XIX. Chemistry, High School

XIX. Chemistry, High School

High School Chemistry TestThe spring 2011 high school MCAS Chemistry test was based on learning standards in the Chemistrycontent strand of the Massachusetts Science and Technology/Engineering Curriculum Framework (2006).These learning standards appear on pages 69–73 of the Framework.The Science and Technology/Engineering Curriculum Framework is available on the Department websiteat www.doe.mass.edu/frameworks/current.html.In test item analysis reports and on the Subject Area Subscore pages of the MCAS School Reports andDistrict Reports, Chemistry test results are reported under the following four MCAS reporting categories: Atomic Structure and Periodicity Bonding and Reactions Properties of Matter and Thermochemistry Solutions, Equilibrium, and Acid-Base TheoryTest SessionsThe MCAS high school Chemistry test included two separate test sessions, which were administered onconsecutive days. Each session included multiple-choice and open-response questions.Reference Materials and ToolsEach student taking the high school Chemistry test was provided with a Chemistry Formula and ConstantsSheet/Periodic Table of the Elements. Copies of both sides of this formula sheet follow the final questionin this chapter.Each student also had sole access to a calculator with at least four functions and a square-root key.The use of bilingual word-to-word dictionaries was allowed for current and former limited English proficientstudents only, during both Chemistry test sessions. No other reference tools or materials were allowed.Cross-Reference InformationThe table at the conclusion of this chapter indicates each item’s reporting category and the frameworklearning standard it assesses. The correct answers for multiple-choice questions are also displayed in thetable.328

ChemistrySession 1DIRECTIONSThis session contains twenty-one multiple-choice questions and two open-response questions. Markyour answers to these questions in the spaces provided in your Student Answer Booklet. You maywork out solutions to multiple-choice questions in the test booklet.ID:208220 C Common EQ1 ID:263581 A Common EQ3 As heat is slowly added to a glass ofice water, the temperature remains at0 C. Which of the following statementsexplains why the temperature of themixture of ice and water remainsconstant as heat is added?Which of the following statementsexplains why elements of the alkalimetal family are highly reactive?A. Alkali metals are easily ionized.B. Alkali metals are negatively charged.C. Alkali metals have an odd number ofprotons.A. Heat is stored in the solid ice.B. Heat is stored in the liquid water.D. Alkali metals have an odd number ofelectrons.C. Heat is used to turn the solid iceinto liquid water.D. Heat is absorbed equally by thesolid ice and the liquid water.ID:264323 B Common EQ4 ID:229666 A Common EQ2 Which statement below best describeswhat happens when sodium chloride,NaCl, is dissolved in water?A. The NaCl separates into Na andCl ions.Black powder was used as a propellantfor fireworks for centuries. One ofthe components of black powder ispotassium nitrate (KNO3). Black powdercontaining 1 mol of KNO3 releases289 kJ of heat during combustion. Themolar mass of KNO3 is 101 g/mol.How much heat is released if a fireworkcontains 250 g of KNO3?B. The NaCl separates into unchargedNa and Cl.A.117 kJC. The NaCl reacts with water to formNaH and HCl.B.715 kJD. The NaCl reacts with water to formNaOH and Cl2.D. 72 , 250 kJC. 29 ,189 kJ329

Chemistry Session 1ID:260763 A Common EQ5 ID:258938 B Common EQ7 What is the percent by mass of carbonin carbon dioxide (CO2)?Bismuth-210 ( 21083 Bi) decays directly topolonium-210 ( 21084 Po) .B. 33%Which of the following must be emittedduring this radioactive decay?C. 43%A. alpha particleD. 73%B. beta particleA. 27%C. neutronD. protonID:261073 B Common EQ6 A 0.50 L container at 305 K holds a0.22 g sample of carbon dioxide gas(CO2). Assuming ideal gas behavior,what is the pressure, in kilopascals,exerted by the gas?A. 23 kPaB. 25 kPaC. 41 kPaD. 67 kPa330

