12 Tests And Testing Procedures According To IEC/EN Standards

2y ago
187 Views
5 Downloads
220.92 KB
5 Pages
Last View : 17d ago
Last Download : 2m ago
Upload by : Jamie Paz
Transcription

12Tests and Testing Procedures According to IEC/EN Standards22Products such as connecting devices, rail-mounted terminal blocks and connectors, etc., have there own product-specific testspecifications. The following paragraphs which include the most important tests are both limited to describing the testmethods and explaining the test purpose. The values stated in the following paragraphs (e.g. voltages, temperatures, forces,etc.) are solely for the purpose of clarification and may vary according to the test used.Mechanical TestsAll WAGO products meet the requirements of the following mechanical tests. Connecting conditionsThe CAGE CLAMP S is a furtherdevelopment of the universal CAGECLAMP allowing the connection ofsolid, stranded and fine-stranded conductors rated AWG 24 (0.2 mm2) toThe Push-wire connection in applica- AWG 6 (16 mm2) (AWG 4/25 mm2 only“f-st“) and offering all the benefits andtions with exclusively solid conductors;e.g. for lighting and building wiring, tel- safety of the original CAGE CLAMP ecommunication, house communication connection. Furthermore, using theCAGE CLAMP S connection technology,or alarm systems.solid and stranded conductors ratedConductor cross section rangeAWG 20-6 (0.5 mm2 - 16 mm2) as well0.28 mm2 up to 4 mm2/AWG 24 – AWG 12.as fine-stranded conductors with crimped ferrule rated from AWG 20 (0.5The CAGE CLAMP connection as a mm2) to AWG 6 (16 mm2) can beuniversal clamping system for solid, connected by simply pushing them in.stranded and fine-stranded conductorsThe conductor entry hole is designedfor applications in industrial electricaland electronic engineering; preferenti- to ensure an optimum adaptation toally for fine-stranded conductors in the the insulation cross sections of conducelevator industry, in power stations, the tor rated cross sections, thus guaranteeing good conductor guidance.chemical, automobile industry andon board ships.Conductor cross section rangeThis is of particular importance for0.08 mm2 up to 35 mm2/AWG 28 – AWG 2.applications subject to vibration.Conductor connectionTwo connection systems have proventhemselves in the market for springclamp connectors:In practice, there is always a danger ofvery small cross section of fine-strandedwire being fragile enough to allow it tobe pushed into the point where theconductor insulation is being clampedby the clamping unit.In order to prevent resulting “accidentalcontact“ we provide insulation stopsleeves for WAGO rail-mounted terminal blocks with cross section up toAWG 12 (4 mm2) which avoid this danger even with conductors of AWG 28(0.08 mm2).Rated cross section and connectable conductorsI. According to IEC 60999-1 / EN 60999-1 / VDE 0609 part 1, table 1:Theoretical diameter of the largest 82.3a)2.9a)3.9a)5.16.37.89.2Wire size24222018–161412108642Flexibleb)c)Class BSolidStrandedClassI, K, 364.325.737.269.02RigidFlexibleTo be specifiedin the relevantproductstandardNOTE: Diameters of the largest rigid and flexible conductors are based on Table 1 of IEC 60228 A und IEC 60344 and,for AWG conductors, on ASTM B172-71 [4], IECA Publication S-19-81 [5], IECA Publication S-66-524 [6] and IECA Publication S-66-516 [7].a)Dimensions for class 5 flexible conductors only, according to IEC 60228 A.b)Nominal cross section 5 %c)Largest diameter for conductors of classes I, K, M 5 %In practical use the conductor cross sections are approx. 5 % below the values stated in the table!

