Figurative Meaning Found In Sport News Article
Figurative Meaning Found In Sport News ArticleMinar Hutahaean, Sondang Maniksondang man1k@yahoo.comAbstractIn this study the writer analyzes the use of figurative meaning in sport articles. There are seven types offigurative found in Sport articles: they are Metaphor, Simile Synecdoch ,Metonymy, Hyperbole, Personification,Irony. The most dominant figurative meaning used in sports article is Metonymy it is 51.90%, Hyperbole 18.95%and the rest, Simile 12.95% Personification, 9.6% , and Irony , Metaphor, Synecdoche, are 2.35%. The sports news,specifically soccer, is reported emotionally to give impression of the team and the quality of the competition, to thereader.Key words : figurative meaning, Metaphor, Simile Synecdoch ,Metonymy, Hyperbole, Personification, IronyI.IntroductionThis research takes semantics approach as the way of analysis. Semantics is concerned withsentences and other linguistic object expressed. The writer realizes that she always usesexpressions every day when she talks. Besides that people also always use it but people do not realizethe existence of those expressions and sometimes people fail in their communication because theydon’t know what others say that makes misunderstand with each other.There was a sport article that have made the writer realized the way of the reporter wrote thearticle that makes reader interested to read the article. This topic is interesting to study because sportarticle are specific writing different with other writing such as political or economical writing. Thewriter wants to learn what are the figurative meaning used in the article. Writer also want to find outthe types of figurative meaning and the dominant types of figurative meaning used in Sport Newsarticle , by comparing the percentage of the dominant type of figurative meaning in Sport Newsarticle.The objectives of the study are to identify the types of figurative meaning used in Sport Newsarticle and to find out what type of figurative meaning dominantly used in Sport News article.Thewriter focused on analyzing figurative meaning based on John I seed theory; they are simile,metaphor, personification, irony, synecdoche, hyperbola, and metonymy. The writers focused on thefigurative meaning used in Sport News article, specifically in soccer football.II. SemanticsSemantics comes from the Greek word “semantickos” means “significant”. Generally, inlinguistic semantics is defined as the study of meaning in language. Semantics is a branch oflinguistics studying the meaning of words; the study of the relationship between words and theirmeaning.Semantics is the study of meaning communicated thought language. It is concerned withsentences and other linguistic object express. Semantic is attempt to explicate the language whichallows that speaker to communicate facts, feeling, intentions and product of the imagination to otherspeakers and to understand what they communicate to him or /her. Semantics is one part of the
grammar, syntax, and morphology are other part. Longman (1985:172) Semantics is usuallyconcerned with the analysis of the meaning of word, phrases, or sentence and sometimes with themeaning of utterances in discourse or the meaning of a whole text.A semantics concept that might be quite fundamental to one language might be much lessimportant in another. Semantics of different language shows us the great variety of word. Identifyingwhat is common to the semantics of all language helps us understand what is unique about languageand human nature.As Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary, semantics is the branch of linguistics concernedwith studying the meaning of words and sentences. Semantics is the study of meaning. The word“semantics” itself denotes a range of ideas, from the popular to the highly technical. It is often used inordinary language e to denote a problem of understanding that comes down to word selection.Tarigan (1985:7), semantic menelaah lambang-lambang atau tanda-tanda yang menyatakanmakna, hubungan makna, hubungan makna yang satu dengan yang lain. Tarigan stated that semanticsis how to define meaning. Semantics defines the symbols or sign that states the meaning, relation ofmeaning one another and effect to society. From the definition above, briefly and popularly,semantics itself is stated to define the meaning. In linguistics, semantics is defined as the study ofmeaning in language. That is the fact that meaning is a part of language.MeaningMeaning is one of the most ambiguous and most controversial terms in the theorylanguage. The meaning of a word is defined in part by its relations with other words in thelanguage. Hofmann (1993:32) defines the meaning is one of the most successful areas of modernsemantics, and turns out to be useful for language learning, for most of the elementary units ofone language are found in other languages.According to Oxford Advanced Learners’ Dictionary, meaning is intended tocommunicate something that is not expressed directly. Nowadays, in this development period, somany different meaning can be found from the speaker, but through language, we can understandit based on the context. Thus, we can make language more clearly to comprehend. Most of wordshave several meaning but these varieties cause no problem to the speaker’s language, because thecontext usually make it clearly.Keraf (1991:136) defines meaning as a relationship between form and its reference.Sometimes people are sure about message that they get from something they have read or heardbut sometimes they are not, it happens because the message is expressed figuratively.Meaning can be divided into two parts: literal meaning and figurative meaning. Thefollowing discussion will be about literal meaning in order to give a better description orunderstanding on figurative meaning.Literal MeaningLiteral meaning is known as the real meaning or linguistics meaning. Literal meaningdescribes something in the real world to the hearer. Webster’s Dictionary (1988:571) says that if aspeaker expresses himself literally, it means that the speaker’s statement is exact, precise, andlimited in meaning without any symbolic or hidden meaning. On the contrary, if the speakerexpresses himself figuratively, the listener may find it rather difficult to grasp the intention of thespeaker, since figures of speech is represented by means of a figure or symbol in its original or
