SYLLABUS (B.Sc. Hons. In Botany) Core I
SYLLABUS(B.Sc. Hons. In Botany)Core I(CBCS 2014-BOTANY Regular)
The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda(CBCS 2014-BOTANY Regular)Core I (B.Sc. Hons. In Botany)CREDITSSEMESTER – ICOURSE CODEBOTBOTBOT110111021103Plant Kingdom IPlant Kingdom I IBotany Practical –I(2)(3)(3)SEMESTER – IIBOTBOTBOT120112021203Angiosperm Morphology and TaxonomyCell BiologyBotany Practical – II(2)(3)(3)SEMESTER – IIIBOTBOTBOT130113021303Plant AnatomyBasic microbiology and Plant PhysiologyPractical Botany III(2)(3)(3)SEMESTER – IVBOTBOTBOT140114021403Plant Ecology and InstrumentationEconomic BotanyPractical Botany IV(2)(3)(3)SEMESTER – 06150715081509Plant physiologyPlant EcologyHorticulture and Plant breedingBiochemistry and Reproductive BiologyDiversity of Non-flowering PlantsPractical -VPractical –VIBiodiversity and Bioresources ( Core Elective)Landscaping and Gardening ( Core Foundation)(2)(2)(2)(4)(4)(3)(3)(2)(2)SEMESTER 1607Evolution and Angiosperm SystematicsBiotechnologyGenetics and Molecular BiologyApplied Botany and Analytical methodsPlant pathologyPractical -VIIPractical -VIII(4)(4)(4)(4)(2)(3)(3)Total Credits(80)
DISTRIBUTION OF CREDITS FOR DIFFERENT SEMESTERS(UG Botany)SemesterTheory CreditsPractical l56222280Total credits to be obtained from Core I:Total credits to be obtained from Core II:Total credits to be obtained from Elective Courses:Discipline specificCore ElectiveOpenTotal credits to be obtained from Foundation Courses:CompulsoryCore FoundationElective76 Credits (in 6 semesters)32 Credits (in 4 semesters)Total144 Credits (In 6 Semesters)12 Credits (in 4 Semesters)2 Credits (in 5th Semester)4 Credits (in 3rd & 4th Semesters)6 Credits (in 4 Semesters)2 Credits (in 5th Semester)10 Credits (in 5 semesters)
DETAILED SYLLABUS FOR B.SC (HONS.) IN BOTANYSEMESTER ICourse BOT – 1101 (2 Credits)Plant Kingdom IUnit I Classification of Kingdoms and Bacteria: Criteria (according to Mayr, the seven kingdoms of livingorganisms); Introduction to different branches of botany (conventional and recent)Bacteria (including Cyanobacteria):Group characters, Occurrence, morphological forms,ultrastructure and economic importance; Thallus organization and reproductive methods in thefollowing types: Nostoc, Pseudomonas, Rhizobium, Rivularia, SpirulinaUnit II Algae: General characters, classification and economic importance, important features and life historyof:Chlorophyceae: Volvox, UlothrixXanthophyceae:DiatomsPhaeophyceae: SargassumRhodophyceae: BatrachospermumSuggested Reference Books:1. Gangulee, S. C., Das, K.S, Dutta, C.D. and Kar, A.K. (1968) College Botany Vol. I2. Smith, G. M. - (1972) Cryptogamic Botany Vol. I, McGraw-Hill3. Vashishta, B.R. - (2008) Botany for Degree Students - Vol.I Algae.4. Verma, J.P. - (1968) The Bacteria, Vikas Pyblications5. Clifton, A. (1950) Introduction to Bacteria, McGraw - HillCourse BOT – 1102 (3 Credits)Plant Kingdom IIUnit I Fungi: General characters, classification and economic importance; important features and life MucorAscomycotina :EurotiumBasidiomycotina: Puccinia, AgaricusA general account of lichens, morphological types and their examplesUnit II Bryophytes: Classification (Smith, 1955) and general study of morphology, anatomy and reproductionin:Hepaticopsida: RicciaAnthocerotopsida: AnthocerosBryopsida: FunariaPteridophytes: Classification (Smith, 1955), general study of morphology, anatomy andreproduction in:Psilophyta: PsilotumLycophyta: SelaginellaPterophyta: NephrolepisUnit III Gymnosperms: General features of gymnosperms, Classification (Sporne,importance; important features and life history ofCycadopsida: CycasConiferopsida: PinusSuggested Reference Books:1. Gangulee, H. C, K. S. Das, C. Datta and Kar, A.K. (1968) College Botany Vol. II2. Parihar, N.S. -(1956) Bryophyta3. Parihar, N.S. -(1955) Pteridophyta4. Smith, G.M. - (1972) Cryptogamic Botany Vol II5. Vashishta, B.R. -(1962) Botany for Degree Students: Vol. II Fungi6. Vashishta, B.R. - (2006) Botany for Degree Students: Vol. III Bryophyta.7. Vashishta, P.C. (2006) Botany for Degree Students: Vol. IV Pteridophyta) and economic
