DUKE PLASTIC AND RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY
A History ofDUKE PLASTIC ANDRECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY
1934RANDOLPH JONES, JR.Prior to the formal development ofplastic surgery as a subspecialty,plastic and reconstructiveprocedures at Duke Universitywere performed by both Dr. DerylHart and Dr. Clarence Gardner.In 1934, Dr. Randolph Jones wasappointed as the first chief of thedivision of Plastic Surgery aftercompleting his general surgeryresidency at Duke.Excellence inLEADERSHIPEvery chief of Plastic Surgery hascontributed in a unique way tobuilding what is now recognizedas a top academic, clinical, andeducational program.He served in this position until hewas tragically gunned down by aparanoid schizophrenic patient in1941 who believed he had beenmistreated. A total of six bulletsentered the surgeon’s body beforethe assailant was overpoweredby several other physicians. Dr.Jones’ widow, Virginia Jones, whoremarried Duke’s football coachWallace Wade, donated money forDuke Plastic Surgery Research inthe name of her late husband in1986 under the stipulation thatthe donation remain anonymousuntil her death.
1944KENNETH PICKRELLDr. Kenneth Pickrell was recruitedto join the staff at Duke in 1944and assumed the role of head ofthe Division of Plastic Surgery.Dr. Pickrell completed a surgeryresidency at Johns Hopkins, whichincluded training in all specialties ofsurgery. He developed an interestin plastic surgery and trained underpioneering plastic surgeonDr. John Staige Davis in Baltimore.Dr. Pickrell was recruited to Dukeand served as chief of PlasticSurgery for 30 years. He also servedas chief of neurosurgery for ashort time until Dr. Barnes Woodallreturned from WWII.In 1946, he initiated the DukePlastic Surgery residency trainingprogram, one of the first in thecountry and the only three-yearprogram. Dr. Pickrell trainedover 50 residents during his timeas chief and was known for hiscompassion and “little acts ofkindness and love.” His dedicationto the division helped establishDuke Plastic Surgery as a nationalleader.1975NICHOLAS GEORGIADEIn 1975, Dr. Nicholas Georgiadeearned the position of chief ofthe division. Dr. Georgiade helddegrees in both dentistry andmedicine and completed hisresidency at Duke in 1954.During his tenure at Duke,Dr. Georgiade became a highlyaccomplished and renownedacademic plastic surgeon withspecific expertise in cleft lip andpalate repair, as well as breastsurgery. He routinely sought outinnovators in all fields of plasticsurgery and was known to visitthem in order to learn theirtechniques and incorporate theminto his practice at Duke. He roseto leadership positions in nearlyevery plastic surgery society in theUnited States. The impact of Dr.Georgiade’s work and leadershipin Duke Plastic Surgery is stillpresent today.
19851995DONALD SERAFINL. SCOTT LEVINFrom 1985 to 1995, the chiefof the division was Dr. DonaldSerafin. It was during this time thatmicrosurgery became a mainstayof plastic surgery at Duke.Dr. Serafin was a global pioneerin reconstructive microsurgeryand hosted the prestigious PlasticSurgery Research Council at Dukein 1983. He offered a microsurgicaltraining course that trained over 100surgeons from all over the worldin the microsurgery technique. Hepublished a compendium of flaps forreconstruction that included a videolibrary of flap dissections.In 1985, Serafin recruitedmicrovascular physiologist BruceKlitzman to direct the researchlab. Among other research, Serafinand Klitzman pioneered severaltechniques for post-op monitoringof free flaps, including continuousoxygen measurement, laser Dopplerflowmetry, and fluorescent tracerappearance in flaps followingintravascular injection.In 1995, Dr. L. Scott Levin becamethe chief of Plastic Surgery at theage of 40. Dr. Levin completed anOrthopedic Surgery residency andPlastic Surgery residency at Dukeand brought a unique perspectiveto the division.Known for his charisma andinspiring speeches, Dr. Levinrapidly ascended to becomea world-recognized leader inreconstructive microsurgery,particularly in the field oforthopedic reconstruction, a typeof work he often referred to as“orthoplastic” surgery. He servedas chief of the division until 2009,at which time he relocated tothe University of Pennsylvania tobecome chair of the Departmentof Orthopedics.
