Karibu Ujifunze Kiingereza - Kiingereza – Hatua Kwa Hatua

(1) an artist Kwa kawaida, kama neno litaanza na herufi a, e, i, o na ubasi tunatumia an badala ya a. Neno tunalotumia kwa herufi kati yahizi inaitwa VOWEL kwa Kiingereza.2 k.m.: an artist, an engineer.(2) (4) I have two brothers.She has two children.(Nina kaka wawili.)(Ana watoto wawili.)Kumbuka neno have (kuwa na) hubadilika kuwa has linapotumika nashe:IYouTheyhavea problem./hav/WeHeSheIthasa problem./haz/(3) two brothers Katika Kiingereza kama kuna kitu zaidi ya kimoja,kwa kawaida tunaongezea s mwishoni mwa neno. Mfano:one parent (mzazi mmoja)/wān pearanttwo parents (wazazi wawili)tuu pearants/19 My name is Paul (part 2)At Christmas, we go to Bristol. We visit our parents./at krismas wii gou tuu bristal wii vizit aua pearants/They live there. They have a house there./dhei liv dhea dhei hav a haus dhea/My father's name is Michael. (1) He is a teacher./mai faadhaz neim iz maikal hii iz a tiicha/My mother's name is Janice. She is a housewife./mai mādhaz neim iz janis shii iz a hauswaif/2 Tazama ukurasa 19 kwa maelezo zaidi.11

Kwa maneno yanayoishia na ch, s, sh, x na z ni lazima pia kuongeza ekabla ya s: one bus (basi moja) two buses (mabasi mawili).one church (kanisa moja) two churches (makanisa mawili)/wān bās, tuu bāsizwān chaach, tuu chaachiz/(5) children Idadi ndogo ya maneno hayatumii s kuonesha kunazaidi ya kitu kimoja lakini huonesha kwa njia tofauti: one child (mtotommoja) two children (watoto wawili)/wān chaild tuu childran/one man (mwanamme mmoja) two men (wanaume wawili)one woman (mwanamke mmoja) two women (wanawake wawili)/wān man tuu menwān wumantuu wimin/18 student studentsbedbeds/styuudants bedzartistartistsbrother brothersaatists brādhazproblem problemssister sistersproblamz sistazteacher teachersshopshopstiichaz shopsbagbagsbagzmatch matcheshouse housesmachiz hauziz(kiberiti) (viberiti)man menwoman women child children men wimin childran/Jina langu ni Paul (sehemu 2)Wakati wa Krisimasi, tunaenda Bristol. Tunawatembelea wazaziwetu. at Christmas-wakati wa Krisimasi we go-tunaenda we-sisi go-endavisit-tembelea our-yetu parent-mzaziWanaishi huko. Wana nyumba huko.there-huko, pale house-nyumbaJina la baba yangu ni Michael. Ni mwalimu.father-baba teacher-mwalimuJina la mama yangu ni Janice. Ni mama wa nyumbani.mother-mama12

(1) My father's name Kumbuka kuwa kama kitu fulani kinamilikiwana mtu fulani tunatumia 's mwishoni mwa neno.Katika maneno mengi, sauti ya herufi ya mwisho husababisha skusikika kama z ya Kiswahili.John's house (nyumba ya John)/jonz hausMary's children (watoto wa Mary)meariz childranMy mother's name (jina la mama yangu)mai mādhaz neim/Kama wamiliki ni zaidi ya mmoja mara nyingi kunakuwepo na s(angalia (3) juu). Katika hali kama hii tunaweka alama (') katikamaandishi baada ya s:the boys' teacher (mwalimu wa wavulana)/dha boiz tiichathe girls' house (nyumba ya wasichana)dha gaalz hausmy parents' house (nyumba ya wazazi wangu)mai pearants haus/Mazoezi ya kuongea20 He has a bag.II have a bag.sisterI have a sister.shopI have a shop.HeHe has a shop.SheShe has a shop.houseShe has a house.gardenShe has a garden.It23 At a wedding (part 3) - Where is the present?A (Ann): Where is Trevor?/wear iz treva/B (Daniel): He's there, by the door. (1)/hiiz dhea bai dha doo/A: Darling, where is the present? (2)/daaling wear iz dha prezant/C (Trevor): You have it./yuu hav it/A: No. You have it./nou yuu hav it/13/danyal//thrii/