Course BOT - 1103 Practical Botany I (3 credits)The practical course will be based on the above theory unitsSEMESTER IICourse BOT – 1201 (2 Credits)Angiosperm Morphology and TaxonomyUnit IVegetative, Floral and Fruit morphology:Root: Different regions and general functions, types of root systemsStem: Various parts, normal functions (Different types of buds, vegetative and reproductive), forms ofstem.Leaf: Structure and normal functions. Simple and compound leavesSeed: Definition, structure and typesBracts, peduncle and inflorescence: Basic types and functionsFlower: Structure of a typical flower, definition and examples of different types of flowers. Introductionto the floral whorlsFruits: Definitions of true, false and parthenocarpic fruits. Major types of fruits.Unit II Angiosperms: Unique features of angiosperms and diversity; identification, nomenclature andclassification (Bentham & Hooker’s system); primitive and advanced features; the international code ofbotanical nomenclature.Families: Major angiosperm families, detailed account of Malvaceae, Fabaceae, Solanaceae andLamiaceaeSuggested Reference Books:1. Gangulee, H.C., Das, K.S, Dutta, C.D. and Kar, A.K. (1968) College Botany Vol. III2. Dutta A.C. - (1964) Botany for degree students.3. Hickey M, King .C.(2002) The Cambridge Illustrated Glossary of Botanical Terms, CambridgeUniversity press.4. Sporne K.R. - (1968) The morphology of vascular plants.5. Tyagi Y.D. &. Kshetrapal S - (1973) An Introduction to Taxonomy of Angiosperms.6. N.S. Subramanyam -(1968) Modern Plant Taxonomy7. Sharma O.P - (1968) Plant Taxonomy8. Pandey B.P. - (1968) Taxonomy of Angiosperms.9. Vashishta P.C - (1968) Taxonomy of Angiosperms.10. Daniel M. – (2009) Taxonomy – Evolution at workCourse BOT– 1202 (3 Credits)Cell BiologyUnit I Structural diversity of Plant cell:Comparative account of cell in Animal and Plants (Bacteria, Mycoplasma, Algae, and Fungi )Simple tissues: Living (collenchyma and parenchyma) and dead (sclerenchyma) cell typesComplex Tissues: Xylem and Phloem elements, structure and functionCell wall: Layers, function, formation of cell wallIntercellular communications: Plasmodesmata, pits - structure, types and functionsUnit II Cell Components I and Cell DivisionMembranes: Different types of bio-membranes; their constituents and organization; differentmodelsEndoplasmic Reticulum: Morphology, different types, structural and ultra structural features, originand functions.Structure and Functions of Nucleus: Ultra structure, nuclear membrane; nucleolusChromosome Organization: Morphology; centromere and telomere; sex chromosomes.Mitosis & Meiosis: Different stages, chromosomal behavior, characteristic features andsignificance,
Unit III Cell Components IIGolgi complex: Morphology, structural and ultra structural peculiarities, different components;origin and functionsLysosomes: Origin, different types; structural peculiarities, chemical constituents and functions.Plastids: Pigments, different types; classification and morphology; ultra structure of chloroplast andchemical constituentsMitochondria: Distribution, morphology, structural and ultra structural peculiarities, chemicalcomposition and functionsRibosome: Occurrence, types, differences in 70S and 80S ribosomes, structure, differentconstituents and functions.Suggested Reference Books:1. A Fahn - (1994) Plant Anatomy2. C.P. Swanson - The cell.3. W.A. Jensen - The plant cell.4. C.B. Powar - (1977) Cell biology.5. P.S. Verma and V.K. Agarwal - (1968) Cell biology, molecular biology, genetics and evolution.6. G.B. Wilson and J.H. Morrison - (1968) Cytology7. E.D.P. De Robertis and E.M.F. De Robertis - (1968) Cell & Molecular Biology.8. P.K. Gupta - (1998) Cell Biology.9.Course BOT – 1203 Practical Botany II (3 credits)The practical course will be based on the above theory unitsSEMESTER IIICourse BOT- 1301 ( 2 Credits)Plant AnatomyUnit I Tissue systems:Epidermal tissues : general organization, cuticle, trichomes and stomatal typesSecretory