CURRICULUM OF BIOCHEMISTRY (BS/MS)
CURRICULUMOFBIOCHEMISTRY(BS/MS)(Revised 2013)HIGHEREDUCATIONISSIONCOMMHIGHER EDUCATION COMMISSIONISLAMABAD
HEC CURRICULUM DIVISIONDr. Mukhtar AhmedExecutive DirectorMr. Fida HussainDirector General (Acad)Mr. Rizwan ShoukatDeputy Director (Curr)Mr. Abid WahabAssistant Director (Curr)Mr. Riaz-ul-HaqueAssistant Director (Curr)Composed by Mr. Zulfiqar Ali, HEC Islamabad2
CONTENTS1.Introduction62.Standardized Format for BS (4-Year) in Biochemistry103.Layout for BS (4-Year) in Biochemistry114.Semester-wise Scheme of Studies for BS (4-Year)in Biochemistry125.Detail of Compulsory Courses146.Detail of General Courses157.Detail of Discipline-Specific Foundation Courses218.Detail of Major Courses289.Detail of Elective Courses4110.Compulsory Courses5411.List of MS/MPhil Courses653
PREFACEThe curriculum, with varying definitions, is said to be a plan of the teachinglearning process that students of an academic programme are required toundergo. It includes objectives & learning outcomes, course contents,scheme of studies, teaching methodologies and methods of assessment oflearning. Since knowledge in all disciplines and fields is expanding at a fastpace and new disciplines are also emerging; it is imperative that curricula bedeveloped and revised accordingly.University Grants Commission (UGC) was designated as the competentauthority to develop, review and revise curricula beyond Class-XII videSection 3, Sub-Section 2 (ii), Act of Parliament No. X of 1976 titled“Supervision of Curricula and Textbooks and Maintenance of Standard ofEducation”. With the repeal of UGC Act, the same function was assigned tothe Higher Education Commission (HEC) under its Ordinance of 2002,Section 10, Sub-Section 1 (v).In compliance with the above provisions, the Curriculum Division of HECundertakes the revision of curricula after every three years through respectiveNational Curriculum Revision Committees (NCRCs) which consist of eminentprofessors and researchers of relevant fields from public and private sectoruniversities, R&D organizations, councils, industry and civil society byseeking nominations from their organizations.In order to impart quality education which is at par with internationalstandards, HEC NCRCs have developed unified templates as guidelines forthe development and revision of curricula in the disciplines of Basic Sciences,Applied Sciences, Social Sciences, Agriculture and Engineering in 2007 and2009.It is hoped that this curriculum document, prepared by the respectiveNCRC’s, would serve the purpose of meeting our national, social andeconomic needs, and it would also provide the level of competency specifiedin Pakistan Qualification Framework to make it compatible with internationaleducational standards. The curriculum is also placed on the website of HEC(www.hec.gov.pk).(Fida Hussain)Director General (Academics)4
CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT CONSIDERATIONCURRI. INDRAFT STAGEFINAL STAGEFOLLOW UPSTUDYCOLLECTIONOF RECAPPRAISAL OF 1STDRAFT BY EXP. OFCOL./UNIVPREP. OFFINAL CURRI.QUESTIONNAIRECONS. OF CRC.FINALIZATION OFDRAFT BY CRCINCORPORATIONOF REC. OF V.C.C.COMMENTSPREP. OFDRAFT BYCRCAPPROVAL OFCURRI. BYV.C.C.PRINTING OFCURRI.REVIEWIMPLE. OFCURRI.BACK TOSTAGE-IAbbreviations Used:CRC. Curriculum Revision CommitteeVCC.Vice Chancellor’s EP. PreparationREC.ORIENTATIONCOURSESRecommendations5
INTRODUCTIONMINUTES OF THE FINAL MEETING OF HEC NATIONALCURRICULUM REVISION COMMITTEE ON BIOCHEMISTRY HELDAT HEC REGIONAL CENTRE, PESHAWAR FROM JUNE 24-26, 2013.The members of the National Curriculum Revision Committee on Biochemistry,developed frame work and revised the curriculum of BS & MS in Biochemistry intwo different meetings. The first meeting was held f r o m D e c e m b e r 2 6 2 8 , 2 0 1 2 at Karachi. The Second meeting was held from June 24-26, 2013at HEC Regional Centre, Peshawar. The following experts attended thesemeeting:1.Dr. Muhammad Hassan KhaskeliProfessorDepartment of BiochemistryShah Adbul Latif UniversityKhairpurConvener2.Dr. Asma GulAssistant Professor & ChairpersonDepartment of Bioinformatics & BiotechnologyInternational Islamic UniversityH-10, IslamabadSecretary3.Dr. Sajid MehmoodAssistant Professor & Head of DepartmentDepartment of Biochemistry & Molecular BiologyUniversity of Gujrat, GujratMember4.Dr. Naveed WasifAssistant ProfessorCenter for Research in Molecular MedicineThe University of LahoreLahoreMember5.Dr. Tahir MahmoodAssistant ProfessorDepartment of ChemistryUniversity of SargodhaSargodhaMember6.Dr. Asma SaeedAssistant ProfessorDepartment of Biological SciencesGomal UniversityDera Ghazi KhanMember6