It has a garden.YouYou have a garden.TheyThey have a garden.problemThey have a problem.HeHe has a problem.TheyThey have a problem.WeWe have a problem.Herufi na matamshiManeno mengi ya Kiingereza yanaishia na -er. Zingatia matamshi:21 fatherfarmer/faadha faamateachersistertiicha sistabrothershopkeeperbrādha shopkiipa/22 my father and mother/mai faadhar and mādhaMy father is a farmer.mai faadhar iz a faamaMy brother and sister are at home.mai brādhar and sistar aar at houm/Wazungumzaji wengi wa Kiingereza hawatamki r mwishoni mwamaneno haya isipokuwa ikiwa neno linalofuata baadae unaanza navowel (a, e, i, o na u). Tazama ukurasa wa 19.Jaza nafasi zilizoachwa wazi (3)1) I h two brothers. 2) John' bag is red. 3) I l in London.4) John h two sister . 5) Three bus go from here to London.6) My father' house is i Bristol. 7) I am a artist.Harusini (sehemu 3) - Zawadi iko wapi?A (Ann): Trevor yuko wapi?B (Daniel): Yuko pale mlangoni.door-mlangoby the door-mlangoniA: Zawadi iko wapi, mpenzi?darling-mpenzipresent-zawadiC (Trevor): Unayoit-hii, hiki n.k.A: Hapana. Unayo wewe.14

C: Oh. Sorry. It's in the car. It's on the back seat. Give methe key. I can get it. (3) (4)/ou sori its in dha kaa its on dha bak siit giv mii dha kii ai kan get it/A: I can go./ai kan gou/C: It's okay. I can do it. (5)/its oukei ai kan duu it/(1) He's Hii ina maana sawa katika Kiingereza kama He is. InaitwaSHORT FORM (short-fupi). Matumizi ya he is na he’s ni sahihi katikamaongezi. Short form haitumiki katika barua za kiofisi./shoot foom/24 I am I'mWe are We're/ai am aim wii aa weaHe is He'sThey are They'rehii iz hiiz dhei aa dheaShe is She'sIt is It'sshii iz shiiz it iz its/(2) darling Hii ina maana ya ‘mpendwa’ na mara nyingi hutumika katiya mme na mke.(3) Oh Hii ina maana halisi na ni sauti ambayo hutumika ili kuoneshamshangao.(4) give me the key me na I zote zina maana sawa lakini hutumikakwa tofauti – hii itajadiliwa zaidi baadae katika kozi hii – kwa sasakumbuka mifano ifuatayo:I am a teacher. (Mimi ni mwalimu)I live in London. (Ninaishi London)Give me the key. (Nipe ufunguo)Tell me the answer. (Niambie jibu)/tel mii dhii aansa/tell (ambia) answer (jibu) )Herufi na matamshiSikiliza namna ambavyo maneno haya yanatamkwa na baadayeyaseme kwa sauti. Kama huwezi kupata rekodi, maandishi yamatamshi yapo kwenye ukurasa 18.25 bag amred bedbig ison shop not stopbus26 hi by I myhe she wedo togo no15