2009GREGORY GEORGIADEFollowing Dr. Levin’s departure,Dr. Greg Georgiade becamechief of the division. The son ofNick Georgiade, Dr. Georgiadecompleted his MD, General Surgeryresidency, and Plastic Surgeryresidency at Duke.Under Dr. Georgiade’s leadership,the division grew to 10 full-timefaculty performing every aspect ofplastic surgery. Dr. Georgiade alsopiloted a transition in the residencyprogram, from the “independent”track to the “integrated”program which started in 2013.Dr. Georgiade brought ScottHollenbeck, Suhail Mithani, DavidPowers, and Alexander Allori to theDuke faculty.2017JEFFREY MARCUSOur current chief is Dr. JeffreyMarcus, who assumed the positionin 2017 after Dr. Georgiaderesigned. Dr. Marcus is the firstchief of Plastic Surgery to havetrained under the integrated plasticsurgery paradigm, finishing histraining at Northwestern in 2001.He completed both pediatric andcraniofacial fellowships at TorontoSick Kids Hospital. During this time,he was recruited to Duke by Dr.Levin during his fellowship trainingand traveled between Toronto andDurham to see patients and build afacial reanimation program.During his nearly 15 years as anattending, he was an innovator,inventing a hybrid MMF device, anexcellent educator, and a hospitaladministrator. As chief of surgeryfor DUke Children’s Hospital(2015–2017), he organized efforts inreceiving level 1 designation fromthe American College of Surgeons in2016, with Duke being one of only 5hospitals in the country to receivethis status. As chief, his missionstatement is “top 5 in 5,” and heis committed to making Duke thebest plastic surgery program in thecountry.
ProgramsAT DUKEClockwise from top left:Dr. David Sabiston meets with medicalteam; Dr. J. Leonard Goldner at work in theoperating room; the original entranceto Duke Hospital South.
MicrosurgicalRECONSTRUCTIONWithin Duke’s Department ofSurgery, the combined efforts ofthe Divisions of Orthopaedics,Plastic Surgery, and Neurosurgeryestablished and contributed to Duke’sreputation as one of the world’s leadinginstitutions for microsurgery.During the late 1960s, as advances inmicroscopes and instruments cameabout, the reconstructive microsurgeryprogram at Duke began. At that time, Dr.J. Leonard Goldner, professor and chiefof Duke Orthopaedics, encouraged Dr.James Urbaniak to study the circulationof the flexor pollicis longus tendon.Dr. Urbaniak used the operatingmicroscope to dissect the vincula of thetendon, and subsequently discoveredthe merits of operative microscopy forsurgical procedures.In 1968, Dr. Susumu Tamai, a Japaneseorthopaedic surgeon, described thefirst thumb replantation. Following thislandmark case, the field of operativemicrosurgery in orthopaedics andplastic surgery began to become areality. Dr. Urbaniak established Duke’sreplantation team in the early 1970s,which included Dr. Donald Bright, Dr.Lee Whitehurst, and Dr. PanayotisSoucacos. The Duke replantation teamshared their early clinical experiencewith other replant centers, such asthe Buncke Clinic in San Francisco,the Kleinert Kutz Hand Care Center inLouisville, Kentucky, and the IndianaHand Center in Indianapolis.At the same time that hand and digitalreplantation was developing, Dr.Blaine Nashold and his neurosurgicalcolleagues were already using theoperating microscope on a routine basisfor spinal and cranial surgery at Duke.Dr. Urbaniak followed the missionof Duke University Medical Center,translating basic science researchfrom bench to bedside. Following Dr.Urbaniak’s lead, Dr. Richard Goldner,Dr. Andrew Koman, Dr. James Nunley,and Dr. Scott Levin participatedin microsurgical efforts, and thereplant service grew. At the time themicrosurgical program was developing,the Duke Hand Fellowship Programwas established. The program