7.Dr. AsnadAssistant ProfessorDepartment of BiochemistryAdbul Wali Khan UniversityMardanMember8.Dr. Muhammad ZahoorAssistant ProfessorDepartment of ChemistryUniversity of MalakandChakdara, Lower DirMember9.Mr. Aftab AhmedLecturerDeptt: of Biochemistry,University of PeshawarPeshawarMember10. Ms. Fatima SyedLecturer,Institute of Chemical Sciences,University of Peshawar,PeshawarMember11. Dr. Zahid KhanAssistant Professor,Institute of Chemical Sciences,University of Peshawar,PeshawarMember12.Dr. Iram MurtazaAssistant Professor,Department of Biochemistry,Quaid-i-Azam University,Islamabad.Member2The following Members attended the Preliminary meeting held inKarachi but could not attend the final meeting due to their engagements:1.Dr. Sohail Asif Qureshi,Dean,Department of Biology,Lahore University of Management Sciences (LUMS),Opp. Sector “U”,DHA, Lahore Cantt.2.Prof. Dr. Mumtaz Ali Qureshi,Professor and Chairperson,Department of Biochemistry,ISRA University, Hyderabad, Sindh.7
3.Prof. Dr. Samina Bano,Chairperson,Department of Biochemistry,University of Karachi, Karachi.4.Dr. Ashif Sajjad,Assistant Professor,Institute of Biochemistry,University of Balochistan, Quetta.5.Dr. Allah Bux Ghanghro,Associate Professor,Institute of Biochemistry,University of Sindh,Jamshoro.3.The Convener of the Preliminary meeting Prof. Dr. Mumtaz Ali Qurashicould not attend the meeting due to his academic engagements, thereforethe committee unanimously selected Dr. M. Hassan Khaskheli as Convenerand Dr. Asma Gul as Secretary upon the recommendation of Dr. Sohail AsifQureshi former Secretary, who actively participated behind the scene. Thecommittee members showed grave concern over the least participation fromthe members of NCRC. In order to complete the quorum, and to increase thelocal participation, four new members were invited from University ofPeshawar & Islamia College for participation. Mr. Riaz-ul-Haque assured thehouse to bring this issue under kind notice of the Competent Authority forfurther action against non-active members of the committee. He thenrequested the Convener to start the technical session as per agenda.4The meeting started with the recitation from the Holy Quran by Dr.Sajid Mehmood of University of Gujrat. Mr. Zaheer Ahmed Awan, DirectorHEC Regional Centre, Peshawar welcomed the participants of the meetingon behalf of Executive Director and the Chairperson HEC and briefed themabout the proceeding as per agenda items. Mr. Riaz-ul-Haque, AssistantDirector (Curriculum), HEC, Islamabad in the capacity of meeting coordinatorwelcomed the participants & requested the convener to chair theproceedings.5Prof. Dr. M. Hassan Khaskheli, Professor, Department of Biochemistry,Shah Abdul Latif University, Khairpur as Convener thanked the members fortheir trust in him and assured his best outcome through participation of allmembers. The Committee reviewed and discussed the curriculum ofBiochemistry, prepared in its preliminary meeting while working in variousgroups, as a whole. The former Secretary Dr. Sohail Asif Qureshi was alsotaken on board to guide the committee on various technical issues. The localparticipants also participated with vigour and enthusiasm.8