C: Samahani, iko kwenye gari kwenye siti ya nyuma. Nipatieufunguo. Naweza kuichukua. sorry-samahani in the car-kwenyegari, garini car-gari back seat-kiti cha nyumaseat-siti/kitime-mimi key-ufunguo can-wezaget-chukua, letagive-patiaA: Naweza kwendago-endaC: Hakuna shida. Naweza kufanya hivyo.okay-sawa It's okay-hamna shida, hakuna shida do-fanya27 familylibrarysorryhappypartyarmy(-a furaha)(sherehe, chama) (jeshi)Mazoezi (Usijibu maswali kwenye kitabu kama unataka kukitumiatena): A) a brother two brothers 1) a farmer two2) ateacher two 3) a car two 4) a match two5) a bus two 6) a man two 7) awomantwo 8) a childtwoB) He is an artist. She is a housewife. 1) She is doctor. 2) He isengineer. 3) I am farmer. 4) She is teacher. 5) I ambusinessman.C) I am a doctor. We are doctors. 1) They teachers. 2) I anengineer. 3) She a teacher. 4) We farmers. 5) You afarmer. 6) It a shop. 7) They shops. 8) He an artist. 9) Ifrom Manchester. 10) He from Manchester. 11) Where thehospital? 12) Where the present? 13) Where the presents?D) I am I'm1) She is 2) We are 3) Youare 4) They are 5) He is 6) It is E) I have a problem. He has a problem. 1) We a car. 2) Shea car. 3) You a car. 4) It a problem. 5) Theya problem. 6) John a problem.F)David has a car. The car is David's car. 1) Mary has a car.The car is car. 2) The teacher has a car. The car is the16

car. 3) The teachers have a car. The car is thecar.G)from totooninbehindPleased to meet you. 1) The shop is the hospital. (nyuma(ya)) 2) The bag is the back seat. 3) I am London but Ilive Bristol. 4) We go Manchester.Misamiati ya ziada28 airport (uwanja wa ndege) bus stop (kituo cha basi) /eapoot bās stopbus station (kituo kikuu cha basi)bās steishantrain station (stesheni ya treni)trein steishancar park (maegesho ya magari) city centre (jijini) kaa paak siti sentapolice station (kituo cha polisi)paliis steishanpost office (ofisi za posta) restaurant (mgahawa) poust ofis restarontroad (barabara) square (uwanja)roud skwea/29 accountant(mhasibu) book-keeper(mweka hazina) /akauntant bukkiipabuilder (mjenzi)butcher (muuza nyama)bilda buchacook (mpishi)cleaner (mfanya usafi)kuk kliinadomestic servant (mtumishi wa ndani)damestik saavantfirefighter (askari zimamoto) fisherman (mvuvi)faiafaita fishamanhousekeeper (msimamizi wa nyumba)hauskiipabank manager (meneja wa benki)bank manijahotel manager (meneja wa hoteli)houtel manijaminer (mchimba madini)painter (mpaka rangi)maina peintapolice officer(askari polisi) politician (mwanasiasa) paliis ofisa politishanshop assistant (muuza duka msaidizi)shop asistantsoldier (mwanajeshi)souljawaiter (muhudumu wa kiume)weitawaitress (muhudumu wa kike)weitrasworker (mfanyakazi)waaka/30 son (mtoto wa kiume)daughter (binti)/sān dootahusband (mume)wife (mke)hāzband waifuncle (mjomba/baba mdogo/baba mkubwa)ānklaunt (shangazi/mama mdogo/mama mkubwa)aantgrandmother (bibi) grandfather (babu)grandmādha grandfaadha/17