trainedplastic and orthopaedic microsurgeonsfrom the United States and abroad—surgeons who were and have remainedin positions of leadership in handsurgery and microvascular surgery.Dr. David Sabiston, the legendary chairof Duke Surgery from 1964 to 1994, setup a dual service line of microsurgery,with Orthopaedics performing themajority of the replantations and PlasticSurgery performing free-tissue transfer.Reconstructive microsurgery as we knowit today evolved from the experiencewith replantation and subsequentlywith techniques of autologous tissuetransplantation. This technique waspopularized at Duke by Dr. DonaldSerafin and the late Dr. Bill Barwick inthe 1970s and early 1980s.Perhaps the greatest contribution thatDr. Levin made to Duke Plastic Surgerywas establishing the Duke HumanTissue Laboratory. This began as a singleroom in what was the Bell Building thatcontained a single dissection table and afew instruments for anatomic teaching.Working collaboratively with theDepartment of Anatomy and with thesupport of Ralph Snyderman and Robert
Anderson, 300,000 was invested intospace that added additional dissectiontables and a cold storage facility tostore cadavers. The anatomic dissectionfacilities were modeled after those ofDr. Levin’s mentor and teacher, the lateRobert Acland of Louisville, Kentucky.Because of Dr. Levin’s interest inanatomic teaching as it relates toreconstructive surgery, the first DukeFlap Course was established in 2001 andevolved to attracting students, residents,and attending surgeons from around theworld. This group comes to Durham for48 hours every August to learn from thebest and most prominent reconstructivemicrosurgeons in the world. Each year,the Marko Godina Traveling fellowattends the course and over the lastdecade an honorary distinguishedProfessor has attended as well. Dr. Levin“The magic of themicrosurgical experienceat Duke began withconquering the onemillimeter vessel.Subsequently, our abilityto reliably execute freetissue transfer has ledto an entire spectrumof microvascularand microneuralreconstructive surgeries.The future is bright withthe Duke microsurgeryteam.”Dr. Scott Levin,Division Chief 1995–2009handed the reins of this course to hisfriend and colleague Michael Zenn, whohas expanded the Duke flap experience.Over the last 50 years, Duke’s plasticsurgery service has assumed theresponsibility of major flaps andmicrovascular tissue reconstruction. Itsdiversity of microsurgical proceduresleads the country with extensiveexperience in extremity treatment oftrauma, oncologic reconstruction, and thetreatment of congenital deformities usingmicrosurgical techniques. Today, theentire armamentarium of microsurgicalfree tissue transfer is performed at Duke.Breast surgery and reconstruction hasbecome a field rich in microsurgicaltechniques. For many years, Dukehas been a national leader in breastsurgery. Through pioneering work, Dr.N. Georgiade and his general surgeoncolleague Dr. Siegler demonstratedthe feasibility of preserving breastskin, including the nipple, during amastectomy. What has now becomeroutine was at one time consideredoutlandish.In addition, the technique of usingperforator flaps for breast reconstructionwas brought to Duke by Dr. MichaelZenn in the early 2000s. In 2010, DukePlastic Surgery graduate Dr. ScottHollenbeck joined Dr. Zenn in performingmicrosurgical breast reconstruction. Dr.Hollenbeck also currently serves as theDirector of Microsurgery Training, and hasworked to develop simulator models andvideo training for the current residents.The extremity reconstruction service atDuke includes tumor reconstruction forsoft tissue and bone sarcomas, foot andankle microvascular reconstruction, andlimb salvage, for which it is internationallyrecognized.