6The committee, after thorough discussion decided to assign 12 credithours to the Semester eight of the BS Programme with a rationale to promoteresearch culture at the BS level and motivate students to opt researchprojects, it was ensured not to affect the total credit hours pre-requisite fordegree completion.7.The Committee considered the inputs given by the various membersand after detailed discussion incorporated their suggestions in the draftcurriculum. The Committee, after three days deliberations, achieved thefollowing objectives:1.2.3.4.Reviewed and finalized the draft curriculum for Bachelor Studies(BS 4-year) in the discipline of Biochemistry so as to bring it atpar with international standards.Incorporated latest reading & writing material against eachcourse.Brought uniformity and developed minimum baseline courses ineach and every course of study.Made recommendations for promotion/development of thediscipline.8.The Convener of the NCRC thanked the members for their input inrevising curriculum keeping in view the requirement of the country and tomake it more practical competitive and effective.9.Mr. Riaz-ul-Haque, Assistant Director, Curriculum HEC thanked theConvener and all the members of the committee, on behalf of Mr. FidaHussain, Director General (Academics), HEC who could not attend themeeting due to official engagements, for sparing precious time and for theirquality contribution towards finalization of the preliminary draft curriculum inthe discipline of Biochemistry. The committee appreciated the efforts madeby the officials of HEC and of HEC Regional Center Peshawar, for providinglocal hospitality.10.The meeting ended with vote of thanks to and from the chair.9
STANDARDIZED FORMATFOR BS (4-YEAR) IN BIOCHEMISTRYSTRUCTURESr.Categories1. Compulsory courses2. General courses(to be chosen from otherDepartments)3. Discipline specific foundationcourses4. Major courses (including ResearchProject/Internship)5. Electives within the majorTotal Total numbers of credit hoursDurationSemester durationSemestersCourse load per semesterNumber of courses per semesterNo. ofcourses89CreditHours22277251747445121331334 years16-18 weeks815-18 Credit hours5-610
LAYOUT FOR BS (4 YEAR) IN BIOCHEMISTRYCompulsory Courses(student has no choice)8 courses22 Credit hoursSubject1. English I2. English II3. English III (Writing & Comm)4. Pakistan studies5. Islamic studies6. Mathematics (Calculus)7. Biostatistics8. Intro. to Computer ScienceCr. hr3332233322Discipline-SpecificFoundation Courses7 courses25 Credit hoursSubjectCrhr1. Introductory3 1Biochemistry2. Carbohydrates & 3 1Lipids3. Amino Acids &3 1Proteins4. Human3 0Physiology5. Enzymes2 16. Molecular3 0Biology7. Metabolism4 0General Courses(to be chosen from otherDepartments)9 courses27 Credit hoursSubject1. Social Science-I2. Social Science-II3. Marketing & Management4. Organic Chemistry5. Inorganic Chemistry6. Physical Chemistry7. Biophysics/AnalyticalChemistry8. Genetics9. MicrobiologyMajor Courses17 courses47 Credit hoursSubject1.2.3.4.5.6.Cell BiologyBiochemical TechniquesBiosafety & EthicsPlant BiochemistryClinical BiochemistryBiomembranes & CellSignaling7. Bioenergetics8. Research Planning &Report Writing(Eng-IV)9. Nutritional Biochemistry10. Bioinformatics11. Industrial Biochemistry12. Biotechnology13. Immunology14. Current Trends inBiochemistry15. Methods in MolecularBiology16. EnvironmentalBiochemistry17. Seminar25Cr. hr3 03 03 02 12 12 12 13 02 127Elective Courses withinthe Major4 courses12 Credit HoursCr SubjectCrhrhr2 1 1. Elective-I3 01 2 2. Elective-II3 02 0 3. Elective-III3 02 1 4. Elective-IV3 02 13 0 Note: Electivecourses2 0 are to be chosen2 1 from thegiven list.2 12 12 13 03 03 0ORAny other coursedepending uponthe expertiseavailable.2 12 01 04612TOTAL CREDIT HOURS 13211
SEMESTER-WISE SCHEME OF STUDIES FOR BS (4 YEAR) INBIOCHEMISTRYSEMESTERNAME OF SUBJECTFirstEnglish-IPakistan StudiesMathematics (calculus)Social Sciences-IOrganic ChemistryIntroductory RACTICAL0000112English-IIIslamic studiesInorganic ChemistrySocial Science-IICell BiologyCarbohydrates & Lipids32232315001011332333418English-III (Writing &Comm)Intro.toComputerScienceAmino Acids & ProteinsPhysical ChemistryBiosafety & 1115333318432320010043332Human gyEnzymesNutritional BiochemistryIndustrial BiochemistryMetabolismMolecular BiologyBiochemical TechniquesImmunologyEnvironmentalTHEORY3233341812
