TOE BY TOE

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TOE BY TOE“One of the most important books I’ve ever signed.”J. K. Rowling on Toe By ToeCopyright Keda Publications 2004all rights reserved

TOE BY TOEINTRODUCTIONIf you are intending to teach a struggling reader to readusing Toe by Toe and unsure how to begin, the followingpowerpoint should be useful to you. Please note that,if you require further details other than shown on theslides, you can click on ‘View’ and then ‘Notes Page’ toget the full notes associated with each slide.Good luck to you bothCopyright Keda Publications 2004all rights reserved

TOE BY TOEWhat is Toe by Toe? Toe by Toe is a literacy scheme developedspecifically for struggling readers. The whole scheme is contained in one manual.Keda’s ‘little red book’Copyright Keda Publications 2004all rights reserved

TOE BY TOEToe by Toe is used in more than100 different countries including: Bahamas Australia New Zealand Kenya Falkland Islands South Africa Cuba USA Canada Hong Kong Cyprus Singapore Ireland Middle EastCopyright Keda Publications 2004all rights reserved

TOE BY TOE Toe by Toe provides the dyslexic student withthe necessary decoding skills. The ‘tools’ to do the job Non-dyslexic people do not need to be taughtthese skills. We know them at asub-conscious level. Tutors often find that they are learningabout the language along with the student.Copyright Keda Publications 2004all rights reserved

TOE BY TOEWhy does it work so well? 25 years of practical research progress by the tiniest of steps constant reinforcement and over-learning Use of nonsense words Keda’s unique syllable divisionCopyright Keda Publications 2004all rights reserved

TOE BY TOE*A Note on PronunciationToe by Toe makes no claims to cover all the sounds inthe English language.e.g. For vowel sounds we only use the long and the shortsounds of the 5 vowels. Experience has shown that – forour purposes - this simple distinction is enough.The ‘correct’ sound is the one used in the region wherethe student lives i.e. in their own ‘speech community’Copyright Keda Publications 2004all rights reserved

TOE BY TOEPlease cut and paste the following into your browser tohear the sounds we recommend using with your child Pg. 13 Copyright Keda Publications 2004all rights reserved

TOE BY TOE Toe by Toe insists upon 3 consecutive ticks beforewe can assume that a particular word (or skill) islodged in the long-term memory. i.e. on 3 consecutive days - the student hasdemonstrated that they know the correct sound. A very simple idea but so important for what we aretrying to achieve Copyright Keda Publications 2004all rights reserved

TOE BY TOECopyright Keda Publications 2004all rights reserved

TOE BY TOEWho can use Toe by Toe?Toe by Toe works best ‘one to one’. Specifictraining is not necessary. Simply follow thedetailed instructions in the red ‘coachingboxes’. Tutors can be: Parents, grandparents, siblings etc Teaching assistants (“para-professionals” in the USA) ‘Buddies’Copyright Keda Publications 2004all rights reserved

TOE BY TOEHow often should Toe by Toe be used? Daily for 15 – 20 minutes for optimum results. Frequent short sessions are better than longer infrequent sessions. Even once a week will work but takes much longer than the ‘targettime’. Time taken to finish the scheme varies depending upon frequencyof intervention and the severity of the student’s literacy problem.It can take less than 3 months or it can take a year or more. In sucha case you have to maintain the students’ self belief.Momentum brings confidence Copyright Keda Publications 2004all rights reserved

TOE BY TOEWe often urge people using TBT to follow the instructions to the letter and,in particular, aim for daily intervention to optimise results. Here's why:To reach the 'Threshold of Permanent Memory' requires ‘Optimal Review Frequency'. The sciencebehind ‘Spaced Repetition’ says: "“It is imperative that you undertake an initial review of thematerial within a day of learning it followed by two or three more reviews over the next fewCopyrightKeda Publications2004 over decades of trial anddays ” and that is pretty much whatKedaCowlingdiscoveredherselfCopyright Keda Publications 2004all rights reservederror research all rights reserved

TOE BY TOEGenerally speaking, the Toe by Toe scheme follows this sequence: Introduce a new skill Practise that skill in a nonsense word Practise the skill in a real word Practise the skill in text Introduce the next skill Copyright Keda Publications 2004all rights reserved

TOE BY TOEDyslexic students, from an early age, developcoping strategies. Unfortunately these caninterfere with their later efforts to learn toread. The two main coping strategies are: memorisation guessingCopyright Keda Publications 2004all rights reserved

TOE BY TOEKeda’s first great breakthrough camewhen she began to use nonsense words.The use of nonsense words pre-empts theuse of memorisation and guessing.Copyright Keda Publications 2004all rights reserved

TOE BY TOEThe second major breakthrough came withthe development of her unique syllabledivision.Keda found the more conventional syllabledivision (using 'closed' and 'open' syllables)was confusing for her students.She developed her own simplified versionwhich is at the heart of the TBT method.Copyright Keda Publications 2004all rights reserved

TOE BY TOE(Extract from Page 155 of TBT)If you were tutoring with TBT right now, would you feel confidentthat you knew the ‘correct’ way to say these words slaikathplaiminksnaicherCopyright Keda Publications 2004all rights pailtoadainbroachain

TOE BY TOETeaching Syllable Division (1) Check that the student can identify vowels byasking them to run through a sequence of letterssimply saying “yes” or “no”bngecakuloamngundfashwqCopyright Keda Publications 2004all rights reserved

