Basic Botany For Master Gardeners.ppt [Read-Only]

Basic Botany for MasterG dGardenersJeff SchalauAgent, Agriculture & NaturalResourcesUniversity of Arizona CooperativeExtension, Yavapai County

Plant Functions: the BiggPicture Capture and store enough energy top(earn(a living)g)survive and reproduceOut compete neighborsAdapt to a variety of environmentsAdapt to herbivoryAdapt to changing environments

Scientific Names Kingdom – PlantaeDivisionClassOrderFamilyGenusSpeciesS bSubspecies,iVariety,V i t or CultivarC lti

Plant Diagram LeafStemBudR tRootFlower

Movement of Water andMaterialsXylem Xylem conductswater andmineral nutrientsupward toleavesPhloem conductssugars proteins,sugars,proteinsetc. downwardfrom leaves

Woody Plant Structure Cambium isthe thinlayer of cellsthat formxylem to theinside andphloem tothe outside

Woody Plant Growth

Secondaryy GrowthAnimation 8/secondary//y ggrowth v2.html

Features and TermsDescribing Stems NodesInternodesShootTwiggBranchTrunkWoodySucculent StolonCrownSpurTuberubeRhizomeBulbCorm

Leaves Venation/Shape–––– �–AlternateAlttOppositeWhorledSessile

Leaf Anatomyy

FlowersHow do plants reproduce?

Seed Anatomy

Seed Germinnatiion

Roots Function– Anchor– Absorb nutrients andwater– Food storage Root haihairssLateral rootsRoot capSecondary growth inwoody plants

Root StructureTap rootFibrous roots

Ph tPhotosynthesisth i The source off allll foodThf d andd oxygen on theth planetltInvolves an input of light energy from the sunConverts light energy into chemical energy(carbohydrates, then proteins, fats, and nucleicacids))Requires light, carbon dioxide (CO2), and water(H2O).Products are sugar (C6H12O6), and oxygen (O2).Occurs in plant structures called chloroplasts thatare rich with the pigment chlorophyll

Chemical Reaction duringgPhotosynthesisLightCarbon Dioxide Water º Sugar OxygenLightCO2 H2O º C6H12O6 O2Why do plants do this?It seems like a lot of work.

Where does s

Another look atphotosynthesis

Light and Wavelength

Aerobic RespirationSugar Oxygen º Carbon Dioxide Water EnergyC6H12O6 O2 º CO2 H2O EnergygyIs there a connection betweenphotosynthesis and respiration?

ConnectionsPhotosynthesisLightCO2 H2O º C6H12O6 O2C6H12O6 O2 º CO2 H2O EnergyRespiration

Photosynthesisyandrespiration in the plant

Transpiration Water enter the plant through the roots andexits through the stomata10% off theh water isi usedd forf photosynthesishh iand 90% to keep the plant cells turgidThe water moving into the plant and upthrough the xylem also transports mineralnutrientsEnvironmental factors (temperature, airmovement, and humidity) can affectamounts of water transpired at any giventime.

Factors Influencing PlantGrowth Light - quantity, quality, and durationTemperaturep- metabolism,, waterviscosity, dormancy, flowering, etc.Water - humidity,y, climate/soil/moisture, and qualityNutrients - 18 essential nutrients needto be relatively available to plants. Afew are from the atmosphere. Mostare found in the soil.

Plant Functions: the BiggPicture Capture and store enough energy top(earn(a living)g)survive and reproduceOut compete neighborsAdapt to a variety of environmentsAdapt to herbivoryAdapt to changing environments

Essential Plant NutrientsMacronutrients Carbon (C) Hydrogen (H) Oxygen (O) Nitrogen (N) Phosphorus (P) Potassium ((K)) Magnesium (Mg) Calcium ((Ca)) Sulfur (S)Micronutrients Iron (Fe) Boron (B) Zinc (Zn) Copper (Cu) Manganese (Mn) Molybdenumy((Mo)) Chlorine (Cl) Nickel ((Ni)) Cobalt (Co)

Ph t th iPhotosynthesis Th f ll f d d th l tThe source of all food and oxygen on the planet Involves an input of light energy from the sun Converts light energy into chemical energyConverts light energy into chemical energy (carbohydrates, then proteins, fats, and nucleic acids) Requires light, carbon dioxide (CO2), and wa