BiochemistryBioenergeticsSixthSeventhEightClinical BiochemistryMethods in isticsPlant BiochemistryResearch Planning &ReportWriting (English-IV)Biomembranes & CellSignalingMarketingManagement(Social Sciences-III)Elective-IElective-IICurrent 30333140013315303133101110000221331013213
DETAIL OF COMPULSORY COURSESBIOSTATISTICS(3 0)COURSE OBJECTIVES:To acquaint students with statistical techniques frequently used in biology toprocess real data.COURSE CONTENTS:Introduction and scope of biostatistics, Frequency distribution, measures ofcentral tendency and dispersion, statistical hypothesis and its significance,null and alternative hypothesis, confidence interval, tests involving binomialand normal distribution, Sampling techniques, Regression and correlation, Fdistribution, student’s t-distribution, chi-square test, Analysis of Variance(ANOVA), LSD test, experimental designs, Completely Randomized Design(CRD), Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD), Computer applicationsof Biostatistics, graphical representation of data.RECOMMENDED BOOKS:1. Mann PS, 2010. Introductory Statistics. 7th Edition; John Wiley and Sons.2. Freund JE and Perles MB, 2005. Modern Elementary Statistics; 12 thEdition. Pearson.3. Chaudhry SM, 2005. Introduction to statistical theory. 6th Edition; MarkaziKutub Khana, Lahore.4. Chernick MR and Friis RH, 2003. Introductory Biostatistics for the HealthSciences: Modern Applications Including Bootstrap. 1st Edition; WileyInterscience.5. Le CT, 2003. Introductory Biostatistics. 1st Edition; Wiley Interscience.MATHEMATICS (CALCULUS)INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER SCIENCE14
DETAIL OF GENERAL COURSESINORGANIC CHEMISTRY(2 1)COURSE OBJECTIVES:Students will acquire knowledge about the key introductory concepts ofchemical bonding, acid-base chemistry, and properties of p- block elementsas well as use this knowledge for qualitative and quantitative analysis ofinorganic compounds during laboratory work.COURSE CONTENTS: Chemical Bonding:Types of chemical bonding, ionic and covalentbonding, localized bond approach, theories of chemical bonding, valancebond theory (VBT), hybridization and resonance, prediction of molecularshapes using Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion (VSEPR) model,molecular orbital theory (MOT) applied to diatomic molecules, delocalizedapproach to bonding, bonding in electron deficient compounds,hydrogenbonding.Acids and Bases: Brief concepts of chemical equilibrium, acids and basesincluding soft and hard acids and bases (SHAB), relative strength of acidsand bases, significance of pH, pK a, pKb and buffer solutions, theory ofindicators, solubility, solubility product, common ion effect and theirindustrial applications.p-Block Elements: Physical and chemical properties of p-block elementswith emphasis on some representative compounds, inter-halogens,pseudo-halogens and polyhalides.PRACTICAL:Lab safety and good laboratory practices, knowledge about material safetydata sheets (MSD), disposal of chemical waste and first-aid practices,qualitative analysis of salt mixtures, quantitative analysis, acid- basetitrations, preparation and standardization of acid and alkali solutions, redoxtitrations, preparation and standardization of potassium permanganatesolution and its use for the determination of purity of commercial potassiumoxalate or oxalic acid, preparation and standardization of sodium thiosulfatesolution and its use in determination of copper in a given sample, gravimetricanalysis, determination of barium in a given sample, determination of chloridein a given solution.RECOMMENDED BOOKS:1. Shriver, D. F., Atkins, P. W., Langford, C. H., Inorganic Chemistry, 2nded., Oxford University Press, (1994).2. Cotton, F. A. and Wilkinson, G., Advanced Inorganic Chemistry, 6th ed.,John-Wiley & Sons, New York, (2007).15