1223This specification concerning clampingunits - IEC 60999-1/EN 60999-1/VDE 0609 part 1, contains the following requirement (paragraph 7.1):Clamping units must be suitable forconnecting unprepared conductors.With normal operating conditions thisdirect clamping, i. e. the direct contacting of the conductor at the current barof the terminal block, results in optimum contact quality as any additionalrisk factors arising in connection withanti-splaying methods, are prevented.Occasionally, due to wire handling onsite, conductor anti-splaying methodsmay be necessary. Various methodsmay be used (as illustrated below).For applications in special areas withextremely corrosive atmospheres, special conditions apply.In this case the use of solid copperwires or fine-stranded copper wireswith properly crimped, tinned copperferrules or copper pin terminals isrecommended.II. According to IEC 60999-2, table 1:Theoretical diameter of the largest gid FlexibleThus the fine strands are crimped to adense inner core, like solid copperwire. This action prevents the ingress ofthe aggressive atmosphere (dependingon the ppm concentration), which candiffuse into the conductor bundle alongthe individual strands and hence causecorrosion deposits between individualstrands and the clamping point.1 conductor per clamping unitA number of VDE-specifications specifythat only one conductor may be connected to each clamping unit, forexample DIN VDE 0611, part 4/2.91,clause 3.1.9The same applies to the recommendations of the association of the Germanautomotive industry “Supply specification for the electrical equipment ofmachines, mechanical installations andbuildings in the automotive industry“acc. to clause 15.1.1.3, draft 8.93.Other VDE-specifications recommendthe connection of one conductor perclamping unit unless the clamping unitis specifically tested and approved forthe connection of several conductors:VDE 0660, part 500, 08.00/EN 60439-1: 1999, clause 7.8.3.7To be specifiedin the relevantproductstandarda) Dimensions for class 5 flexible conductors only, according to IEC 60228A.NOTE: Diameters of the largest rigid and flexible conductors are based on Table 1 and Table 3 of IEC 60228 Aand, for AWG conductors, on ASTM B 172-71 [1], IECA Publication S-19-81 [2],IECA Publication S-66-524 [3] and IECA Publication S-66-516 [7].VDE 0113, part 1, 11.98EN 60 204-1: 1997, clause 14.1.1VDE 0609, part 1, 12.00/EN 60999-1:2000, clause 7.1One conductor per clamping unit istherefore recommended, to meet thesafety requirements of these relevantspecifications.This WAGO principle is the basis for anumber of other technical and economic advantages:Each conductor may be installed orremoved without affecting previouslyinstalled wires.Partial stripping of the insulationThe use of crimped ferrules(gastight crimped)With all anti-splaying methods whichincrease the diameter of the conductor, it is necessary to use the terminalblock one size larger than the nominal cross section.Tinning of the end of the conductorsTip-bonding of conductor endsor pin terminals (gastight crimped),preferably produced from copperwith tinned surface.Each conductor is clamped independently of the other. Any combinationsof conductor cross section or kind ofconductor (stranded and solid) can beconnected.Multi-conductor 3- and 4-wire terminalblocks may be selected, or a variety ofcommoning jumpers may be chosen.12

1224Tests and Testing Procedures According to IEC/EN Standards (continued)Mechanical Tests (continued) Pull-out test according to IEC/EN 60947-7-1, IEC/EN 60998-2-2, IEC/EN 60999-1This test simulates the mechanical stress on the clamping unit when, for example, the installer is pushing the conductor asideso that the adjacent clamping unit can be better operated or when he wants to check if the wire is connected properly bybriefly pulling on it.During the test, a pulling force is applied without jerks, for one minute, to the connected conductor. The pulling force is selected according to the cross-sectional area. The larger the cross-section of the conductor, the higher the pull-out force isselected. For example, the pulling force is 40 N for a conductor having a cross-section of 1.5 mm2 (AWG 16) and 100 N fora conductor having a cross-section of 16 mm2 (AWG 6). The values specified by the standard are the same for bothscrew-clamp and spring-clamp terminal blocks. During the test, the conductor shall neither slip out of the clamping unit norbreak near the clamping unit.Conductor pull-out forcesThe clamping units of screwless terminalblocks have to withstand the pull-outforces as follows:IEC 60947-1/EN 60947-1/VDE 0660,part 100, table 5Low-voltage switchgear and controlgear, general rulesIEC 60947-7-1/EN 60947-7-1/VDE 0611, part 1,rail-mounted terminal blocks for copperconductorsIEC 60998-2-1/EN 60998-2-1/VDE 0613, part 2-1, table 104IEC 60998-2-2/ EN 60998-2-2/VDE0613, part 2-2, table 103Connecting devices for low-voltage circuits for household and similar purposes.Particular requirements for connectingdevices as separate entities with screwclamp or with screwless terminal blocks.IEC 60999-1/EN 60999-1/VDE 0609,part 1, table 3:IEC 60999-2/EN 60999-2, table 2:Safety requirements for screw-clampand screwless clamping units for electrical copper conductorsRated cross-sectional areaPull-out forces according to IEC/ENAWG/MCM60947-7-1N60998-2-2N60999-1/ 00500503578503578300600578578mm2