31 Numbers: 1-101 one2 two5 five6 six9 nine 10 ten(namba 1-10)3 three4 four7 seven8 eight/nāmbaz wān ta tenwān tuu thrii foofaiv siks sevan eitnain ten/Maneno magumuManeno haya yanavyoandikwa ni tofauti na yanavyotamkwa nakumbuka mara zote namna ya kuyatamka. Kama huwezi kusikilizarekodi ili kujua namna ya kuyatamka, angalia matamshi kwenyeukurasa huu chini.32 businessman cousindaughterfriendkey firefighterschool one two eight where women stationmosqueMajibuJaza nafasi zilizoachwa wazi:(1) 1) Where 2) It 3) Thank 4) is please 5) The or (2) 1) are am 2) my3) meet 4) from 5) a (3) 1) have 2) John's 3) live 4) has sisters 5) buses6) father's in 7) anMazoezi:(A) 1) farmers 2) teachers 3) cars 4) matches 5) buses 6) men 7) women8) children (B) 1) a 2) an 3) a 4) a 5) a (C) 1) are 2) am 3) is 4) are 5)are 6) is 7) are 8) is 9) am 10) is 11) is 12) is 13) are (D) 1) She's2) We're 3) You're 4) They're 5) He's 6) It's (E) 1) have 2) has 3) have 4)has 5) have 6) has (F) 1) Mary's 2) teacher's 3) teachers' (G) 1) behind2) on 3) from in 4) toMaandishi ya matamshi ya 25bagamred bedbig izonshop not stopbāsMaandishi ya matamshi ya 26:hai bai ai maihii shii wiiduu tuuMaandishi ya matamshi ya 27:famali laibrarisorihapipaatiMaandishi ya matamshi ya 32:biznismankāzandootafrendkiiskuul wān tuueitweawimin steishan18gou nouaamifaiafaitamosk

Tumia Kiingereza ulichojifunza:Kama una ndugu au rafiki anayejifunza Kiingereza pia, au anayejuaKiingereza, jaribu kufanya naye mazungumzo haya:1) Kutana na rafiki kwenye sherehe, msalimie kwa Kiingereza,mtambulishe kwa ndugu yako.2) Mwambie jina lako, unakoishi na kazi yako.3) Ongelea kidogo kuhusu ndugu yako huyo.Sarufi za Kiingereza zilizotumika katika kitabu hiki:1) Vowel (irabu)/vaual/Vowel ni sauti inayotamkwa wakati mdomo wa juu haugusi mdomo wa chini.Katika Kiingereza kwa kawaida huandikwa kama inavyoandikwa katikaKiswahili kwa herufi a,e,i,o na u. (Hata hivyo mara nyingine katika Kiingerezainawezekana kwamba sauti ya vowel inatokana na herufi nyingine tofauti).2) Short form: (short-fupi)/shoot foom/Kuna njia ndefu na fupi ambazo mara nyingi tumika katika Kiingereza.Kiingereza kina namna zote mbili: mfano: I am I'mI'm ni short form ya I am. Wazungumzaji wa Kiingereza hutumia namna zotembili lakini hupendelea zaidi namna fupi wanapozungumza haraka. Shortform haitumiki katika barua za kiofisi.3) Weak form: (weak-dhaifu)/wiik foom/Baadhi ya maneno katika Kiingereza yana namna zaidi ya mojayanavyotamkwa hasa maneno mafupi ambayo hutumika mara nyingi. Kwamfano the inaweza kutamkwa kama /dhii/ na pia kama /dha/ na neno and (na)linaweza kutamkwa kama /and/ au /and/. (/and/ ni weak form ya /and/ na /dha/ni weak form ya /dhii/). Njia zote ni sahihi lakini wazungumzaji wa Kiingerezawanapendelea zaidi weak form (ambayo ni ya haraka) wanapozungumzaharaka.Maandishi ya Matamshi:1) Utangulizi: Tofauti na Kiswahili, Kiingereza cha kuandika mara nyingihakitumii herufi zilezile kuwakilisha matamshi yaleyale katika Kiingereza chakuongea. Namna nzuri ya kujifunza matamshi ya Kiingereza ni kusikilizarekodi za maneno zilizoambatanishwa kwenye kozi. Lakini njia hiiikishindikana, tumia maandishi ya matamshi.teacher (mwalimu) /tiicha/office (ofisi)/ofis/Maandishi ya matamshi yameandikwa katikati ya mistari miwili na ni madogozaidi kuhakikisha hayachanganywi na maneno halisi ya Kiingerezayaliyoandikwa.2) Mistari: Herufi ambazo zina tofauti kubwa kati ya lugha mbilizinaoneshwa kwa mstari (aidha juu au chini): aā iu mf. bus(basi) /bās/ linapozungumzwa na mzungumzaji, sauti ya katikati ya neno hili19

