Course Guide AS A2 OCR Biology

A2#JPMPHZExclusively endorsed by OCR for GCE Biology#JPMPHZEnd-of-module summarypages help students linktogether all the topicswithin each module.1.2Pete KennedyFrank SochackiSue HockingMark WinterbottomSeries Editor: Sue HockingExchange and transport summaryIn Exclusive PartnershipModuPractice question sExchange and tranPractice ques1 (a) State the names of the tissuExchange andtransport linkses labelled A–D below. [4]ALiving thingsBLarge multicellularorganismsule 1CellsSmall surface-areato-volume ratiodetailsHigh demand foroxygen and nutrientsCSingle-celled organismsand small multicellularorganismsLow demand foroxygen and nutrientsLarge surface-areato-volume ratioDigestivesystemLungsHealth aspects oflifestyleewing ofonRootsAnimalsAnimalsrefers to anyveal ortures. In lighty be colours orctronormetal particlesPlantsNeed fortransportsystemtissues that may actas a source.[2(b) Name the tissuethat is used to transportsugars in aplant.[1]8 (a) Explain whya largeFigure 1(b) Name the organrepresented by Figure 1.type of muscle found[1]in theheart.[1](b) Explain why themuscle surroundingthe left ventricle isthicker than that surrounding the right ventricle.[2](c) Name the bloodvessels that:(i) carry blood awayfrom the ventricles;(ii) carry blood backtowards the heart.[2]a good gaseous exchangesystem.(b) Describe the routetaken by air as it is inhaled.(c) Name the air sacsin the lungs.Leavesorganism with a lowsurface-area-to-volumeratio needs a specialsurfacefor gaseous exchange.[3](b) Explain how a higher concentration of carbon dioxidein the blood can cause extra oxygen to dissociate fromoxyhaemoglobin.[4]9 (a) Describe howsucroseis loaded into the sievetubeelement.[4](b) Explain, using theterm water vapour potential gradient,why increasing the windspeed will increase therate oftranspiration.[3]10 (a) Explain theimportanc3 (a) State two features of[2][3]e of the Purkyne tissue incoordination of the cardiac cycle.[3](b) Describe and explain the role of the coronary arteries.[3][1]4 (a) What immediate effect does exercise haveon the heartrate?[1](b) What happens tothe tidal volume of thelungs duringexercise?[1](c) Name two otherexchange surfaces.[2]HeartBlood vesselsExercise/diet/smokingNeed forspecialexchangesurfacetissue in the alveoli.[(b) Name the two types of cell found in theepithelium ofthe airways.[2(c) Describe the action of the cilia in bronchi.[27 (a) In a plant, name twoD2 (a) State the name of theSurface of body usedfor exchange6 (a) Explain therole of elasticPlantsTissue fluidXylemExchange withcellsPhloem5 Complete the followTranspirationTranslocationDiffusion throughoutcelling paragraph by fillingin the blankspaces.Blood is . in the lungs. The redpigment . has a high affinity foroxygen. The pumpingaction of the .creates pressure which pushes the blood around the body.In the tissues the partial pressure of .is low. This causes the.of theoxyhaemoglobin. In thetissues, the oxygen isused in theprocess of . . Most of thecarbondioxide produced inthis process enters the. cells.Here it is converted tocarbonic acidby the action of the enzyme carbonic anhydrase. Thecarbon dioxide is transported as .back to the lungs.[8]ndd 82-83Sample pages fromOCR AS BiologyStudent Book.o calculate thetheimen. Measuremm and thenthebyen divide it9Practice exam questionsprovided at the end ofeach module. Answers arein the back of the book.8310/3/08 11:40:13 amDoforg n’tetA2reso ourcom urcethe ing in sAutTerm umn!5

In our unique Exam Café, students will find plenty of support to help themprepare for their exams. They can Relax and prepare with handy revisionadvice, Refresh their memories by testing their understanding and Get ThatResult through practising exam-style questions, accompanied by lots ofhints and tips.An Exam Café CD-ROM is included FREE in the back of every Student Book.Study and revision skillsto support studentsmaking the transitionfrom GCSE to A Level.Questions to test understanding.Also vocabulary tests, a glossary,and revision flashcards.Sample screen fromOCR AS BiologyExam Café CD-ROM.Links to how studentscan use New Scientist toreinforce their learning.6Sample questions andanswers to each modulewith tips on how toimprove, examiner tipsand advice to studentson practical skills.