tissues : gum and resin ducts, laticifers, hydathodes, floral and extrafloral nectariesVascular tissue: Secondary xylem (basic structure of wood). Secondary phloem.Secondary growth: Normal and anomalous secondary growth in different Angiosperms.Periderm and lenticel - structure and developmentUnit II Organisation of the higher plant body: The shoot and root systems; variation in habit and longevity;environmental influencesMeristems and development: Shoot apical meristem, root apical meristem, lateral meristems andtheir functions.Nodal Anatomy: Leaf trace, leaf gapRoot stem transitionSuggested Reference Books:1. H.C. Gangulee, K.S. Das A.K. Kar & D.C. Datta - (1968) College Botany, Vol. I & II.2. A.C. Dutta - (1964) Botany for degree students.3. K. Esau - (1961) Plant Anatomy.4. A Fahn - (1968) Plant Anatomy.5. B.P. Pandey - (1978) Plant Anatomy.6. S.N. Pandey, S.P. Mishra and P.S. Trivedi –(1968) Textbook of Botany Vol.II.
Course BOT-1302 (3 Credits)Basic Microbiology and Plant PhysiologyUnit I Discovery of Microorganisms, Structure and classification of microbes, Systematic position ofmicroorganisms in biological world; classification of microorganisms and characteristic features ofdifferent groups.Methods in Microbiology: Basic principles of staining of Bacteria and Fungi, sterilization methods,culture media, pure culture methods, methods for population estimation, growth determination.Unit II Ultra structure of Microorganisms: Prokaryotic microorganisms, fine structure of prokaryotic cell,Ultrastructure of fungal and algal cell., Viruses – properties and classification; bacteriophage T4 andTMVGenetic recombination in Prokaryotes: Conjugation, transformation and transduction.Industrial application of microorganisms: Alcohol, food processing, milk products, and antibiotics.Unit III Plant PhysiologyWater relations: Absorption of H2O - mechanisms, ascent of sap, various theories.Transpiration (Loss of H2O) - types, mechanism, stomatal movementsMineral nutrition: Criteria of essentiality of elements, essential elements (Major/minor), their role anddeficiency symptoms.Growth movements: Phototropism, Gravitropism and their reaction mechanismSuggested Reference Books:1. Verma, J.P (1992). - The Bacteria2. Pelczar (1993) Introductory Microbiology3. Clifton, A. (1958) Introduction to Bacteria4. P.J. Kramer (1983) - Water relations in plants.5. F.B. Salisbury & C.W. Ross - (1974) Plant Physiology.6.L. Taiz & E. Zeiger – (2002) Plant PhysiologyCourse BOT- 1303 Practical Botany III (3 credits)The practical course will be based on the above theory unitsSEMESTER IVCourse BOT- 1401 (2 Credits)Plant Ecology and InstrumentationUnit I Plant EcologyConcept and structure of ecosystem, Food chain, food web, Ecological pyramids, Basic ideas aboutecosystem functioning, energy flow, organic production, biogeochemical cycles and ecologicalinstruments .Ecological classifications of plants, Adaptations in hydrophytes, mesophytes, xerophytes, halophytesand epiphytesAir, water and land pollution, causes and control measuresUnit II InstrumentationPrinciple and working of pH meter, spectrophotometer, conductivity meter, turbidity meter andcentrifugeBiostatisticsIntroduction , sampling methods in biological experiments and applications,Methods of presentation of data: Tables, graphs, diagrams and frequency distribution.Measures of central tendency – Mean median and mode for raw and grouped dataSuggested Reference Books:1. P. D. Sharma – (1974) Ecology and Environment