1225 Shock test according to IEC/EN 60068-2-27, 60068-2-30; Railway applications IEC/EN 61373The shock test is very similar to the vibration test (see pages 12.26 and 12.27) except that, instead of continuous vibrations,single shocks are applied to the specimen. Shock tests are usually carried out with an acceleration of 20 g over 11 milliseconds. Tests for special requirements often need much higher values. Just like vibration tests, shock tests are primarily usedto test the voltage drop variation or contact breaks, etc.e.g. shock requirementaccording to IEC/EN 60068-2-27Half-sine shock30 g acceleration11 ms durationDirection of shock: 3 axes3 shocks in positive direction and 3 shocks in negative direction.Time dependent course of the shock / 30 g, 11 msNegative directionTime dependent course of the shock / 30 g, 11 msPositive directiona in m/s2a in 0100-30050-3500-400-4500.035 10 20 30 40 50 6070 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170t inms-50-67.50.035 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170Status:Cause:StopNumber of shocks ready!Status:Cause:StopNumber of shocks ready!Date:Time:Modulation:Warning limits:Turn-off limits:06.10.200409:02:1682.2 %inactiveinactiveDate:Time:Modulation:Warning limits:Turn-off limits:06.10.200409:03:3287.5 %inactiveinactiveControl:activeTotal number of shocks: 3Shocks processed:3Top acceleration: 308.68 m/s2Speed: 2.09 m/sUpper warning limitsLower warning limitsUpper turn-off limitsScheduled. curve of acc.Actual curve of acc.Measurement curve of accelerationLower turn-off limitsControl:activeTotal number of shocks: 3Shocks processed:3Top acceleration: 306.84 m/s2Speed: 2.08 m/sUpper warning limitsLower warning limitsUpper turn-off limitsScheduled. curve of acc.Actual curve of acc.Measurement curve of accelerationLower turn-off limitst inms12

1226Tests and Testing Procedures According to IEC/EN Standards (continued)Mechanical Tests (continued) Vibration test acc. to IEC/EN 60068-2-6; Shipbuilding GL, LR, DNV; Railway applications EN 61373The vibration test is aimed at finding out if vibrations, such as those produced in the vicinity of machines or in vehicles, willpermanently affect the electrical connection or if contact breaks will occur during vibrations. Using a vibration table, the testspecimen is submitted to vibrations in each of the X, Y and Z axes (see pictures). The amplitude, the acceleration andespecially the frequency of the vibrations shall vary during the test.For example, a common test is carried out using a wide frequency band up to 2000 Hz with different accelerations upto 20 g and varying amplitudes up to 20 mm. The test duration can be 90 minutes per axis.Other types of test are carried outusing a single fixed frequency. Theexact test procedure shall vary considerably depending on how the productwill be used. Some test specificationsrequire the determination of possibleresonant frequencies, i.e. finding out ifresonances will occur within the frequency spectrum to be passed through.Analysing the specimen behavior underthe influence of resonant frequencies iscarried out using a special testing procedure.Apart from the standard tests mentioned above, special test procedures arecarried out by the railway company,for example, on rolling stock electricalequipment or by shipping classificationsocieties such as Germanischen Lloyd,Lloyd’s Register of Shipping, Det NorskeVeritas.Though the requirements of such testprocedures are particularly high, testarrangements are identical for all ofthem. During vibrations, possiblecontact breaks are monitored on anoscilloscope. Voltage drop is measuredbefore and after the test to detectpermanent failures, i.e. checking if theelectrical resistance at the clamping unithas not increased beyond the permissible limit. The smaller this value is, thesmaller the contact resistance of theclamping unit will be.The test is passed if the conductor hasneither slipped out of the terminal blocknor been damaged, the maximum permissible voltage drop has not beenexceeded and neither contact breakshave occured nor a defined break timehas been exceeded.After the test, the specimens shouldshow no damage which could affectsubsequent operation.