si sawa na sauti ya neno la Kiswahili 'basi'. Herufi bila mstari huashiria kuwamatamshi ni sawa au yanakaribiana na Kiswahili.3) Italic (Italiki): Baadhi ya herufi zinaandikwa katika italiki: mf: aa ii uu aiea oo/italik//e f g h i j k l m n/(herufi i, j na k zimeandikwa katika staili ya italic)Hii ni kuwakumbusha wasomaji kuwa katika Kiingereza sauti zinazotokana naherufi hizi mbili pamoja zinazungumzwa kama silabi moja na siyo silabi mbili.Kwa maana hiyo sauti ii katika neno la Kiingereza teacher (/tiicha/) ni tofautina sauti ii katika neno la Kiswahili 'mtalii'.4) Bold (mkazo): Mara nyingi sehemu ya neno inaadnikwa katika staili yabold:/bould//a b c d e f g h i j/ (herufi f,g na h zimeandikwa staili ya bold)Hii inaonesha kuwa sehemu ya neno lililoandikwa kwa staili ya boldlinatamkwa kwa mkazo zaidi kuliko sehemu isiyoandikwa kwa aina ya bold.mf: teacher (/tiicha/) Sehemu ya kwanza; tea- inatajwa kwa nguvu zaidikuliko ya pili -cher. Katika neno behind (nyuma -a) /bihaind/, ni sehemu yapili inayotamkwa kwa nguvu zaidi.5) rHerufi r haijatokea katika maandishi ya baadhi ya maneno.mf. farm (shamba) /faam/teacher /tiicha/Hii ni kwa sababu wazungumzaji wengi wa Kiingereza hawatamki herufi hii(katika maneno haya) Kama neno linaishia na irabu na r, herufi r hutamkwaiwapo tu neno linalofuatia linaanza na sauti ya irabu pia.car (gari) /kaa/ His car is blue. (gari lake ni la buluu) /hiz kaar iz bluu/Wazungumzaji wengi wa kimarekani na baadhi ya waingereza hutamka herufir katika maneno haya na si kosa kufanya hivyo. Maandishi ya matamshiyanawakilisha matamshi ya wazungumzaji wa Kiingereza (cha Uingereza)kama kwenye rekodi.Maongezi:(1) Maongezi yaliyotumika katika kitabu hiki yanaonyesha mazungumzo yakila siku ya kiingereza hivyo yameambatana na alama zinazoashiria kusitakatika mazungumzo (wakati mzungumzaji anapoacha kuzungumza ili kufikiri.Zingatia kwamba vitu hivi kwa kawaida havipo katika lugha ya maandishi. (2)Doti tatu (.) hutumika kuonesha pale mzungumzaji anapoacha au kuendeleakwa maongezi. (3) Baadhi ya sauti zinayotumika katika maongezi yaKiingereza kama 'oh' na 'um' (ambazo uonesha mshangao na kusita katikamaongezi) huwepo lakini hayawezi kutumika katika maandishi rasmi, kamabarua ya kikazi. Maneno haya yanapotokea. (4) Tafsiri ya maandishiinawakilisha maana ya jumla na si ya neno kwa neno. Kwa kuwa mtiririko wamaneno ya Kiingereza na Kiswahili ni tofauti, maneno ya Kiingerezayametafsiriwa katikati ya maandishi (5) Pale ambapo maneno yaliyotumika20