2. J.E. Weaver & F.E. Clements - (1938) Plant ecology.3. R.S. Ambasht - (1969) A text book of plant ecology.4. M.A. Pallniswamy - (2002) Basic statistics for biologist.Course BOT- 1402 (3 Credits)Economic BotanyUnit IDomestication of Plants: Origin of cultivated plants, Vavilov’s centre of origin, primary andsecondary centers of diversity, plant introductions.A general account of major food crops, cereals, pulses, vegetables, nuts and fruits. Their source,botanical name, family, morphological value and use.Fodder legumes- a brief account.Vegetable and essential oil sources: Mustard, Sesame, Groundnut, Cotton , Soybean and Coconut– a brief account.Ethnobotany: Introduction, historical background .The folklore of Gujarat - Major tribal groups and their distribution in different parts of Gujarat.Use of plants and plant products by the ethnic groups for various purposes.Unit IIPlant fibers: Cotton, jute and coir- A brief account and its uses.Timber and firewood species: Identification and uses of five major species in Gujarat.Medicinal Plants: A brief account of ten important plant drugs and their chief constituents used inindigenous / allopathic systems of medicine.Natural rubber, insecticides and dyes: A concise account.Ornamental Plants: Major ornamental plants (Trees, shrubs and herbs) in Gujarat.Unit IIIHorticulture: - Importance, Plant propagation through various methods – cutting, layering, graftingand budding.Tissue Culture: Plant tissue culture, principles, types and techniquePhytoremediation: Bacterial, fungal and algal remediationRemote sensing:its use in assessing vegetal coverSuggested Reference Books:1. A. Hill - (1972) Economic Botany.2. P.L. Kochar -(1981) Economic Botany.3. S.D. Sabnis and M. Daniel – (1990) A Phytochemical Approach to economic BotanyCourse BOT- 1403 Practical Botany IV (3 credits)The practical course will be based on the above theory unitsSEMESTER VCourse BOT- 1501 (2 Credits)Plant PhysiologyUnit I : Photosynthesis: Process, significance, structure and composition of photosynthetic apparatus, PS I &II composition & functions, pathways of carbon fixation C3, C4, CAM, photorespiration, factorsaffecting photosynthesis.Transport of organic substances: Transport of photosynthate; source-sink relationship; themechanism of translocation in phloem.Respiration: Substrates, mechanism (Glycolysis, TCA Cycle, HMP shunt and oxidativephosphorylation)Unit II: Nitrogen metabolism: Biological nitrogen fixation, reduction of N2 into ammonia; nif genes; regulationof nitrate reductase and nitrogenase; nitrate and ammonium assimilation.
Growth and development: Growth distribution, phases, cell cycle, growth curve, measurements,senescence.Phytohormones: Structure, distribution, bioassay, role in plant growth and practical applications ofauxin, cytokinin, gibberellic acid, ethylene, abscissic acid, jasmonic acid, brassinosteroids andpolyamines.Suggested Reference Books:1.2.3.4.5.6.7.R.M. Devlin – (1974) Plant PhysiologyP.S. Verma & P.K. Agarwal -(1977) Plant Physiology.S.N. Pandey & B.K. Sinha - (1972) Plant Physiology.P.J. Kramer - Water relations in plants.F.B. Salisbury & C.W. Ross - (1974) Plant Physiology.L. Taiz & E. Zeiger – (2002) Plant PhysiologyNoggle & Fritz – (1982) Plant PhysiologyCourse BOT- 1502 (2 Credits)Plant EcologyUnit 1. Environmental factors: Climatic, edaphic, and biotic factors influencing the growth of plants,Populations: Population characteristics, population dynamics, r and K-selection, factors affectingpopulation growth, population interactions.Plant communities: Concept, principles, properties, structure, development, methods & purpose ofstudying plant communities.Plant Productivity: Concept, importance, methods for measuring plant productivity, variations acrossecosystems.Unit 2. Ecological niche: Concept, types, examples.Species diversity: Dominance, spatial & temporal variations, endemism, ecotone and concept ofedge effect, species extinction & biodiversity, plant geography, major biomes of the world & India.Role of anthropogenic factors: Man & environment, Natural energy resources, , biologicalindicators, other environmental changes.Conservation : Concept, problems of depletion of natural vegetation, loss of species, and geneticdiversity, endangered & extinct plant, Methods of conservation, national parks, sanctuaries andreserves.Suggested Reference Books:1. Chapman, J. L. and Reiss, M. J. (1992). Ecology – Principles and Applications, CambridgeUniversity Press, Cambridge, UK: 294 p2. Odum, E. P. and Barrett, G. W. (2005). Fundamentals of Ecology, 5 th Edition, CengageLearning, New Delhi, India; 598 p3. Sharma, P. D. (2009). Ecology