3.Huheey, J. E., Inorganic Chemistry: Principles of Structure andReactivity, 3rd ed., Harper International SI Edition, (2006).4. House, J. E., Inorganic Chemistry, Academic Press. USA, (2008).5. Lee, J. D., Concise Inorganic Chemistry, 5th ed., Chapman and Hall,(1996).6. Miessler, G. L., Tarr, D. A., Inorganic Chemistry, 3rd ed., PearsonEducation, India, (2008).7. Huheey, J. E., Kieter E. A., Keiter L. R., Inorganic Chemistry: Principles ofStructure and Reactivity, 4th ed., Benjamin-Cummings Pub Co., (1993).8. Sharpe, A. G., Inorganic chemistry, 3rd ed., Pearson Education India,(1981).9. Chaudhary S. U., Ilmi Textbook of Inorganic Chemistry, Ilmi Kitab Khana,Lahore, (2013).10. Catherine E. House croft, Alan G. Sharpe, Inorganic Chemistry, 3rd ed.,Prentice Hall, (2008).11. Kathleen A. H., James E. H., Descriptive Inorganic Chemistry, 2nd ed.,Brooks Cole, (2010).12. Wulfsberg G., Principles of Descriptive Inorganic Chemistry, 1st ed.,University Science Books, (1991).13. Hill, R. H. JR and Fister, D. C., Laboratory Safety for Chemistry Students,John-Wiley & Sons, Inc., (2010).14. Mendham, J., Denny, R. C., Barnes, J. D., Thomas, M. and Sivasankar,B., Vogel’s Textbook of Quantitative Chemical Analysis, 6th ed., PearsonEducation, Ltd., (2000).15. Svehla, G., Vogel’s Qualitative Inorganic Analysis, 7th ed., (7th imp.),Pearson Education, Ltd., (2009).ORGANIC CHEMISTRY(2 1)COURSE OBJECTIVES:Students will acquire knowledge about basic concepts of organic chemistry,chemistry of hydrocarbons and functional groups and the mechanism oforganic reactions. Such information will be useful for qualitative analysis andsynthesis of organic compounds.COURSE CONTENTS: Basic Concepts of Organic Chemistry: Bonding and hybridization,localized and delocalized bonding, structure-aromaticity, inductive effect,dipole moment, resonance and its rules, hyperconjugation, classificationand nomenclature of organic compounds including IUPAC system, typesof organic reactions (an overview).Chemistry of Hydrocarbons: Saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons withemphasis on free radical, electrophilic addition and electrophilicsubstitution reactions.Chemistry of Functional Groups: preparation and properties of alcohols,phenols, ethers, and amines with focus on reaction mechanism and16
applications, preparations and reaction mechanism of aldehydes andketones and their applications, carboxylic acids and their derivatives,acidity of carboxylic acids and effect of substituents on their acidity,preparation and reactions of carboxylic acids and their derivativesincluding esters, amides, acid halides and acid anhydrides.PRACTICAL:Qualitative analysis of compounds with different functional groups, synthesisof organic compounds using as a tool for understanding techniques likereflux, distillation, filtration, recrystallization and yield calculation, organicsyntheses may include preparation of benzanilide from benzoyl chloride,succinic anhydride from succinic acid, phthalimide from phthalic anhydride,oximes and hydrazones from carbonyl compounds, and an ester from acarboxylic acid and alcohol etc.RECOMMENDED BOOKS:1.Brown, W. and Poon, T., Introduction to Organic Chemistry, 3rd Ed.,John-Wiley & Sons, Inc., (2005).2. John, E. M. Organic Chemistry, 8th ed., Brooks/Cole Publishing Co, USA,(2012).3. Robert, T. M. and Robert, N. B., Organic Chemistry, 6th ed., Prentice Hall,New Jersey, (1992).4. Younus, M., A Textbook of Organic Chemistry, Ilmi Kitab Khana, UrduBazar, Lahore, Pakistan, (2006).5. Sykes, P., A Guide Book to Mechanism in Organic Chemistry, 6th ed.,Pearson Education Limited, England, (1986).6. Solomons, T. W. G. and Fryhle, C. B., Organic Chemistry, 10th ed., JohnWiley & Sons, Inc., (2011).7. Furniss, B. S., Hannaford , A. J., Smith, P. W. G., Tatchell, A. R., Vogel’sTextbook of Practical Organic Chemistry, 5th ed., Longman, UK, (1989).8. Pavia, D. L., Kriz, G. S., Lampman, G. M and Engel, R. G., A MicroscaleApproach to Organic Laboratory Techniques, 5th ed., Brooks/ ColeCengage Learning, (2013).9. Mayo, D. W., Pike, R. M. and Forbes, D. C., Microscale Organic toLaboratory with Multistep and Multisacle Syntheses, 5th ed., John-Wiley &Sons, Inc., (2011).10. Gilbert, J. C. and Martin, S. F., Experimental Organic Chemistry: AMiniscale and Microscale Approach, 5th ed., Brooks/ Cole CengageLearning, (2010).11. Brown, W. H., Fotte, C. S., Iverson, B. L. and Anslyn, E. V., OrganicChemistry, 6th ed., Brooks/ Cole Cengage Learning, (2012).17
PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY(2 1)COURSE OBJECTIVES:Students will acquire knowledge to enable themselves to understand thefundamental principles and laws of thermodynamics and chemical equilibriumand to investigate the physical properties of ideal/non-ideal binary solutions.Students should also be able to study the rates of reactions and performrelated calculations.COURSE CONTENTS: Chemical Thermodynamics: Equation of states, ideal and real gases, thereal gas equation and the van der Waals equation for real gases, criticalphenomena and critical constants, four laws of thermodynamics and theirapplications, thermochemistry, calorimetry, heat capacities and theirdependence on temperature, pressure and volume, reversible and nonreversible processes, spontaneous and non-spontaneous processes,relations of entropy and Gibbs free energy with equilibrium constant,Gibbs Helmholtz equation, fugacity and activity.Chemical Equilibrium: General equilibrium expressions, reactionquotients, examples of equilibrium reactions in solid, liquid and gasphases, extent of reactions and equilibrium constants, Gibbs energies offormation and calculations of equilibrium constants, effect of temperatureand pressure on the equilibrium constants/compositions, van’t Hoffequation, Le-Chatelier’s principle.Solution Chemistry: Physical properties of liquids, surface tension,viscosity, refractive index, dipole moment etc. and their applications, briefaccount of interactions among the molecules in liquids, ideal and nonideal solutions, Raoult’s law and its applications, lowering of vaporpressure, elevation of boiling point, depression of freezing point, osmoticpressure, vapor pressure of non-ideal solutions and Henry’s law,abnormal colligative properties, degrees of association and dissociation ofsolutes, osmotic pressure and its measurement, fractional distillation andconcept of azeotropic mixtures.Chemical Kinetics: The rates of reactions, zero, first, second and thirdorder reactions with same and different initial concentrations, half-lives ofreactions, experimental techniques for rate determination and methods fordetermination of order of reaction (integration, half-life, initial rate, andgraphical methods), Arrhenius equation.PRACTICAL:Determination of viscosity and refractive index of liquids; Determination ofpercent composition of liquid solutions viscometrically; Determination ofrefractive index and molar refractivity; Determination of percent compositionof liquid solutions by refractive index measurements; Determination ofmolecular weight of a compound by elevation of boiling point (ebullioscopicmethod); Determination of molecular weight of a compound by lowering of18
freezing point (cryoscopic method); Determination of heatsolubility method; Determination of heat of neutralization ofbase; Kinetic study of acid catalyzed hydrolysis ofDetermination of partition coefficient of a substance betweenliquids.of solution byan acid with aethyl acetate;two immiscibleRECOMMENDED BOOKS:1.McQuarrie, D. A. and Simon, J. D., Physical Chemistry – A MolecularApproach,1st ed.,University Science Books,(1997).2. Atkins, P. and Paula, J.D., Atkin’s Physical Chemistry, 9th ed., OxfordUniversity Press, (2010).3. Shoemaker, D., Experiments in Physical Chemistry, 8th ed., McGraw-HillPublishing Company Limited, (2003).4. Silbey, R., Alberty, R. and Bawendi, M., Physical Chemistry, 4th Ed.,(2005).5. Atkins, P., Jones, L., Chemical Principles, 5th ed., W. H. Freeman andCompany, New York, (2010).6. James, A. M., Prichard, F. E., Practical Physical Chemistry, 3rd ed.,Longman Group Limited, New York, (1974).7. Chaudhary, S. U., Ilmi Textbook of Physical Chemistry, 2nd ed., Ilmi KitabKhana, Lahore, (2013).8. Atkins, P., Jones, L., Chemical