIONAL DATABASE Page 1 of 5 2 SUPPLEMENT 4 SECTION 1: STUDENT QUESTIONNAIRE
Boston College's sports programs. Sources: Donovan, Charles F., David R. Dunigan, and Paul A. Fitzgerald. History of Boston College: From the Beginnings to 1990. Chestnut Hill, Mass.: University Press of Boston College, 1990. Arrangement The Boston College Athletic photographs are arranged in three series: I. Coaches and staff; II. Group