and Environment, 10th Revised Edition, Rastogi Publications,Merrut, India: 600 p4. Smith, T. M. & Smith, R. L. (2006). Element of Ecology, 6 th Edition, Pearson Education, NewDelhi, India; 658 pCourse BOT- 1503 (2 Credits)Horticulture and Plant BreedingUnit I. General introduction: Definition and scope, utility aspects.Bonsai.Plant propagation: seed advantages, seed dormancy, seed germination – types and factorscontrolling, maintenance of purity, harvesting, processing, storage, factors affecting germination,,asexual methods, advantages, techniques of propagation by cutting (root, stem, leaf) types , rooting conditions required, establishment – factors affecting, layering types including natural modes of plantmodification for propagation.Plant improvement: Types (grafting, budding), process, advantages, techniques, factors affecting,introduction of varieties.Unit II. Plant breeding:Introduction to plant breeding, objectives, some important achievements of plantbreeding.Hybridization: Objectives, types and procedure of hybridization.Apomixis: concept,development, potential for crop improvement.
Breeding for disease resistance: disease resistance, vertical and horizontal resistance, sources ofdisease resistance, methods of breeding for disease resistance.Selection methods: Mass, Pure line, Pedigree and clonal selection.Release of new varieties: Evaluation, identification of entries for release, multiplication and seedcertification.Suggested Reference Books:1. H.J. Hartmann & D.F. Kester - (2007) Plant propagation principles and practice.2. J.P. Mahlstede & E.S. Haber - Plant propagation.3. Adams - Art of Bonsai.4. Desai - Planning, designing of home garden.5. G. Aquaah – (2002) Plant propagation.6. M. K. Sadhu –Plant PropagationCourse BOT- 1504 (4 Credits)Biochemistry and Reproductive BiologyUnit I. Plant metabolism: Basics, biosynthetic pathways; primary and secondary metabolites.Introduction toalkaloids, terpenoids and phenolicsUnit II: Lipid metabolism: Saturated and unsaturated fatty acids; fatty acid biosynthesis; oxidation of fattyacids; storage and metabolization of fatty acids.Carbohydrate metabolism: Classification, structure of some representative examples ofmonosaccharides stereoisomers, enantiomers and epimers, polysaccharides,; biosynthesis anddegradation of sucrose, starch and cellulose.Unit III. Amino acids and protein metabolism: Structure, characteristics and classification of amino acids,protein and non-protein amino acids; amino acid biosynthesis; GS/GOGAT cycle; transamination;peptide bond and polypeptide chain; protein targeting; protein degradation.Unit IV. Vegetative and sexual reproduction, functions of flower.Structure of Anther: Anther wall, tapetum, sporogenous tissue Microsporogenesis; formation ofpollen grains; pollen germination; pollen tube growthStructure of Pistil: Types of ovules, nucellus, megaspropgenesis; Types of embryosac, Doublefertilization, Polyembryony; Types and causesSeed and fruit: Monocotyledons and Dicotyledons seeds, Endosperm, their types and functions,SeeddormancySuggested Reference Books:1. S.S. Bhojwani & S.P. Bhatnagar - (1999) The Embryology of Angiosperms.2. P. Maheshwari - (1971) An Introduction to the Embryology of Angiosperms.3. K.R. Shivanna & B.M. Johri - (1974) The Angiosperm Pollen : Structure & Function.4. Eames –(1974) Morphology of vascular plants (lower groups).5. A.C. Lehninger- (1970) Biochemistry.6. J.L. Jain - Fundamentals in Biochemistry.7. E.S. Lenhoff - Tools of Biology.8. L. Taiz & E. Zeiger –(2002) Plant PhysiologyCourse BOT- 1505 (4 Credits)Diversity of Non-flowering plantsUnit I. Algae: Occurrence and outline classification(Smith).Typical life histories of algae : Chlorella, Oedogonium, Chara, Vaucheria, Dictyota, PolysiphoniaRole of algae in human welfare.Unit II . Bryophytes: Occurrence and outline classification(Smith).Morphology, anatomy and reproduction in: Marchantia, Pellia, Notothylas, Sphagnum andPolytrichum;Economic importanceUnit III. Pteridophytes: Occurrence and outline classification(Smith).