exact sense, representing one concept in terms of another that may be thought of as analogouswith it.Literal meaning is property of linguistic expressions. Roughly speaking, the literalmeaning of complex sequence of word is determined by its grammatical properties and themeaning that are conventionally assigned to those words. The literal meaning of a statementsshould be exacts or exaggerate. Literal languages refer to words that do not deviate from theirdefined meaning. Figurative meaning is the focused of this study.Figurative MeaningFigurative is called as non-literal meaning, non-linguistic and non-lexical meaning.Figurative meaning or figurative language occurs when the sentence or statement means differentfrom the writer or speaker. That is why in this case, figurative meaning is a way used to speaknon-literallyThe speaker is using figurative language that is a means of indirect statement that saysone thing in terms of another. Figurative language is words or expressions with meaning that isdifferent from the literal interpretations. When a writer uses literal language, he or she is simplystating the facts as they are. Figurative meaning, in comparison, uses exaggerations or alterationsto make a particular linguistic point.Figurative means non literal or not exact sense or references. Figurative meaning is onekind of non literal meaning. Non literal meaning is based on the context or situation. Non literalmeaning occurs when ones means something different from what our word mean.John I seed (2009:15) non literal uses of language are traditionally called figurative.Figurative language is imaginatively exciting in three ways: it is “concrete, condensed, andinteresting. Figurative language is an important part of writing and is also widely used in speech.Hornby Dictionary (2003:495) is a word or phrase used in a different way from its usual meaningin order to create a particular metal image or effect. In many ways, figurative languages is adescription , in which abstract term are used in place of concrete description.From the explanation, it can be concluded that figurative expressions or figurativelanguage produce figurative meaning. In the other word, figurative meaning is the cause of usingof figurative speech. Therefore, figurative meaning has a close relationship with figurativeexpression and they cannot separated one each another.In other words figurative meaning intend to show the different side of language. It allowsthe speaker or writer to communicate meaning that differ in various ways from what they literarysay. And they speak figuratively for reason or politeness, to avoid responsibility for the import ofwhat is communicated, to express ideas that are difficult to communicate using literal language.According to the writer; figurative language is one of way to express an ideaimaginatively and figurative language can be assumed that a way of saying something other thanthe literal meaning of the words. There are several types of figurative language. Figurativelanguage is an important part of writing and is also widely used in speech.Types of FigurativeJohn I Seed (2009:16) Non-literal uses of language are traditionally call figurative andare described by a host of theatrical terms including; metaphor, simile, synecdoche, metonymy,hyperbole, personification and irony. In this research the writer choose the theory by John I Seed
1.2.3.4.5.6.7.1.2.then the writer will be explaining five of them, they are; metaphor, simile, metonymy,synecdoche, and personification.Figurative language can be divided into metaphor, simile, synecdoche, metonymy,hyperbole, personification and irony.Metaphor : is the comparison between two objects ; comparing two things by using one kind ofobject or using in a place of another to suggest the likeness between them.Simile : is a figure of speech comparing two unlike things that is often introduced by like or as.Synecdoche : is a figure of speech which mentions a part of something to suggest the whole.Metonymy : is a figure of speech in which a thing or concept is called not by its own name butrather by the name of something associated with that thing or concept.Hyperbole : is a very statement containing exaggeration to emphasize a point.Personification : is a figure of speech in which human attributs are given to an animal, an objector a concept.Irony : a pretense of ignorance and of willingness to learn from another assumed in order to makethe other’s false conception conspicuous by adroit questioning.Based on the brief explanation above, it can be understood that figurative language is a way howto expressing an idea in the beatiful language and it can produce the nice sentences to read orhear. By figurative language, we can improve our ability to describe or express one’s feeling andthough in order to make the beatiful words.MetaphorMetaphor is derived from the Greek word ”metapherein”, means to move. The word metameans ‘move’ pherein means ‘to carry’. A metaphor implies that one things is like another.Generally speaking, it makes comparison between things which would not normally be though ofas similar to each other.Keraf (1980:139) Metaphor is the comparison between two objects; comparing twothings by using one kind of object or using in a place of another to suggest the likeness betweenthem.Tarigan (1985:141) Metaphor is implicit comparison. Metaphor is the use of words is notreal meaning except as a sharp word. Metaphor is a kind of the shortest, integrated, and wellarraged figurative speech. It includes two ideas of metaphor. Firstly, explaining the reality whichis something being though and becomes an object. Secondly, is comparing the reality to anotherobject.For example:Life is a dreamLife is compare with dream. Life cannot be ascertained. Human can at happen with themselves. Itis same with dream. Human can determine what dream they want.He is a strong towerThe expression, he is like a strong tower. Figuratively, he is a strong man. The wordtower describes that man is strong like a tower. Based on the explanation above, it can beconclude that metaphor is a way to express figuratively by saying another thing to substitute thereal meaning that one means to say. It must be considered that the two things must have the samecharacteristic.Metonymy