The team of extremity surgeons includesDr. Detlev Erdmann, Dr. Howard Levinson,and Dr. Scott Hollenbeck. Dr. SuhailMithani joined the Duke Plastic Surgerydivision in 2012 after completing a HandFellowship at Duke. He adds expertise inupper and lower extremity reconstructionand vascularized lymph node transfer fortreatment of lymphedema.The microsurgery program continuesto evolve, not only in teaching butwith allotransplantation research. Theprogram is currently involved in thedevelopment of vascularized compositeallotransplantation (VCA), the next step inmicrosurgery’s evolution.In 2014, Dr. Linda Cendales joined theDuke Plastic Surgery faculty to establisha comprehensive research programin VCA from the bench to the bedside.Dr. Cendales’ position as principalinvestigator is funded by the U.S.Department of Defense to support limbtransplantation, a procedure that mayhelp benefit soldiers wounded duringcombat. She and her team designed andestablished a VCA model in nonhumanprimates and were the first to show thatthe newest medication approved by theFood and Drug Administration (FDA) forkidney transplantation prevents rejectionin VCA in both nonhuman primates andin human hand transplantation. Theclinical research program became areality in 2016, when Dr. Cendales’ teamsuccessfully performed the first handtransplant in the state of North Carolina.To quote Dr. Levin: “The magic of themicrosurgical experience at Dukebegan with conquering the onemillimeter vessel. Subsequently, ourability to reliably execute free-tissuetransfer has led to an entire spectrumof microvascular and microneuralreconstructive surgeries. The future isbright with the Duke microsurgery team.”Dr. Linda Cendales leadsteam during North Carolina’sfirst hand transplant.Left: Dr. Pickrell examines an x-ray (1959).Above: Drs. Ken Pickrell and NicholasGeorgiade having breakfast with residentsand secretaries in 1958.
ProgramsAT DUKECRANIOFACIALPEDIATRICThe Duke Cleft and Craniofacialteam was formed in the 1940s,one of the oldest in the country.At that time, new referrals were in thesingle digits and did not begin to risesubstantially until the 1980s and 1990s.In 1996, a team coordinator was addedand at that point the team consisted ofan audiologist, a speech pathologist, anorthodontist, and three plastic surgeons.Feeding consultation was added in 1997along with a formalized relationshipwith perinatology for in-utero referralsin 1999. Dr. Marcus was recruited byDr. Levin after the two met in Chicago,when Dr. Levin was a visiting professor.Due to Dr. Levin’s close relationshipwith Fu Chan Wei and Samuel Nordoff,the residents in training spent time atChang Gung Memorial Hospital to gainexperience in lip and palate surgery.With the arrival of Dr. Marcus in 2000, thecleft and craniofacial team began to takeoff. A craniofacial clinic was establishedfor patients to see the entire team inone location; new referrals continuedto increase and new relationships wereformed between neurosurgery, genetics,pediatric dentistry, and oral surgery.In 2010, Dr. Santiago, an internationallyrecognized craniofacial orthodontist,joined the team and brought with himhis expertise in nasoalveolar molding(NAM). Dr Santiago was the firstCraniofacial Orthodontic fellow at NYUand one of the original developers ofthe NAM technique. The division begandoing NAM impressions in clinic and nowroutinely performs NAM on the majorityLeft: In 1959, Research Associate Maria Matton conducts viability studies on preserved tissues (skin andcorneas) in vitro in 1959. Right: Group photo of plastic surgery team in 1961.