Morphology, anatomy and reproduction in : Psilotum, Lycopodium, Isoetes Equisetum, Marsileaand AdiantumEconomic importanceUnit IV. Gymnosperms: Occurrence and Outline classification (Sporne).Detailed life cycles: Cycadales (Zamia), Coniferales (Araucaria) and Gnetales (Ephedra).Economic importanceSuggested Reference Books:1. Smith, G.M. -(1972) Cryptogamic Botany Vol. I and II2. Vasishtha, B.R. - (1974) Botany for Degree Students - Vol.I Algae.3. Vasishtha, B.R. - (1974) Botany for Degree Students: Vol. II Fungi4. Vasishtha, B.R. - (1974) Botany for Degree Students: Vol. III Bryophyta.5. Vasishtha, P.C. (1974) Botany for Degree Students: Vol.IV Pteridophyta6. Vasishtha, P.C. (1976) Botany for Degree Students: Vol.V Gymnosperms7. B. Johri & Biswas . (1984) Gymnosperms.8. Bhatnagar & Moitra –(1992) Gymnosperms.Course BOT- 1506 Practical Botany V (3 Credits)The practical course will be based on the theory unitsCourse BOT- 1507 Practical Botany VI (3 Credits)The practical course will be based on the theory unitsCourse BOT-1508 (2 credits) Elective: Discipline SpecificBiodiversity and BioresourceUnit I: Biodiversity Introduction to biodiversity: Definition , components, scope, and constraints of biodiversity .International and national effect, CBD, NBA and GBBTechniques of Biodiversity Monitoring, Ethno- Botanical approach, traditional knowledgeand intellectual property right.Natural resource management and society- role of society, scope of livelihood, ethics ofdevelopment, sustainable development ,traditions and conservationEcosystem services- Concept of Economic value, scope, application and examples andmanagement, governance and policy in resources management.Unit II: Herbal Cosmetics and Oils Types of cosmetics, advantages of herbal cosmetics.Major plant resources utilized in cosmetics, their cosmetic and medicinal value, commonpreparative methods.Volatile oils: Sources of volatile oils .Extraction of volatile oils .Use of volatile oils inaromatherapyReferences :1.Chopra, Kadekodi, and Murthy,(1990). Participatory Development: People and Commonproperty Resources. Sage Publications
2.3.Gupta and Das, (1997). Environmental Accounting, Wheeler Publishing, New Delhi.Harris, J.M.(2006). Environmental and Natural Resources Economics: A ContemporaryApproach, 2nd edition. Houghton Mifflin.4. Kareiva and Marview (2010) Conservation Science: Balancing the needs of people andNature. Roberts and Company.5. Manjunath, (2006). Environmental Studies –Pearson Education6. Odum and Barrett (2007). Fundamentals of Ecology, 5th edition. Thomson Books7. Pullin, A.S. (2002). Conservation Biology, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.8. Rajagopalan, (2005). Environmental studies , Oxford Publication9. Uberio, N.K. (2000). Environmental management, Excel books , New Delhi10. Chattopadhyay, P.K., (2008). Herbal cosmetics and Ayurvedic medicines11. Panda, H( 2004), Herbal cosmetic Handbook, Asia Pacific Buisness Press, DelhiCourse BOT-1509 (2 credits) Foundation CompulsoryLandscaping & GardeningUnit ILandscaping Principle and elements of Landscaping. History of Gardens. Garden Styles; Types of Gardens Principles of Design and Planning Information.Designing of Gardens .Identification and Use of Plants, Selection of suitable plants for the climate and site. Problems with plants; Other components of gardens : Paths, Walls and Fences, Water Features, Garden ArtefactsUnit II Gardening- ExecutionEssentials of garden establishment: Equipments: Manual Tools and Equipment Power toolsfor landscaping. Green House Technology Different types and their significance Management and Maintenance of Gardens Replanting; Pruning; Weed Control; Pestcontrol Potting mixes; Ingredients of potting mixes , Soils & Nutrition. Fertilizers; Deficiencies andtoxicities; N:P:K ratios; Salting; Fertilizer programming; Compost. Irrigation : SprinklerSystems; Micro Irrigation; Planning an Irrigation System, Use of Watering System;Automatic Watering Systems.Reference books :1. Bhattacharjee, S K (2012) Landscape Gardening and Design with Plants Nabhi Publications2. Bose T K & Chowdhury B. ( 2001) Tropical Garden Plants in Colour Nabhi Publications3. Dorling Kindersley (2010) Gardening Step By Step, Royal Horticultural Society4. Sinha Amita (2006) Landscapes in India: Forms and Meanings University Press of Colorado