Principles: The Quest for Insight, 5th ed.,W. H. Freeman, (2010).9. Linder, B., Elementary Physical Chemistry, World Scientific PublishingCo. Ptv. Ltd., (2011).10. Davis, W. M., Dykstra, C. E., Physical Chemistry: A Modern Introduction,2nd ed., CRC Press, (2011).BIOPHYSICS(3 0)COURSE OBJECTIVES:This course is intended for students studying life sciences and aims to impartfundamental concepts of physics in the context of biological systems.COURSE CONTENTS:Essentials of thermodynamics; concept of entropy, enthalpy and Gibb’s freeenergy; order and disorder in biological systems; molecules, diffusion,random walks and friction; methods of studying macromolecules; interactionsof molecules in 3-D space-determining binding and dissociation constants;molecular motors; sedimentation; Reynold’s number; chemical forces andself-assembly; physics of ion channels.RECOMMENDED BOOKS:1.Nelson P, 2004. Biological Physics, Energy, Information and Life. 1stEdition; WH Freeman & Company.19
2.3.4.5.Kirsten et al., 2010. Introduction to Biological Physics for the Health andLife Sciences. 2nd Edition; John Wiley & Sons.Davidovits P, 2013. Physics for Biology & Medicine. 4th Edition; AcademicPress.Newman, 2008. Physics of the Life Sciences. Springer.Duncan, 1975. Physics for Biologist. Blackwell Science.MICROBIOLOGY(2 1)COURSE OBJECTIVES:This course aims to familiarize students with fundamentals of prokaryotic andeukaryotic microbial life including viruses.COURSE CONTENTS:Overview and history of microbiology including microbial diversity (Archaea,bacteria, fungi, algae, protozoa), nutrition, growth, metabolism; cultivation;viruses; control of microorganisms: sterilization and disinfection, antimicrobialagents, antibiotics, antibiotic resistance and susceptibility, antifungal andantiviral agents; cell death; symbiosis, carbon, nitrogen, sulfur andphosphorus cycles; microbiology of soil, freshwater and seawater.PRACTICAL:Sterilization techniques; culturing of bacteria in liquid and on solid medium;Gram-staining of bacteria; colony and cell morphology; bacterial cell countand growth curves; biochemical tests.RECOMMENDED BOOKS:1.2.3.4.5.6.7.Alcamo IE, 2010. Fundamentals of Microbiology. 9th Edition, Jones andBartlett Publishers.Madigan MT and Martinko J, 2010. Brock Biology of Microorganisms. 13 thEdition; Pearson College Div.Talaro KP, 2009. Foundations in Microbiology: Basic Principles. 7thEdition; McGraw-Hill Publisher.Black JG, 2007. Microbiology: principles and explorations. 7th Edition;John Wiley and Sons.Baker et al., 2006. Instant Notes in Microbiology. 3rd Edition; Taylor andFrancis.Prescott et al., 2005. Microbiology. 6th Edition; McGraw-Hill MedicalPublishing.Cappuccino JG and Sherman N, 2013. Microbiology: a laboratorymanual. 10th Edition; Pearson Education.20
GENETICS(3 0)COURSE OBJECTIVES:To acquaint students with classical aspects of genetics.COURSE ses,dominance,recessiveness, codominance, and semidominance; principle of independentassortment; dihybrid and trihybrid ratios; gene interactions; epistasis andmultiple alleles; ABO blood type alleles and Rh factor alleles in humans;probability in Mendelian inheritance; structure of chromosomes; organizationof genes and genomes; nucleic acid function; DNA as warehouse of geneticinformation; experimental evidence that DNA is genetic material; sexdetermination; linkage and crossing over, Population genetics.RECOMMENDED BOOKS:1.2.3.4.5.Snustad DP and Simmons MJ, 2008. Principals of Genetics. 5th Edition;John Willy & Son, New York.Klug WS and Cumming MR, 2008. Concepts of Genetics. 9th Edition;Prentice Hall, USA.Pierce B, 2004. Genetics: A Conceptual Approach. 2nd Edition; WHFreeman, New York.Brooker R, 2011. Genetics: Analysis and Principles. 4th Edition; McGrawHill.Pierce BA, 2011. Genetics: A conceptual approach. 4th Edition. WHFreeman Publisher.DETAIL OF DISCIPLINE-SPECIFICFOUNDATION COURSESINTRODUCTORY BIOCHEMISTRY (3 1)COURSE OBJECTIVES:This course provides fundamental concepts in biochemistry, which focusesupon the major macromolecules and chemical properties of living systems.Primary topics include the structure, properties and functions of amino acids,proteins, carbohydrates, lipids and nucleic acids.COURSE OUTLINE:A general introduction to the science of biochemistry; importance and thescope of biochemistry; forms, functions and brief classification of prokaryotes;cellular architecture and diversity of eukaryotes; structure, physical propertiesand importance of water; unique properties of carbon and other elementsfound in biological molecules; nature of organic matter; isomerism; general21