of eligible patients. The Cleft/Craniofacialteam received Commission on Approvalof Teams (CAT) from the ACPA in2012, which involves the evaluationof the team on six different standardsdesigned to address a patient’s medical,psychological, and social needs. In 2013,Dr. Alexander Allori joined the DukePlastic Surgery faculty and broughthis expertise in outcomes research.Dr. Allori’s important research seeksto understand how cleft lip and palatedeformities affect social integration andeducational performance.ADULTAt Duke, adult craniofacial surgeryhas been a partnership betweenplastic surgeons and maxillofacialsurgeons. This concept, originallyfostered by Nick Georgiade, wasfurther developed by Tom McGraw,DDS, in his work on jaw repositioningand facial trauma. In 2002, Dr. Marcuswas designated the Director of theCraniomaxillofacial (CMF) TraumaPatient Paisleigh Hamilton playswith her mother, Melissa, attheir home in Kinston. Paisleighunderwent cleft lip surgery usingthe NAM technique.program, which he formalized andorganized into a process/protocol-drivenunit. Using an integrated clinic modelwith Otolaryngology, a set of clinical careprocesses and guidelines was formalized.Working collectively with the residents inPlastic Surgery and Otolaryngology atboth Duke and Johns Hopkins University,the CMF guidelines were transformed tocreate a published handbook, Essentialsof Craniomaxillofacial Trauma. Thisbook, edited by Dr. Marcus, Dr. DetlevErdmann, and Johns Hopkins professor(now Chairman of Plastic Surgery atNYU) Dr. Ed Rodriguez, is in practical usein residency programs throughout thecountry.In 2012, Dr. David Powers joined theDuke faculty as a maxillofacial surgeoncharged with developing the careof adult facial trauma. He used hisexperience in the military as an expertin high-energy facial wounds to organizeand standardize adult facial trauma careat Duke. Dr. Powers is the Director ofCMF Trauma for Duke, bringing furthercohesion to the interdisciplinary unitand optimizing care for these patientsthrough his tremendous experience.SMILE SURGERYIn 2002, Dr. Jeff Marcus and Dr. MichaelZenn began the facial reanimationprogram at Duke. Dr. Marcuscompleted a fellowship in PediatricPlastic Surgery and Craniofacial Surgeryat Toronto Hospital for Sick Children,and brought his expertise in smilesurgery to Duke. Together with Dr.Zenn, they began seeing patients with allforms of facial paralysis: both congenitaland acquired from across the region,country, and even overseas.To meet the critical need forrehabilitation following surgery, physicaltherapists Lisa Massa and KathrynWalker joined the program and tailortherapy for each individual patient.
Innovation inRESEARCHOver the past 80 years, the Duke Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery division hasbeen a leader in basic and translational research. In part through the leadershipof Bruce Klitzman, PhD, the division has made scientific contributions in areas,including flap physiology, ischemia reperfusion, adipose stem cell therapy,and nanotechnology delivery. In line with Dr. Sabiston’s philosophy, the greatmajority of faculty members and resident trainees have taken part in scientificresearch while at Duke. Listed here are a number of groundbreaking devicesand landmark papers from Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery.GEORGIADE / LATHAM DEVICEBefore the establishment of NAM,another technology developed at Dukeaddressed the protruding premaxillarysegment in a bilateral cleft lip and palate.This stainless steel device was attachedby pins and utilized traction in order toshape the premaxillary segment andexpand the maxillary arch. The responsewas quite divided amongst leaders inthe field. Dr. Ralph Millard was supportive of the treatment, but others were notso convinced. In a letter to Dr. Bosma, Chief of Oral and Pharyngeal DevelopmentSection of the National Institute of Dental Research, NIH, Dr. S. Pruzansky wrote, “Inmy view Latham is an irresponsible, dangerous, unethical, and dishonest damn fool.”Over time, the device was replaced with other more modern approaches. It stands asa successful innovation in care of cleft lip and palate deformities.TALONTroubled by the problem of sternal non-union followingsternotomy, Dr. Levin used his orthopedic and plastic surgerytalents to develop the Talon device. This novel technology,based on principles of stable fixation for bony healing, is atitanium construct in the shape of a bird’s talon used for primaryand secondary sternal closure. Using a ratchet mechanism,it pulls the sides of sternum together and is removable. Theprototype was developed in 1991, and approval from the Foodand Drug Administration came in 2006. The device is massproduced by KLS Martin Co.