Links directly tothe module andspecification.Student answeractivities focus onimproving subjectknowledge.Sample screen fromOCR AS BiologyExam Café CD-ROM.Three stages allowstudents to see questionsagainst answers andexaminer feedback.What do students think about Exam Café?“Three stages is a great idea – something you can work through.”Sophie Wilson, student, Headington School.“A really great and original way of encouragingstudents to revise and study for exams.”Marie-Lise Tassoni, student, Bexhill College.“I think it’s an extremely positive idea to make studentssee their potential.”Sophie East, student, Oxford.7

Teacher Support CD-ROMThe AS and A2 Teacher Support CD-ROMs help you plan and deliver the new specificationwith confidence. Each provides you with:lweekly teaching plans and guidance sheets to help save timelcustomisable student practical sheets with accompanying teacher and technician notesla media bank of all the diagrams and learning objectives in the Student Book, all readyto use in PowerPoint format.Sample Lesson Plan from OCR ASBiology Teacher Support CD-ROM.8

ASrsedy endoivelExclusby OCRfor ed byOCR for GCE BiologyPete KennedyFrank SochackiSue HockingMark WinterbottomSeries Editor:Sue HockingchackiFrank Soedy andPete Kenn r: Sue HockingitoSeries EdIn Exclurtnerssive PahipIn ExclusivePartnershipEasy-to-use contentmenu and search boxto help you locate yourrequired content.Split into 30Weekly Plans.Sample screen from OCR ASBiology Teacher Support CD-ROM.9

3FWJTFendorsedby OCR forAS#JPMP HZExclusively3FWJ TF#JPMPHZGCE BiologyThis revision guideis tailoredendorsedto the OCRby OCR forand teachspeciGCE Bioloers, givingy. It is writte fication and exclug you:sivelyn by experienced examinerscompletecoverageof the specicontent organfication forised by moduthe examspecificatisle and uniton and examto followsbite-sizedthe strucchunture of therevision time ks of information to makeit easier toquick-checorganisekyourknowledge revision questionsso that youeasilycan test yourhints andtips fromownexaminerslots of practto help youice examavoid comm-style quesall the answon errorstions foreach unitright track ers to questions so.that you cancheck thatTitles in thisyou’re ontheOCR AS Bioloseries:OCR A2 Biolo gy student bookand examcafé CD-ROCR AS Biolo gy student bookOMand exam978 0 43569café CD-ROCR A2 Biolo gy Teacher Supp1OMort CD-ROM978 0 43569 80 6OCR AS Biolo gy Teacher Supp1ort978 0 43569 90 5OCR A2 Biolo gy revision guide CD-ROM1gy revision978 0 43569 77 6guide1 91 2978 0 435583978 0 43558 70 53 73 6Revision Guides3FWJTFAS#JPMPHZExclusivelyendorsedby OCR forGCE BiologySecondEditionwww.heineman01865 8881n.co.uk18In ExclusiveI S B N 978-0435583Partnership978043Richard FosberySeries editor: and Ianto StevensSue Hocking-70-55 583705lClearly written and well designed to aid revision.lWritten by experienced examiners and tailored to the new specification.lPacked with examiner tips.lTargeted at ensuring understanding with quick-check questionson each topic and end of unit exam-style questions.In ExclusiveWhere appropriate,information is presentedin tables or simple cleardiagrams in order to aidunderstanding.nesClearly linked tothe specification.membranesves.enters and leants.d control whatte compartmend all cells anararousepsurointesmembrankaryotic cellsCell surfaceoplasm of eucyttheupideMembranes divKey wordsu fluid mosaicicu hydrophobcu hydrophiliid bilayerolipsphphoumeableu partially perExaminer tipanellesMost of the orgrecogniseyou need tomembraneare made of– see page 4.are very thinlines0 as two darkons of 100 00out 7 nm.at magnificatiabMisTEerantheinmbtein.visibleacross the mebilayer, plus proMembranes areThe distanceis, known as aa clear space.to water. Thisphospholipidseparated bytwo layers ofd are attractedofandeseilicmathephtharedrocell. Boare