SEMESTER VICourse BOT- 1601 (4 Credits)Evolution and Angiosperm SystematicsUnitI. Basic concept of evolution: Account of origin of life, changes in atmosphere, theory of specialcreation. Chemical evolution; experimental evidences for chemical evolution: Miller's, Fox and Urey'sexperiments. Evidences for evolution,Theories of evolution: Lamarck, Darwin, Mutation and Neo-Lamarckism, Neo-Darwinism and it'spresent understanding.Synthetic theory of evolution: Steps involved,chromosomal variation and Natural selection oforganisms, Reproductive isolation ,, origin of species: Species, racial differences inspecies,reproductive isolation , sibling sps. and isolating mechanisms.Major trends: Origin of higher categories, rate of evolution and evolutionary constancy.Unit II. Introduction: Aims and components of systematics; introduction to identification, nomenclature andclassification.Systematics in Practice: Importance of herbarium specimens and their preparation; role of herbariaand botanical gardens; documentation (floras, monographs, journals, indices and dictionaries); keys foridentification of plants – single access and multi access; reviewTaxonomic hierarchy: Taxonomic categories; species concept .Botanical nomenclature: Principles and rules; ranks and names; type method; principle of priority andits limitations; names of hybrids and cultivars.Unit III. Phylogeny of angiosperms: A general account of the origin and evolution of angiosperms (specialreference to Bennettitalean, Gnetalean, Caytonialean and herbaceous origin theories); primitive livingangiosperms- basal angiosperms; co-evolution of angiosperms and animals.Systems of Classification: Bentaham and Hookers Classification; Engler and Prantl’s system,Hutchinson’s system,Modern and Molecular Taxonomy: Supporting evidences for taxonomy; taxonomy in relation toanatomy, embryology, palynology, ecology, cytology; chemotaxonomy. cladistics. Different approachesand their utility for taxonomy review only.Unit IV. Diagnostic characters and economically important members of the following families:Annonaceae, Cappariadaceae, Sterculiaceae, Tiliaceae, Meliaceae, Vitaceae, Anacardiaceae,Mimosaceae, Myrtaceae, Cucurbitaceae, Apiaceae, Rubiaceae, Sapotaceae, Asclepiadacea,Verbenaceae, Amaranthacea, Euphorbiacea, Cannaceae, Liliaceae and Poaceae.Suggested Reference Books:1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.10.11.12.G.S. Mani - (2000) Evolutionary dynamics of genetic diversity.G.L. Stebbins - (1974) Process of Organic evolution.G.L. Stebbins - (1984) Variation and evolution in plants.T.H. Dobzhanski - (1982) Genetics & Origin of species.F. J. Ayala –Population and Evolutionary genetics: A primerGangulee, S.C., Das, K.S, Dutta, C.D. and Kar, A.K. (1972) College Botany Vol. II & IIIK.R. Sporne - (1973) The morphology of vascular plants.Y.D. Tyagi & S. Kshetrapal - (1973) An Introduction to Taxonomy of Angiosperms.N.S. Subramanyam - (1984) Modern Plant TaxonomyO.P. Sharma -(1984) Plant TaxonomyB.P. Pandey - (1980) Taxonomy of Angiosperms.P.C. Vashishta - (1974) Taxonomy of Angiosperms.Course BOT- 1602 (4 Credits)BiotechnologyUnit I. Genetic engineering of plants: vectors for gene delivery; selectable markers and reporter genes,methods of gene delivery; development of transgenics; Agrobacterium – the natural genetic engineer;salient achievements in crop biotechnology (with suitable examples) and prospects.