QUILLThe quill, a barbed suture, was developed by Dr. Greg Ruff inthe early 1990s. Dr. Ruff, a Michigan native, drew inspirationfrom nature and described his concept as initially coming from aporcupine. Before mass production, he carved barbs by hand insuture with a scalpel and his loupes. He patented this idea in 1994,which became the first FDA-approved barbed suture. The deviceis now mass-produced by Angiotech. Dr. Ruff continues to use asimilar device that he developed called the contour thread for minimally invasiveface lifts. Seen here is a copy of his original sketch of the idea.MAXILLARY – MANDIBULAR FIXATION SYSTEMInter-maxillary fixation (IMF) is the most important maneuverto establish the proper relationship between the maxillary andmandibular teeth in trauma and elective jaw surgery operations.Since the early 1900s, the gold standard for applying IMF in suchcases was the use of Erich arch bars. This time-consuming method,known for its discomfort to patients and challenges to surgeons, wasuniversally employed until 2013. While traveling to a conference,Dr. Marcus drew up a method on an airline napkin to address the problems witharch bars. The idea was eventually patented, and licensed to the Stryker Corporationwho launched the product, named “Hybrid MMF.” Rather than wiring arch bars tothe teeth, Hybrid MMF fixates arch bars to the maxilla and mandible with screws,simplifying application and removal, saving time, and preserving comfort. The deviceis currently used in over a dozen countries.IMPLANTABLE BIOSENSORSIn the mid 1990s, Dr. Klitzman developed implantable devices forcontinuously sensing key physiologic molecules. In collaborationwith faculty in Biomedical Engineering and Chemistry, thebiocompatibility of wired glucose sensors has been improved.Further, implantable biosensors for oxygen and pH that can benon-invasively queried are moving toward commercialization in cooperation withcorporate partners.ERASABLE TATTOOSDr. Klitzman and Plastic Surgery resident Dr. Kim Koger receivedthe first patent on tattoo inks in 2000. Their invention of anerasable ink was developed initially to facilitate relocation of thenipple-areola complex on a reconstructed breast and for tattooedradiotherapy targets on cancer patients, although the ink wasalso applicable to decorative tattoos. When publicized in 2007, the ink received Timemagazine’s “Invention of the Year” award in the fashion category, but lost the overallinvention of the year designation to the newly introduced iPhone. Dr. Klitzman wasan invited keynote speaker at the First International Conference on Tattoo Safety inBerlin, and co-authored a landmark paper in 2016 published in Lancet.
LandmarkARTICLES1. Pickrell, K. L., Broadbent, T. R., Masters,F. W., & Metzger, J. T. (1952). Constructionof a rectal sphincter and restoration of analcontinence by transplanting the gracilismuscle; a report of four cases in children.Ann Surg, 135(6), 853-862.2. Georgiade, N. G., & Latham, R. A. (1975).Maxillary arch alignment in the bilateral cleftlip and palate infant, using pinned coaxialscrew appliance. Plast Reconstr Surg, 56(1),52-60.4. Serafin, D., Georgiade, N. G., & Smith, D.H. (1977). Comparison of free flaps withpedicled flaps for coverage of defects of theleg or foot. Plast Reconstr Surg, 59(4), 492499.5. Georgiade, N. G., Serafin, D., Morris,R., & Georgiade, G. (1979). Reductionmammaplasty utilizing an inferior pediclenipple-areolar flap. Ann Plast Surg, 3(3), 211218.6. Chin, G. S., Kim, W. J., Lee, T. Y., Liu, W.,Saadeh, P. B., Lee, S., . . . Longaker, M. T.(2000). Differential expression of receptortyrosine kinases and Shc in fetal and adultrat fibroblasts: toward defining scarlessversus scarring fibroblast phenotypes. PlastReconstr Surg, 105(3), 972-979.7. Erdmann, D., Drye, C., Heller, L., Wong, M.S., & Levin, S. L. (2001). Abdominal wall defectand enterocutaneous fistula treatment withthe Vacuum-Assisted Closure (V.A.C.) system.Plast Reconstr Surg, 108(7), 2066-2068.