Chemistry Session 1ID:261087 D Common EQ8 ID:275868 C Common EQ10 A chemical reaction is shown below.Zn(s) 2H (aq)2 Zn (aq)H 2 (g)Which of the following statements bestexplains why this chemical reaction isan oxidation-reduction reaction?A. 0.400 gB. 14.9 gC. 29.8 gA. Zn reacts under basic conditions.D. 400 gB. Zn dissolves in an aqueous solution.C. Zn and H undergo a changeof state.D. Zn loses electrons and H gainselectrons.ID:244939 B Common EQ9 How many grams of KCl aredissolved in 2.00 L of a 0.200 Msolution of KCl?Which of the following statementsdescribes the role of a buffer?A. It increases the rate of a reaction.B. It keeps the pH of a solution withina small range.C. It changes the oxidation states ofelements in a compound.D. It shifts the reaction equilibrium tofavor more product formation.331

Chemistry Session 1Question 11 is an open-response question. BE SURE TO ANSWER AND LABEL ALL PARTS OF THE QUESTION.Show all your work (diagrams, tables, or computations) in your Student Answer Booklet.If you do the work in your head, explain in writing how you did the work.Write your answer to question 11 in the space provided in your Student Answer Booklet.ID:254842 1592.eps Common EQAntifreeze is mixed with water in a car’s radiator to help keep the solution from freezing. Thegraph below shows how the freezing point of a solution of antifreeze and water changes basedon the percent of antifreeze in the solution.Freezing Pointof Antifreeze SolutionFreezing Point of Solution ( C)11 0– 10– 20– 30– 40– 50– 60– 70– 80010 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100Percent of Antifreeze in Solutiona. Based on the graph, estimate the percent of antifreeze in a solution of antifreeze and waterthat has the lowest freezing point.b. Compare the freezing point of 1 L of 40% antifreeze solution with the freezing point of10 L of 40% antifreeze solution. Explain the reasoning for your answer.c. A car mechanic stated that a 50% antifreeze solution provides better protection for theradiator of a car than a 90% antifreeze solution. Is the mechanic’s statement correct orincorrect? Include data from the graph to support your answer.332

Chemistry Session 1Mark your answers to multiple-choice questions 12 through 22 in the spaces provided in your StudentAnswer Booklet. Do not write your answers in this test booklet, but you may work out solutions tomultiple-choice questions in the test booklet.ID:206748 C Common EQ12 ID:216965 B Common EQ14 A sample of nitrogen (N2) gas in a10.0 L container has a pressure of1.0 atm at 297 K. Assuming ideal gasbehavior, what will the pressure be ifthe same amount of nitrogen gas is putinto a 5.0 L container at 297 K?2 NO 2 (g)N 2 O 4 (g)58.8 kJWhat happens to the equilibriumif the temperature is increased?A. 0.40 atmA. A new product will form.B. 0.50 atmB. More NO2 will be formed.C. 2.0 atmC. More N2O4 will be formed.D. 2.5 atmD. The equilibrium will remain the same.ID:261463 261463 opts.eps [opt a01, D Common EQ13 The equation below shows a reactionat equilibrium.Which of the following diagramsrepresents a single displacement(replacement) reaction?A.B.C.D.333

Chemistry Session 1ID:281918 3213071 AR1.eps B Common EQ15 ID:208270 D Common EQ16 The illustrations below represent theexpansion of a gas in a cylinder of anengine. The piston moves as the gasvolume changes.What is the chemical formula forammonium sulfate?A. NH4SO4B. NH4(SO4)2C. NH4(SO4)3D. (NH4)2SO41.0 LID:281311 B Common EQ17 0.50 LInitialFinalThe atomic theories of Dalton, Thomson,Rutherford, and Bohr all support whichof the following statements?A. Atoms are mostly composedof empty space.What could have been done to thegas in the cylinder to bring about thischange in volume?B. All matter is composed of tiny,discrete particles called atoms.C. Electrons orbit the nucleus of anatom at distinct energy levels.A. Half of the molecules were released.B. The Kelvin temperature was doubled.D. Atoms are composed of positivelyand negatively charged particles.C. The condensation rate for the gaswas doubled.D. The amount of heat in the gas wasreduced by one half.334