NOTE: Diameters of the largest rigid and flexible conductors are based on Table 1 of IEC 60228 A und IEC 60344 and, for AWG conductors, on ASTM B172-71 [4], IECA Publication S-19-81 [5], IECA Publication S-66-524 [6] and IECA Publication S-66-516 [7]. a) Dimensions for class 5 flexible co

Related Documents:

NFP121 5 Sommaire 1) Tests et tests unitaires - Outil : junit www.junit.org une présentation Tests d'une application - Une pile et son IHM Tests unitaires de la pile Tests de plusieurs implémentations de piles Tests d'une IHM Tests de sources java Invariant et fonction d'abstraction comme tests - Tests en boîte noire - Tests en boîte blanche

AP Biology Practice Tests 2 2020 2020 Practice Tests . AP Calculus AB Practice Tests ; 2 2020 . 2020 . Practice Tests . AP Calculus BC Practice Tests 2 2020 2020 . Practice Tests . AP Chemistry Practice Tests . 2 2020 . 2020 : Practice Tests AP Computer Science 2 2019 2020 Practice Tests . AP English Language and Composition Practice Tests : 2 2020

1 G/TIMS TESTING SETUP – PART II, TESTS Overview This checklist covers setting up Tests in G/TIMS. A separate checklist, Testing Setup – Part I shows how Question Banks are set up. Application Access refreshes the list of Tests 7 – Status has four options for Tests: Design: All of a Tests’ fields can be edited; the Status can be changed to ‘Pending Approval’ or ‘Active’.

The testing and verification of relay protection devices can be divided into four groups: - Routine factory production tests - Type tests - Commissioning tests - Occasional maintenance tests TYPE TESTS Type tests are needed to prove that a protection relay meets the claimed specification and follows all relevant standards.

TOEFL Primary Tests The TOEFL Primary tests are available throughout the world. Schools may arrange for the testing of individual classes or the entire school. Parents may arrange for testing by contacting a local ETS TOEFL Primary program associate to find out when and where testing is available. The fee to take the TOEFL Primary tests varies .

THE SAT SUBJECT TESTS What Are the SAT Subject Tests? The SAT Subject Tests (formerly called the SAT II tests and the Achievement Tests) are a series of college entrance tests that cover specific academic subject areas. Like the better-known SAT test, which measures general verbal and math skills, the SAT Subject Tests are given by the College .

The IQ Workout Series THE COMPLETE BOOK OF INTELLIGENCE TESTS Philip Carter RangaRakes tamilnavarasam.com. . Examples of ability tests are; general intelligence tests (IQ tests), knowledge-based attainment tests and aptitude tests, which test the . Test A is a series of 20 questions designed to test your knowledge

These tests work as much like the real GMAT exam as possible. We ask that you take 7 tests during your course. These tests are found in the Core Tests folder. If you wish to take the other 3 tests, you can find those in the Supplemental Tests folder. To get the most out of your practice tests, you should act