GET MOVING - University Of Calgary In Alberta

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GETMOVING :Helping childrenwith ADHDthrough exercise

ContentsDoes your child have ADHD?2Getting physical4How does the exercise program work?7How is exercise helping?8Mental Health1

Does your child have ADHD?Many children can, at times, display behaviours thatare typical of ADHD (Attention Deficite HyperactivityDisorder) — things such as being impulsive, inattentive orhyperactive. But that doesn’t mean they have the disorder.The diagnostic guidelines for ADHD list a number ofrequirements that help health care providers determinewhether or not a child has ADHD. They considerquestions including: Did the behaviours appear before age seven andcontinue for at least six months? Are the behaviours inappropriate for the child’s age? Are the behaviours excessive, long-term and pervasive? Do they occur more often in the child than in others thesame age? Are the behaviours a problem all the time or are they inresponse to a temporary situation? Do the behaviours occur in many different settings oronly in one specific place, such as the playground?Mental Health2

Do the behaviours create a handicap in at least twodifferent realms such as classroom, playground, home,a social setting, the community?Source: Mental Health CanadaFACTS1ADHD is oneof the mostcommon mentalhealth conditionsin children3Boys arethree timesmore likelythan girls todevelopADHDAbout%75of childrenwith ADHD willhave it throughadolescenceMore than%50of children withADHD will carryit into adulthoodADHD may be linked to premature birth exposure to high levels of lead in early childhood brain injuries or the maternal use of alcohol or tobaccoSource: Statistics CanadaMental Health3

Getting physicalIt often becomes apparent that a child has ADHD as theystart school. Children with the disorder, one of the mostcommon childhood mental health conditions, have a hardtime concentrating and controlling their behaviour. Sittingstill at a desk and paying attention to the teacher at thefront of the classroom is very difficult, if not impossible.Researchers at the University of Calgary are exploringhow to better support children with ADHD so theycan succeed at school, at home and in the community.They have found that exercise in the morning helpschildren perform better in the classroom. Research intoan exercise program developed in Calgary, SPARK forLearning, is contributing to a growing understandingof the link between physical activity and emotional andsocial wellbeing in children with ADHD.The SPARK program operates in a number of schools inand around Calgary. It sees children and their teachersdo about 20 minutes of physical activity first thing in themorning. They do a range of moderate to vigorous activitiesbefore they settle in for the day (in some schools they do 10minutes of exercise twice a day).WE’VE SEENIMPROVEMENTS INSOCIAL DOMAINS,EMOTIONAL DOMAINSAND WE HAVE SEENSOME CARRY OVEREFFECTS INTO THEACADEMIC SIDEOF THINGS. ANDWE’VE SEEN KIDSWHO WERE EXCLUDEDRE-ENGAGE WITHTHE CLASSROOM.– Emma ClimieThese activities include everything from fitness circuitsin the hallways or classrooms, to playing tag outside orin the gym, to following along to a workout video in aclassroom. The students use a variety of motor skills —jumping, skipping, hopping and running — and they workcollaboratively with their classmates and teachers towardthe same goal.“The SPARK for Learning program is very collaborative,”says Emma Climie, a registered psychologist andassistant professor in the School and Applied ChildPsychology program in the Werklund School ofEducation. “It’s not a competitive environment so theydo a lot of team activities.”Mental Health4

Michelle Deen, a registered psychologist with Rocky ViewSchools, started the SPARK for Learning program whenshe was a teacher in Calgary. After it had been running forabout 18 months, Deen started a masters in psychology atthe University of Calgary. She and Climie worked togetherto research the SPARK program and they found that it’shelping children with ADHD manage their behaviours andemotions. SPARK for Learning“We see changes in self-regulation, self-esteem, and adecrease in terms of the amount of behavioural problems,”says Climie. “And we’ve seen changes in terms of theclassroom environment.” The students are more readyand available to learn after the exercise – they’re lessanxious and they have fewer complaints about physicalailments like stomachaches or headaches. “Studentsreport significantly decreased levels of hyperactivity andinattention in the classroom,” says Deen. “Teachers reportsimilar findings, with a significant decrease in hyperactivity/impulsivity and attention problems.”Mental Health5

With students more receptive to information, teachers areable to cover more curriculum. “We’ve seen improvementsin social domains, emotional domains and we have seensome carry over effects into the academic side of things,”says Climie. “And we’ve seen kids who were excluded reengage with the classroom.”The idea of doing 20 minutes of physical activity first thingin the morning doesn’t have to be limited to the classroom.Some children have come back to school after theChristmas holidays or other breaks and told their teachersthat their family set up an exercise circuit in the basement.“The kids are taking this home,” says Climie, “Because theyfeel better after doing it.”STUDENTS REPORTSIGNIFICANTLYDECREASED LEVELS OFHYPERACTIVITY ANDINATTENTION IN THECLASSROOM.– Michelle DeenMental Health6

How does the exerciseprogram work? Students and teachers do 20 minutes of continuousmoderate to vigorous aerobic physical activity togetherevery morning during the first period. The teachers act as models for the students. Doing theexercise together, they foster positive relationships,help enhance the school climate and increase the senseof community. It’s different than Physical Education (PE) classes.PE is about mastering skills while SPARK for Learningfocuses on participation and effort.TEACHERS REPORTSIGNIFICANTDECREASES INCOMPLAINTS FROMSTUDENTS ABOUTPHYSICAL AILMENTS.Mental Health7

How is exercise helping? Incorporating physical activity in the school day helpsstudents manage their behaviours and regulate theiremotions as well as develop positive values, life skillsand self-esteem. Over the course of the year, students report asignificant decrease in levels of anxiety and engagingin odd or strange behaviours. Teachers report significant decreases in complaintsfrom students about stomachaches, headaches andother physical ailments. Teachers report that their students are betterable to adapt to changes in classroom routinesand demonstrate leadership in certain situations.They’re also more comfortable and confident intheir classroom groups.Mental Health8

By increasing their level of attention and decreasingtheir behavioural difficulties, students are better able toabsorb more curriculum content.Useful links for Spark for Learning:Strengths in ADHDCBC NEWSPHE CanadaMental Health9

helping children with ADHD manage their behaviours and emotions. SPARK for Learning “We see changes in self-regulation, self-esteem, and a decrease in terms of the amount of behavioural problems,” says Climie. “And we’ve s

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