Chemistry Session 1ID:275853 C Common EQ18 ID:260755 C Common EQ20 A leaf gently floats on a pond. Which ofthe following statements best explainswhy the leaf stays on top of the water?A. The leaf has nonpolar covalentbonds between its atoms.B. The density of the leaf is greaterthan the density of the water.A. the large difference in the atomicradii of hydrogen and fluorine atomsC. The water molecules are held tightlytogether by hydrogen bonding.B. the large difference in the atomicmasses of hydrogen and fluorineatomsD. The hydrogen and oxygen atoms inthe water are chemically bonded.C. the large difference in theelectronegativities of hydrogen andfluorine atomsD. the large difference in the numberof electrons of hydrogen andfluorine atomsID:280892 B Common EQ19 In a hydrogen fluoride (HF) molecule,a hydrogen atom and a fluorine atom areheld together by a polar covalent bond.Which of the following best explainswhy this bond is polar?Silver (Ag) has 47 protons in eachatom. Based on this information, whichof the following also describes an atomof silver?A. It has no neutrons.B. It has 47 electrons.C. It has 23 neutrons and24 electrons.D. It has a total of 94 neutronsand electrons.335

Chemistry Session 1ID:246709 D Common EQ21 ID:261077 A Common EQ22 Which of the following occurs in anionic bond?Which of the following lists three statesof water in order of increasing entropy?A. Two ions share protons.A. ice, liquid, vaporB. Two ions share electrons.B. liquid, ice, vaporC. Similarly charged ions attract.C. ice, vapor, liquidD. Oppositely charged ions attract.D. vapor, liquid, ice336

Chemistry Session 1Question 23 is an open-response question. BE SURE TO ANSWER AND LABEL ALL PARTS OF THE QUESTION.Show all your work (diagrams, tables, or computations) in your Student Answer Booklet.If you do the work in your head, explain in writing how you did the work.Write your answer to question 23 in the space provided in your Student Answer Booklet.ID:273069 252570 plates.eps, 252570 Common EQ23 Radium-223 is part of a radioactive decay series that gives off alpha, beta, and gamma radiation.a. Identify the charges on alpha radiation, beta radiation, and gamma radiation.A sample of radium-223 is placed in a lead block and the emitted radiation passes betweencharged plates, as shown below.Emitted radiationLead blockcontaining sample Positive plate–––––––––Negative plateb. Describe the path of each type of radiation as it passes between the charged plates.If several sheets of aluminum are placed in the path of the radiation emitted from the sampleof radium-223, as shown below, some radiation would be blocked.Emitted radiationLead blockcontaining sampleAluminumsheetsc. Identify which type of radiation the aluminum sheets would least likely block.Explain your answer.337

ChemistrySession 2DIRECTIONSThis session contains nineteen multiple-choice questions and three open-response questions. Markyour answers to these questions in the spaces provided in your Student Answer Booklet. You maywork out solutions to multiple-choice questions in the test booklet.ID:273001 C Common EQ24 ID:273213 BELROB135 Four Compressed D Common EQ25 Which of the following activities couldcause liquid molecules to overcomeintermolecular attractive forces andbecome gas molecules?The four tanks shown in the diagrambelow contain compressed nitrogen gas.The temperature of the gas is the samein each tank.A. adding a solute to the liquid10 atmB. adding a catalyst to the liquid20 atmC. increasing the temperature ofthe liquidD. increasing the air pressure abovethe liquid10 atm20 atm60 L30 LTank 160 L30 LTank 2Tank 3Tank 4Which of the tanks contains the greatestnumber of gas particles?A. tank 1B. tank 2C. tank 3D. tank 4338