Metonymy is a kind of non-literal language in which on entity is used to refer to anotherentity that is associated with it in some way. In other words metonymy concepts allow us toconceptualize one thing by means of its relation to something else. Carter (2004:120) says thatmetonymy, on the other hand, links things by means of contiguity rather than by means ofsimilarity.Frederik (1988:48) says that metonymy is figurative meaning in which the name of thingis applied to another with which it is closely associated. Metonymies are very common ineveryday speech. For example, a man says ‘give me a light’ when he literally means he wantssome fire. He is addicted to be bottle, is another way of saying that he drinks too much whisky.Keraf (1980:142) metonymy is style that use a word to express something other, becausethey have a very closely relationship. Metonymy is a figurative in which one word is substitutedfor another with which it is closely associated. Metonymy is also the rhetorical strategy ofdescribing something indirectly by referring to things around it, such as describing someone’sclothing to characterize the individual.For example:1. He had sweat it outIt means he has been working hard.2. In the last game he just get the silver while his friend get the bronzeIt means that his friend superior than him.SynecdocheA figurative which mentions a part of something to suggest the whole. Keraf (1980:142)Synecdoche is a figure of speech which mentions a part of something to suggest the whole.Synecdoche is derived from the Yunani word, synekdechesthai. Word syn means ‘with’; word exmeans ‘to get out’; and word dechesthai means ‘to take’; ‘to receive’.For example:1. All eyes on the television2. I hope all ears listen to me3. Indonesia will try to resolve the situation in AcehIn the sentence number 1 the word all eyes represent the people or public, not only the eyes ofthe people but whole of their body, since eyes are parts of human body. In the second sentencesame with the first sentence. The word all ears represents a group of people. And the lastsentence, the word Indonesia in the sentence represent the government in Indonesia.PersonificationPersonification is derived from the Latin word. Word persona means ‘person, actor, doeror a mask which is used in a play’ word fic means’to make’.Personification is a figure of speech in which human attributes are given to an animal, an objector a concept. It is really a kind of metaphor in which one member is always a human being.Hornby Dictionary (2003:982) Personification is known as the figure of speech endowsan object, ideas or abstraction with human form, sensibility, character or personifying an abstractidea. Thus, the writer can conclude it that personification is the name of figure used wheninanimate things are spoken or addressed as thought they were endowed with life. This figure ofspeech is also stated to express one’s feeling toward the inanimate objects are supposed as the
human attitude in doing an activity. In personification a non human thing is referred to as havingthe characteristics of human.For example:1. The sun smiled on the earthWe are speaking of the sun as though it is capable of smiling like the human face. We are actuallycomparing the goodness, benevolence and warmth of the sun’s smile that a parent might give to achild2. A sleep I nature’s sweet nurseHe is comparing the way in which sleep helps to cure us of our ills and worried to the way inwhich a nurse looks after a sick person.SimileKeraf (1980:138) simile is a figure of speech in which an explicit comparison is madebetween two things essentially unlike. A figurative in which a comparison is expressed by thespecific use of a word or phrase such as: like, as, than, similar to, resembles, appears, or seems.Simile is defined as an expression which describes one thing by directly comparing itwith another. Simile is often used in our daily conversation to express something that we supposeneed to compare them. For example :Fair as a star, when only oneIs shining in the sky.The comparison is between the beauty of a single bright star shining in the sky and thebeauty of the woman which shines out above that of other women.III. Research DesignSugiyono (2010:2) metode penelitian adalah cara atau strategi menyeluruh untukmenemukan atau memperoleh data yang diperlukan. (Sugiyono states that research design is away or strategy to get the data which are needed in the research). This study is conducted usingdescriptive quantitative analysis. Quantitative research involves collecting data to answersquestions concerning the status of the study and to describe the types of figurative meaning andthe most dominant type is used in Sport News article.DataIn this research, the source of the data is taken from the Jakarta Post. The writer takesthree sample of sport news article on issued on July 2013 edition . These are the title of thedata,Brazil wins and loses at memorable confeds cup (Wednesday, July 03,2013), Arsenalpromises entertaining soccer game at Bung Karno (Saturday, July 13,2013), Jakarta welcomesLiverpool, Chelsea arriving (Thusday, July 18,2013).The data are collected by using documentary technique. Documentary technique meansthat the data are found from reading the references related to the study. Finally the writer uses thesteps as the following :(1) Finding the Jakarta Post newspaper.(2) Selecting the news article randomly(3) Reading the carefully.After collecting the data, the writer analyzed them by applying certain techniques asfollows:1. Underline the sport text article by identifying the figurative meanings.