hyidstheMembraneslipofhooreriospextics of the phd towards theare hydrophobThe polar headcytoplasm anthe two layerse towards theabout thecarbon tails ofwhy they facter. The hydrons are scatteredwateibyer.Proteds.othnandtheic boside toareas are domiak hydrophobgh from onecell. Thistogether by wess right throuand are heldoutside of thene proteins paid, and face thed transmembralipande,anrannteimbmeed to proachattareCarbohydratessaic.led a fluid mochainstructure is GlycolipidInside(cytoplasm)id bilayer isThe phospholipteinsshow the prosplit open tot through thethat pass righmembrane.oil.osaic?a thin layer ofmbrane as like– think of a melipids are liquidhoospphid:u Flupart ofCarbohydrateis a picturedglycoproteinHydrophilic heau Mosaic: this small piecesGlycoproteinmade of manythelikearensof tile. Proteisurroundedpieces of tileGlycolipidids, whichby phospholipent holdingare like the cemether.everything togs areSome proteinanchored inand do notmembranesmove likemove; othersofboats in a seaid.phospholipbilayerHintPhospholipidck 17–10nmExaminer tipable toYou should beel adraw and labdiagram of athe onemembrane likeat thein the figurepage.bottom of thisCholesterolA cross-sectionChannel proteinthrough a cellcell surfaceCarrier proteinHydrophobictail Examiner tipeDo not confush cilia –microvilli wit 16.and4espagseeithin cellswcientlyoccur more effies within cells:functions canThe membranments whereartmpcoothesisl intmesu divide the cel lly harmful enzymes in lysoso lorophyll, involved in photosyntiachu isolate poten surface for pigments, such asgeming ATP inu provide a larenzymes for fortszymes and coin chloroplasholding the enforefacsurgee.g. thatu provide a lar and chloroplastsrts of the cell,s between pamitochondriaort moleculelgi apparatus.iculum to Goicles that transpreticvessmndplarouu surgh endoteins from routransport proMembranesWhy fluid m Quick chebranesmemthrough butstances passdcause some subospholipids anned by the phpermeable beymialles:terrtidepaisembranface membranmesurallMembranes areofCey.ilitght. The permeabat passes throuothers do noive about whranes are selectsubstancesproteins. Memblwater-solublenymatowithin the celru act as a barrie ge molecules, such as enzymes, , oxygen and carbon dioxideteru keep many lar to small molecules such as wa cose and ionsgluleu are permeab to selected molecules such as s and exocytosisleosiu are permeab ent of substances by endocyt of the immune systemsevemthoasu permit moer cells, suchh as hormonesptionnition by othu permit recog s for signalling molecules suc large surface area for the u are often ext by animal cells.of substancesnform aPhospholipidsout,bilayer: ‘heads e 5.pagtails in’ – seeFunctionsFunctions ofof glycoproteiHintof cellrand cell exterioween cytoplasmas a barrier betmbraneyer that actswithin the mevesu form a bilamoacidycansand fattso componentxidePhospholipidssuch as oxygenu are fluid,and carbon diolar moleculesethanol, waterable to non-poamino acidslecules such asu are permeh as sugars andsmall polar motosucelesabllecumear mou are perspholipidsand large pollar tails of phoeable to ionsfluid atds and non-pou are impermbecoming toog to polar heayer by bindinperatures andg at low temspholipid bilayinphoidifthesolsesidsu stabiliphospholiptinginvenlyprebyCholesterol (oncontrols fluiditys – much uresleculeseukaryotic cellhigh temperatus and polar moto water, ionl cellspermeabilitysmore in animasucereduls and carriernnes)chacellasntingteins actthan in plae.g. hormonesembrane proby other cells,u are transmdemaalsmbranesors for chemicProteinsface of cell meu are receptthe exterior surdrugsonly found onmones) and fore antigens)ydrate chainsas cell surfaclecules (e.g. horu are carbohwnmoknongoalli(alsotherseptors for signGlycolipids andy the cells tou act as recrs that identifrkeon)masesieeinadhfacrotllsurglycopther (ceu act as cellcells to one anoteinsed in ‘sticking’(lipids and prou are involvatewith carbohydred)2chains attachQu ick che ckComponentmembranePhospholipidModule 11CellCell membraONSK QUESTIQUICK CHEC?c.as fluid mosail surfaceare describedability of a cely membranesce the permeteins influen1 Explain whproanddsphospholipiwholaincells.2 Expmal and plantmembrane.es within anion of membranthe distributi3 Describeranesurface memb Sample pages from OCRAS Biology Revision Guide.10Enables students tocheck their knowledgeand understanding.Answers are provided atthe back of the book.Module 1UNITPartnershipHints and tips helpstudents avoidcommon errors. Quick check 3Hintring quickWhen answen 3, lookcheck questiole ofback to the tab e 4.pagonllesorgane

AS#JPMPHZrsed byely endoExclusivOCR for#JPMPHZlogyGCE Bio#JPMPHZSummary of contentshackiFrank Socnedy andPete Ken or: Sue HockingSeries EditlusiIn ExcExclusivelyA2endorsed byOCR for GCEBiologyPete KennedyFrank SochackiSue HockingMarkship WinterbottomSeries Editor:Sue Hockingtnerve ParIn ge andUNIT 1 Cells, exchan(F211)transport17 Transpiration– xerophytes18 Reducing water losssugars – translocation19 The movement ofquestionsSummary and practiceon questionsEnd-of-module examinati76788082842Module 1 Cells4ist of cellsdiversity, food1 Living organisms cons6UNIT 2 Molecules, biotion2 Cell size and magnifica8lth duct3 Elect10Biological moleculesessesviModule8817 1Transpiration bolism4 Cells and living proc12emistry and metaand function1 Bioch7690UNnelle18ITs1– strucRedu5 OrgacingCelturewatels, exchange and tran14r losss – xerophytesbondandalsemicBiochspo27892nelle19 The movement of(F26 Orga11)s at work16 rtrsohydrates 1: simple sugars – translocation 94 80– fluid boundariesesCarb3branmemgical7 BioloModule 1 Cells18Sumgy storagemaryenerticeand2:pracratesohydquestionsaic model96 822 4 Carb8 The1fluidLivinmos20unitsg organisms consist ofEnd-of-mratesstructuralodul3:llinge examcellsination questions5 Carbohydication and cell signa98 844ins9 Com2 munCell size22and magnifica– the monomers of proteive processestionacidspasso–1esAmin6branmem10010 Cros3 singElectron microscopes24 6o acidsessesaminprocfromandecellUNITins 2es 2 – 11 4 Cells and living procdiversity, food26structureof proteandls hea8 Levelthin(F2special case esses104r is anelle12)12 Wate5 Orga28 10s – struc daugcellsactionhterandfuncProteinstion9 Mod– parent andture106cellsnelleulein1 Biologic13 New6 Orga30 12almols at workecumersless are not polyLipidone10fromei1108 86Biochnuclemistry and metabolis14 Two7 Biological membransame 32 14mall thedarienot boun– fluidtial oils?s are11 Essens and life cycleess2110 88Biochcycle16emic15 Cellals8 Theandgical34bondmolefluid mosaic models culebiolovitala–rWate12 3 Carbohydratesialisation11290spec16 9CellCom3618simpmunication and cell signa– 1le 1492Carbohydrates 2: ener 2nisin201710OrgaCrossing membranes 1 – passical biochemistry – gy storageive processes 3822Pract14511694Carbtionsohydquesrates11 maryCrossing3: ngstrucculesand practuralmolememticeunitsbranes 2 – active procSumcodi–es40eotid156Nucl11896Amino acids – the monge24on questions esses12 of-mexamWateodulr is ae specialinatiEndcasemation stora omers of proteinsinfor–DNA98167 Proteins from amino1202613 New cells – parent42nsrtandspodauging the chLeve228ls of protein strucproteulenuclei from one14 TwoModins44tureularglobare102189 Enzyces for exchange124Protemesial surfa30ins in action re enzymes work best151 SpecCell cycle46s and life cyclesexchand out – whenot all the same 32Insides are10419 Lipid10126as an organ of are angelungialisaThe specnot poly162 Cell48tion saction mersmeEnzy10620lung11128theEssenes ing the34tial oils?Tissunisin173 Orga50organismand temperatureEnzyrmescity10821 Wate1213036– a vital biolo4 Measuring lung capatscule52gicaleffecmolepH–Sumworkmary