8. Heller, L., & Levin, L. S. (2001). Lowerextremity microsurgical reconstruction. PlastReconstr Surg, 108(4), 1029-1041; quiz 1042.9. Baumeister, S. P., Spierer, R., Erdmann,D., Sweis, R., Levin, L. S., & Germann, G. K.(2003). A realistic complication analysis of 70sural artery flaps in a multimorbid patientgroup. Plast Reconstr Surg, 112(1), 129-140;discussion 141-122.10. Erdmann, D., Follmar, K. E., Debruijn,M., Bruno, A. D., Jung, S. H., Edelman, D., . . .Marcus, J. R. (2008). A retrospective analysisof facial fracture etiologies. Ann Plast Surg,60(4), 398-403.11. Pestana, I. A., Coan, B., Erdmann,D., Marcus, J., Levin, L. S., & Zenn, M. R.(2009). Early experience with fluorescentangiography in free-tissue transferreconstruction. Plast Reconstr Surg, 123(4),1239-1244.12. Hollenbeck, S. T., Woo, S., Komatsu, I.,Erdmann, D., Zenn, M. R., & Levin, L. S. (2010).Longitudinal outcomes and application of thesubunit principle to 165 foot and ankle freetissue transfers. Plast Reconstr Surg, 125(3),924-934.13. Laux, P., Tralau, T., Tentschert, J., Blume,A., Al Dahouk, S., Baumler, W., . . . Luch,A. (2016). A medical-toxicological view oftattooing. Lancet, 387(10016), 395-402.Retirement Party for Kenneth L. Pickrell, MDHope Valley Country Club, Durham, NCApril 1977Former Residents in Attendance (40):Front Row (L to R): Frank Thorne, Francis Morris,Jerry Adamson, Edward Pound, Bob Wolff, FredMiller, Fred Von KesselSecond Row: Charles Horton, Frank Altany, RayBroadbent, Ben Edwards, James Kelly, KennethL. Pickrell, John Wilde, Carter Maguire, HughCrawford, William DouglasThird Row: Shattuck Hartwell, Latane Ware,Dale Armstrong, William Huger, William Pitts,John Royer, Norman Cole, Fred Richard,Richard Giblin, Joseph Still, Lin Puckett, WilliamHoffman, Lawrence ThompsonBack Row: Lisle Wayne, Patrick Hogan, NoelRuggerio, David Smith, Kenna Given, CarlQuillen, Alex Stratoudakis, Donald Serafin,Thomas Nichol, Morton Kasdan, RichardMladick
The Duke Division of Plastic,Maxillofacial, and Oral Surgery has athreefold mission:We aim to provide compassionate,cost-effective, and high-qualitypatient care to all patients who enterour doors. This commitment extendsto the families and loved onesof those who entrust us with theprivilege of their health care.We immerse plastic surgeons intraining in an environment thatchallenges and subsequentlyeducates them across a spectrum ofdisciplines, including patient care,research, and academic pursuit.We perform cutting-edge researchthat translates into improved patientcare at Duke and around the world.Prepared by Rachel Anolik, MD,and Scott Hollenbeck, MD, of theDuke Plastic Surgery program, withcontributions from current and pastfaculty.Photos from Duke University Archives.Designed by Scott Behm, Duke SurgeryPublications & Communications. 2018 Duke Surgery
plastic surgery as a subspecialty, plastic and reconstructive procedures at Duke University were performed by both Dr. Deryl Hart and Dr. Clarence Gardner. In 1934, Dr. Randolph Jones was appointed as the first chief of the division of Plastic Surgery after completing his general surge
Plastic surgery Cosmetic Surgery Reconstructive Surgery Aesthetic Surgical & Non-Surgical procedures Craniofacial Surgery Rhinoplasty & Otoplasty Hand Surgery or Chiroplasty Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Trauma Surgery Skin Rejuvenation and Resurfacing Anesthesia for Plastic Surgery
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Founder New England Society of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery - Member of the Founders Club, American Academy of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery. - Sixth International Facial Plastic Surgery Meeting Organizing Committee, Orlando 1998.
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technique, wound closure techniques, principles of wound healing, exposure to emergent and elective reconstructive surgery as well as aesthetic surgery. The student may be required to travel to the clinic, outpatient surgery center and/or hospital facility during his/her rotation time.
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The American Guild of Musical Artists (AGMA) Relief Fund provides support and temporary financial assistance to members who are in need. AGMA contracts with The Actors Fund to administer this program nationally as well as to provide comprehensive social services. Services include counseling and referrals for personal, family or work-related problems. Outreach is made to community resources for .