2. Classifying the figurative meanings based on the types of figurative meanings.3. Finding out the percentage from each kind of figurative meanings by using the Percentageformula, the formula is :X F/N X 100%Where: X the percentage of each type of figurative meaningsF frequency of each type of figurative meaningN the total number of the item4. Finding out the dominant figurative meanings used in sport news.5. Concludes the finding of the studyThere are four articles that were analyzed :NoTitles of the articlesIssued1Ronaldo, Ozil lead Real Madrid pastEverton 2-1Greg Beacham, The AssociatedPress, Los Angeles Sports Sun,August 04 2013, 9:39 AM2Real Madrid beats Inter Milan 3-034United, Chelsea draw 0-0 in PremierLeagueSteve Douglas, The Associated Press,Manchester, England Sports Tue,August 27 2013, 7:22 AMBrazil beats SpainConfederations CupTales Azzoni, The Associated Press,Rio de Janeiro Sports Mon, July 012013, 8:17 AM3-0towinIV Data Analysis of Figurative Meaning on Sports ArticlesTable 1 Figurative Meaning on Sports ArticlesCategorizeas NoFig MeaningMeans1Metaphorseeing something in terms of something else., the use of words is notthe real meaning expect as a sharp word eg This book is gem is say thatthe properties associated with the meaning of book can be extended sothat, by analogy, the book is seen as having a value or uniqueness orage of an expensive jewel and is therefore something to treasure.2Simile1.a comparison is expressed by the specific use of a word or phrasesuch as: like, as, than, seems or Frost's favorite "as if,”. Carter(2004:125) says that simile is also very closely related tometaph
Figurative language is an important part of writing and is also widely used in speech. Hornby Dictionary (2003:495) is a word or phrase used in a different way from its usual meaning in order to create a particular metal image or effect.
figurative language used to support the analysis. Thirty six have been selected to be analyzed. There were 1 type of figurative language (Personification), 5 type of figurative language (Metaphor), 10 type of figurative language (Simile), 4 type of figurative language (Hyperbole), 3 type of figurative language (Allusion), 1 type of
Figurative language in blue. (Remember: figurative language is a comparison that creates a literal “lie” in order to tell an emotional truth. Metaphors, similes, and personification are common forms of figurative language.) When figurative language describes a sense experience, both imagery and figurative language can be happening at one time.
Non-literal meaning can be found in figurative language. Figurative language is one kind of language. It is known as a figure of speech which means saying something other than usual way. To understand figurative language, it cannot be taken literally because it might say one thing but mean another. Figurative language is commonly used in the .
figurative language (hyperbole 37.5%, personification 18.7%, simile 32,2%, euphemism 12.5%), and hyperbole was the most dominant of the 4 types of figurative language found. (2) And researchers also found 4 meaning types (affective meaning 44%, conceptual meaning 5%, connotative meaning 34%, and thematic
Definition and Deposit of the Classification of Figurative Elements (1) The Classification of Figurative Elements comprises a list of categories, divisions and sections in which the figurative elements of marks are classified, together with, as the case may be, explanatory notes. (2) The Classification of Figurative Elements is contained in one .
2.1 Definitions of Figurative Language Figurative language is language that uses words or expressions with a meaning that is different from the literal interpretation. Figurative language makes expression of varied thoughts and feelings. It comes to how to compose sentence effectively and aesthetically, it can give concrete description in mind .
Song lyrics use not literal words, compared to words used in everyday conversation. The lyrics use figurative language to make their own meaning; if we can interpret it the meaning can seem deeper. While the listener knows the meaning of . hyperbole, metaphors, paradoxes, similes, and etc. In general, figurative language is a
EU SPORT POLICY: EVOLUTION EU SPORT POLICY: EVOLUTION 2011: THE COUNCIL WORK PLAN ON SPORT On May 20, the EU Sport Ministers adopted a Work Plan for Sport. The Council Work Plan sets out the sport ministers' priorities in the field of sport for the next three years (2011-2014) and creates new working structures.