and pracatmesEnzyical11022Practtice alsquestions13132biochemistry5 Transport in anim– 1entration effects3854Endwork – concheartatof-module examnmesmaliaEnzymam11223theinatiof14134on questionsPractical biochemistry6 The structure– 2 itors of action4056mes at work – inhibEnzy1142415cycleNucliacccardeotidthetiThe 2 Exches – codi – coen7 uleMod58molezymeculess and prosange iacandmes at workngtransportEnzycycle1161361625DNAof the cardrol–infor428 Contmati1 Specon60storageial surfaces for exchangepsgrous 138d vesselsing the instructionsmes – poisons and drug11844 62 17 Read9 Bloo2 Thelungas an organ of lymphfering with enzyInterange120140Enzyd, tissue fluid andexchmes are globular prote46 64 18 26Bloo3 10Tissues inme actioins n – 1the nd48Carriout2– whe enzy4 11Measuring lung capacityn –work66actiomesbesttigating enzyreme124 14428 Invesof carbon dioxideme action50 68 20 Enzy12 Carri5 Tranan overviewsporaget in animalsmes and metabolism –12629 Enzyt in plantsmes and temperature52 70 21 EnzyTranspor13 struc6 The146ture of the ndmesmary54Xylemat work – pH effectsSum14 card7 The14872iac cycle130examination questions23 Enzyeodulcells and watertmesof-m56PlanatEndwork15 rol8 Cont–74concentration effectsof the cardiac cycle ement up the stem13224 Enzymes at work –uptake and mov5816dWate9 Blooinhibitors of actionvesser ls13425 Enzymes at work –6010 Blood, tissue fluidcoenzymes and prosthetiand lymphcgroups62iv age11 Carriof oxygen13626 Interfering with enzy6412 Carriage of carbonmes – poisons and drug4-5dioxides 138biology.prelims.indd27 Investigating enzypages6613 936SampleOCRTransport in plantsme action –from114028Investigat68ingenzyme action – 214 Xylem and phloemASBiologyStudentBook.14229 Enzymes and meta7015 Plant cells and watebolism – an overviewr1447216 Water uptake andSummary and practicemovement up the stemquestions74146End-of-module examination questionsiv148Contents3 Sampling animals150ity4 Measuring biodivers152nomy5 Classification and taxo1 Nutrition154sest disea6 The five kingdom2 Diet and coronary hear156snthinguctiolivingprod7 Classifying3 Improving food158sfood8 Naming living thing4 Microorganisms and160e disease9 Modern classification5 Organisms that caus162ses10 Variation6 Transmission of diseain diseases 164certaofertancimpoe11 Adaptation7 The worldwid166s to diseases12 Natural selection8 Non-specific response168tion13 The evidence for evolu9 Antibodies170cellseenbetwn14 Evolution today10 Communicatio172iesresponse15 Conservation of spec11 The specific immune174changeMod on 2 Food and heaeffect of global climate12 Vaccinatiulelth176 15016 Thesitu3inSam1sionNutrdrugervat pling animalsitionnew13 Finding178 15217 Cons4 ervatMeaion2 Diettsandsurinexgsituof smobiodiversitycorokingnary heart disease14 The effec180 154 18 Consoncarbon monoxide5 natiocoopClassnal3 Impr–ovinificatnicogtineion eratiand taxonomyfoodandproduction15 Smoking182 156 19 Inter6The five king ques4 Microorgdiseassescularanisms tionsand food16 Cardiovas184 158 Summary and nnismlivingon quesinatithings tions17 The evidence s that cause diseaseodule exam186 160 End-of-m8 Naming living thing6 Transmission ofquestionsssesand practice diseaSummary1621889 Modern classification7 The worldwide impoquesetionsof certain diseases 164 Answersodule examination rtancEnd-of-m10 Variation8 Non-specific responses to diseases n190166lutio11saryevoAdaptation9 AntibandGlossityodieiversModule 3 Biod19216812 Natural selection10 Communityication between cellsx1 Biodivers194170 Inde1311 The specificTheevidence for evolutionts une response2 Sampling planimm17214

OCR Biology Course Guide AS A2. Heinemann is working exclusively with OCR to produce an exciting suite of resources tailored to the new OCR GCE Biology specification. Written by experienced examiners, OCR AS and A2 Biology provide you with