TOE BY TOETeaching Syllable Division (2)Our ‘standard’ division is simply:Vowel Consonant /Unless the vowel is followed by a double (repeated) consonant.Thus:fin / supp / er / ol / mad / ett / ap / in(N.B. Never leave a single letter ‘hanging’ at the end )Copyright Keda Publications 2004all rights reserved

TOE BY TOESYLLABLE DIVISION PRACTICE .B. Never leave a single letter ‘hanging’ at the end )Copyright Keda Publications 2004all rights reserved

TOE BY TOETeaching Syllable Division (3)‘sh’ ‘th’ ‘ch’ ‘ck’These cannot be divided since they make a single,discrete sound. Thus,juckishellanbishoffachinetherCopyright Keda Publications 2004all rights reserved

TOE BY TOESYLLABLE DIVISION PRACTICE right Keda Publications 2004all rights reserved

TOE BY TOETeaching Syllable Division (4)‘tch’ ‘ph’Also cannot be divided, thus:tren / itch / ash / en / teph / on / otch / in / ashCopyright Keda Publications 2004all rights reserved

TOE BY TOESYLLABLE DIVISION PRACTICE yright Keda Publications 2004all rights reserved

TOE BY TOETeaching Syllable Division (5)‘oa’ ‘ai’ ‘ee’These vowel digraphs also make a single (long) sound.We take the long sound of the first and jump over thesecond. (When two vowels go walking, the 1st does thetalking ) Thus we treat them as we would a singlevowel and they cannot be divided. Thus:neet / ish / oad / en / dill / ain / seph / eesh / ingCopyright Keda Publications 2004all rights reserved

TOE BY TOESYLLABLE DIVISION PRACTICE yright Keda Publications 2004all rights reserved

TOE BY TOE(Extract from Page 155 of rapslaikathplaiminksnaicherCopyright Keda Publications 2004all rights pailtoadainbroachain

TOE BY TOEphlegmCopyright Keda Publications 2004all rights reserved

TOE BY TOEphlegmaticCopyright Keda Publications 2004all rights reserved

TOE BY TOEphleg / mat / icCopyright Keda Publications 2004all rights reserved

TOE BY TOEPlease note: The use of nonsense words is restrictedwhere there is a choice of soundsFor example: ‘ea’ can say ‘short e’ (head)or ‘long e’ (meat)Students only use real words to practice.(see TBT p 143)In such a case we say to the student:“If unsure, try both to see which sounds like a realword ”Copyright Keda Publications 2004all rights reserved

TOE BY TOEUnfortunately, we have to live with the fact that Englishspelling is rarely straightforward:Toe by Toe only teaches the 2 main sounds of ‘ea’.Consider:“steak”, “break”“meander”“creative”Consider also: “real” and “reality”combined with ‘r’ - it sounds like “ur” (early)(Not always, it doesn’t!! What about ‘heart’ ?)Essentially TBT teaches sounds/rules applicable 90% of the time.In practice this is enough.The student can use other reading strategies for the remainder.Copyright Keda Publications 2004all rights reserved

TOE BY TOETHE IRISH SURGEON LOVED TODRINK GUINNESSWHY ?Copyright Keda Publications 2004all rights reserved

TOE BY TOEgegigy“j”“j”“j”-soft sound of ‘g’soft sound of ‘g’soft sound of ‘g’gagogu“g”“g”“g”-hard sound of ‘g’hard sound of ‘g’hard sound of ‘g’Copyright Keda Publications 2004all rights reserved

TOE BY TOE(Extract from Page ermgribbentergertipodesapginategerminockCopyright Keda Publications 2004all rights irabegipoadermeelgerf

TOE BY TOEUnfortunately, English being English yAlways exceptions (‘Ballad of Reading Gaol’ - Where on earth did that spelling come from ?)Copyright Keda Publications 2004all rights reserved

TOE BY TOELet’s look at the following:concavecellarconcertcircuitWhat do these words tell us about the sound made by the letter ‘c’?Copyright Keda Publications 2004all rights reserved

TOE BY TOEcecicy“s”“s”“s”-soft sound of ‘c’soft sound of ‘c’soft sound of ‘c’cacocu“k”“k”“k”-hard sound of ‘c’hard sound of ‘c’hard sound of ‘c’i.e. e / i / y (the usual suspects ) give the consonant its ‘soft’ soundCopyright Keda Publications 2004all rights reserved

TOE BY TOE(Extract from Page oalsuncidaneCopyright Keda Publications 2004all rights reserved

TOE BY TOEThe only exception to the ‘twin consonant’ rule in Keda’ssyllable division occurs when we have a double ‘c’Normally, we would draw the line after the 2nd twine.g. conn / ec / tingHowever, with cc we draw the line in the middle c / cif it’s followed by e or i (again, the ‘usual suspects’)Thus (Page moatoc/cimetsacc/oltermacc/onerCopyright Keda Publications 2004all rights reserved

TOE BY TOEPractice (Page 199 in TBT cateCopyright Keda Publications 2004all rights reserved

TOE BY TOEWe are confident that Toe by Toe will work its magic foryou and your child. Please note that we now have aparents’ support group on Facebook: ‘Official Toe byToe Parents' Support Group (Worldwide)’ which youmay find interesting and useful. Just ‘cut & paste’ thefollowing into your 32824/?ref nf target&fref nfBest wishes to you both from all at Toe by Toe!Copyright Keda Publications 2004all rights reserved

Even once a week will work but takes much longer than the ‘target time’. Time taken to finish the scheme varies depending upon frequency of intervention and the severity of the student’s literacy problem. It can take less than 3 months or it can take a year or more. In su

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