ni tofauti sana na Kiswahili, tafsiri ya neno kwa neno imetumika pamoja natafsiri ya jumla.Jinzi ya kufanya Mazoezi ya Kuongea:Mazoezi haya yanakupa nafasi ya kutumia maneno uliyojifunza katikasentensi ambazo zina sarufi sahihi.1.) Kubadilisha neno:Msikilize mzungumzaji anavyobadilisha neno katika sentensi kwa kutumianeno jingine kuunda sentensi mpya na ufanye kama alivyofanya.a) Mzungumzaji atasoma sentensi na atakapomaliza neno jipya litatokea:Where is the hospital?schoolb) Mzungumzaji anatengeneza sentensi mpya kwa kutumia neno jipya nakuondoa neno liliokuwepo: Where is the school?Hivi ndivyo zoezi litaonekana katika Kiswahili:Hospitali iko wapi?shuleShule iko wapi?2.) Kufanya mabadiliko mengine:Unapobadilisha neno moja katika sentensi mara nyingi utatakiwa kubadilishaneno jingine au maneno mengine ili sentensi mpya kwa sahihi mf.:Duka liko wapi?YeyeYeye yuko wapi?Katika Kiswahili si sahihi kusema 'Yeye liko wapi?Huu ni mfano wa Kiingereza:I am a managerSheShe is a manager.Katika Kiingereza si sahihi kusema 'She am'. Kwa hiyo ni lazima tubadilishe'am' kwenda 'is' wakati tunapobadilisha 'I' kwenda 'she'.Kwenye sauti zilizorekodiwa kuna muda wa kutosha wa kujaribu kuundasentensi wewe mwenyewe kisha uangalie kama huko sahihi wakatimzungumzaji atakaposoma sentensi inayofuata. Jaribu kufanya mazoezi bilakuangalia kitabuni.Orodha ya maneno yaliyotumika katika hiki, yameorodheshwa kwa orodhaya alphabetiki. (Maneno mengi ya Kiingereza yana maana zaidi ya mojatafsiri iliyotolewa hapa katika baadhi ya maneno ni ile tu ilivyotulika katikakitabu hiki.) Pale ambapo tafsiri ya moja kwa moja haikupatikana,imetolewa nambari ya ukurasa ambapo neno hili limetumika ambapoutapata mifano ya matumizi ya neno hiloa (uk. 7-9)/ei, a*/accountant mhasibu/akauntant/airport uwanja wa ndege/eapoot/alright! sawa, mzima /oolrait/am kuwa, ni (uk. 5-8) /am, am*/an (uk. 9,11)/an, an*/Ann jina la Kiingereza /an/and na /and, and*/answer jibu /aansa/are kuwa, ni (uk.7-8) /aa, a*/army jeshi/aami/artist msanii/aatist/21assistant msaidizi/asistant/at (uk. 5,7, 14) /at, at*/aunt shangazi, mama mdogo,mama mkubwa/aant/back seat siti ya au kiti chanyuma/bak siit/bag begi, mkoba, mfuko /bag/

bank benki/bank/it hii, hiki nk. (uk. 3,5,6,13) /it/excuse me samahanibed kitanda/bed/ /ikskyuuz mii/Janice jina la Kiingereza /janis//famli, famali/ job kazibehind nyuma ya/bihaind/ family familia/job//faama/ John jina la Kiingereza /jon/big -kubwa/big/ farmer mkulima/faadha/ key ufunguoblack -eusi/blak/ father baba/kii/fine nzuri, zima/fain/ library maktaba/laibrari/book-keeper mweka hazina/bukkiipa/firefighter askari zimamotolive ishi, kaa/liv/boy mvulana/boi//faiafaita/London jiji katika Uingerezafisherman mvuvi/fishaman/ /lāndan/Bristol jiji katika Uingerezafive tano/faiv/ Lucy jina la Kiingereza /luusi//bristal/brother kaka/brādha/ four nne/foo/ man mwanaume/man/builder mjenzi/bilda/friend rafiki/frend/ manager meneja/manija/bus basi/bās/ from (uk. 7, 9)/from, fram*/ Manchester jiji katikagarden bustani/gaadan/ Uingereza/manchista/bus station kituo kikuu chabasi/bās steishan/ general jenerali /jenral, jenaral/ married oa/olewa/marid/bus stop kituo cha

Utaona kuna baadhi ya herufi za Kiingereza hutamkwa namna tofauti katika maneno tofauti. Hasa, mchanganyiko wa herufi pamoja na herufi a,e,i,o and u, mara nyingi haiwakilishi sauti u