reactions of different functional groups; biologically important organiccompounds/solvents; overview of biological molecule and their structuresincluding proteins, carbohydrates, lipids and nucleic acids; prebioticmolecular evolution and rise of living systems; review of the variety andecology of the living world; evolution of life; use and significance ofradioisotopes in biochemistry.PRACTICAL:Safety measures in laboratory; preparation of solutions routinely used inbiochemical experiments (e.g., percent, normal and molar solutions); pHdetermination using various methods; preparation of buffersRECOMMENDED BOOKS:1.2.3.4.5.Fundamentals of Bioche
4. Plant Biochemistry 5. Clinical Biochemistry 6. Biomembranes & Cell Signaling 7. Bioenergetics 8. Research Planning & Report Writing (Eng-IV) 9. Nutritional Biochemistry 10. Bioinformatics 11. Industrial Biochemistry 12. Biotechnology 13. Immunology 14. Current Trends in Biochemistry
1. Fundamentals of Biochemistry by J.L. Jain 2. Biotechnology by B.D., Singh 3. Principles of Biochemistry by Lehninger, Nelson & Cox 4. Outlines of Biochemistry by Conn & Stumpf 5. Textbook of biochemistry by A VSS, Ramarao 6. An Introduction to Practical Biochemistry by D.T. Plummer 7. Laboratory Manual in Biochemistry by Jairaman
Advancement to Candidacy Application pdf insert Biochemistry Year 3 10 Annual Ph.D. Thesis Committee Meeting Form (Years 3 – 5) 12 Biochemistry Year 4 14 Biochemistry Year 5 16 Biochemistry Year 6 18
Analytical Biochemistry (Textbook) Analytical Biochemistry, 2nd edition, by D.J. Holme and H. Peck, Longman, 1993 Available on Reserve. Physical Biochemistry (Textbook) Physical Biochemistry (2nd edition, 1982) D. Freifelder (QH 345.F72). This is a particularly good reference text for spectroscopy, centrifugation, electrophoresis, and other .
Department of Biochemistry - Website information 1. Department: Biochemistry 2. About Department The Department of Biochemistry was instituted as one of the departments of Sciences in the academic year 1998-1999. 3. Objective & Scope To enable the students to understand the concept of biochemistry regarding biomolecules
Department of Biochemistry Introduction: The dynamic department of Biochemistry is spear headed by our worthy principal Lt Gen Abdul Khaliq Naveed (HI) who is a pioneer in the field of medical biochemistry, chemical pathology and medical genetics. He is presiding over the national Society of Medical Biochemistry (SOMB).
1. Text book of Biochemistry - Chatterjee M.N.– Jaypee Brothers. 2. Text book of Biochemistry for Medical Students - Vasudevan D.M. - Jaypee Brothers. References: 1. Clinical Biochemistry – Metabolic & Clinical aspects - Marshall & Bangert – Churchill Livingstone. 2. Biochemistry
3.0 TYPES OF CURRICULUM There are many types of curriculum design, but here we will discuss only the few. Types or patterns are being followed in educational institutions. 1. Subject Centred curriculum 2. Teacher centred curriculum 3. Learner centred curriculum 4. Activity/Experience curriculum 5. Integrated curriculum 6. Core curriculum 7.
Text and illustrations 22 Walker Books Ltd. Trademarks Alex Rider Boy with Torch Logo 22 Stormbreaker Productions Ltd. MISSION 3: DESIGN YOUR OWN GADGET Circle a word from each column to make a name for your secret agent gadget, then write the name in the space below. A _ Draw your gadget here. Use the blueprints of Alex’s past gadgets on the next page for inspiration. Text and .