Unit II. Recombinant DNA technology: Restriction endonucleases, prokaryotic and eukaryotic cloningvectors; genomic and cDNA libraries; Southern and Northern Analysis, various techniques of genemapping and DNA fingerprinting (RFLP, RAPD, AFLP); chromosome walking, polymerase chainreaction; DNA sequencing.Unit III. Plant Tissue culture: History, Cellular differentiation and totipotency; organogenesis andembryogenesis; protoplast isolation and culture; somatic hybridization, clonal propagation;.Unit IV. Industrial Botany:Antibiotics, Production of acids and enzymes, Introduction to preparations of a fewherbal drugs, biopesticides, natural dyes and biofertilisersMushroom cultivation: Commercially cultivated edible mushrooms – biology and cultivation aspects.,Medicinal mushrooms.Suggested Reference Books:1.2.3.4.5.6.H. S. Chawla - (1974) Introduction to Plant BiotechlologyM. K. Razdan –(1982) Introduction to Plant Tissue CultureC. Giri – (1994) Plant BiotechnologyP.S. Verma -(1995) A textbook of plant physiology, biochemistry and biotechechnollgyIgnacimuthu –(2008) Biotechnology an IntroductionK. R. Aneja –Experiments in Microbial Plant pathology and Mushroom cultivationCourse BOT -1603 (4 Credits)Genetics and Molecular BiologyUnit I: Genetic Inheritance: Mendelism; laws of segregation and independent assortment; geneinteractions; linkage analysis; allelic and non-allelic interactions.DNA the genetic material: DNA structure; replication; DNA-protein interactions; the nucleosomemodel; genetic code; satellite and repetitive DNAGenetic variations: Mutations, spontaneous and induced; transposable genetic elements; DNAdamage and r
DETAILED SYLLABUS FOR B.SC (HONS.) IN BOTANY SEMESTER I Course BOT – 1101 (2 Credits) Plant Kingdom I Unit I Classification of Kingdoms and Bacteria: Criteria (according to Mayr, the seven kingdoms of living organisms); Introduction to different bran
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Course guide 2020 School of Architecture, Design and the Built Environment. NTU. University, reimagined . BSc (Hons) Architectural Technology 12 BEng (Hons) Civil Engineering 16 . Design and Construction 22 BSc (Hons) Construction Management 26 BSc (Hons) Quantity Surveying and Commercial Management 30 BA (Hons) Product Design 32 BA (Hons .
ECA: ART & DeSIGN HOW TO APPLY 2021 . Degree Programmes BA (Hons) Art (1st year entry only) W100 BA (Hons) Intermedia Art W900 BA (Hons) Painting W120 BA (Hons) Photography W640 BA (Hons) Sculpture W130 MA (Hons) Fine Art
University Course Code(s) N/A at the moment QAA . will allow progression into BSc (Hons) accredited degree programmes listed below. BSc (Hons) – Architectural Technology BSc (Hons) – Building Surveying BSc (Hons) – Construction Management BSc (Hons) – Quantity Surveying . Module Code Module title Core/ Option/ Elective (C/O/E) .
BA (Hons) Communication and Media 2003 BA (Hons) English 2009 Date of first intake September 2015 Student numbers BA (Hons) Communication and Media - Minimum : 75 - Optimum: 90 - Maximum: 100 BA (Hons) English - Minimum: 30 - Optimum: 50 - Maximum: 60 Placements 4 weeks (standard) or minimum of 30 weeks (sandwich) compulsory
Architecture, including BSc (Hons) Building Surveying and the Environment, BSc (Hons) Architecture Engineering, BSc (Hons) Quantity Surveying and BA (Hons) Architecture, replicating a realistic working environment in construction projects. Real assessments: The course is designed to prepare students for their future career.
In this guide, you’ll also find a full course listing and other practical . BSc (Hons) Biomedical Science 4 years Sep B941 BSc (Hons) Marine & Freshwater Biology 4 years Sep C161 POSTGRADUATE . BSc (Hons) Quantity Surveying 4 years SepK242 BSc (Hons) Real Estate Surveying 4 years Sep N231 .
Quantity Surveying BSc (Hons) * 12 Early Years Early Years FdA 13 . as well as the courses listed in this guide. Qualifications & How to Apply Level 3 Level 4 Level 5 Level 6 Level 7 University Degree/Top-Up BA (Hons), BSc (Hons) . course she topped up to BSc (Hons) Business Management at University of Surrey. .
