Sophomore Research Packet

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English II Research PaperPacketVista Murrieta High SchoolEnglish Department

Research Packet Table of ContentsParent Letter . 3Research Topics . 4Research Paper Checklist .5Research Paper Project Overview . 6Research Terms to Know .7-8MLA Format for Research Papers .9Plagiarism .10-11Finding and Evaluating Web Sources .12-14Depths of Complexity 15-16Bibliography Cards .17-18Note cards .19-21Annotating for a Research Paper .22Photocopy Instructions .23Rhetorical Terms .24-25Thesis Statement .26Introductions .27-28Schaffer Method Body Paragraphs 29Body Paragraph Template .30Writing Summaries and Paraphrases .31-32Integrating Quotes 33-35Transitions .36Works Cited Page . .37Peer Editing .38-41State Standards .42Rubric 432 of 43

Dear Parent/Guardian,Your student will begin the senior research paper next week in his/her English class. This researchpaper constitutes a large percentage of your student’s final grade for first semester; it is amandatory requirement for ALL grade levels.It is imperative that you and your student understand that failure to complete the assignment or afailing grade on the assignment will result in an “F” grade for first semester. Because the Researchpaper is a vital part of your student’s semester grade, your student will be given adequate time toresearch and complete the assignment. Be advised that your student may need to conduct researchon his/her own time; please plan accordingly.Additionally, note the Academic Dishonesty Policy according to Vista Murrieta HS:For a first offense the following will occur: Teacher makes referral to the counselor and notifies the parent LOSS OF ALL CREDITS FOR THE ASSIGNMENT or test with NO MAKE-UPPERMITTED Conference with the student, parent/guardian, teacher, and counselor.If you desire, I will send a copy of the assignment and other handouts to you via email as anattachment. If you have any questions, please feel free to contact me at ,or email me at .Respectfully,Parents/Guardians and students: Please print and sign your name below to indicate that you haveread and understand the importance of the research paper and the consequences of an incompleteor F grade.Parent/Guardian print nameStudent print nameParent/Guardian SignatureStudent signatureDue3 of 43

RESEARCH TOPICS: ENGLISH II1. Fuel Alternatives for the Future2. Educational Equality: Boys vs. Girls3. Kids and their tech. toys4. Fast Food and our Society5. Influential Toys/Media influences6. Animal Cruelty7. War on Terrorism and Racial Profiling8. Emancipation of Minors9. Gang Violence10. Overmedicating Teens/Children11. Music Swapping12. My space and online blogs13. Drinking Laws14. Celebrity Idols- Positive or Negative role models?15. Stay at home parents vs. working parents16. Violence and high school sports17. Body Image in America18. Youth Voting in America4 of 43

Research Paper ChecklistTopic Selection: Due:Controlling Idea:Due:Bibliography Cards Due:Note cards or Notes Due:Thesis Statement:Due:Outline Due:Works Cited Due:Rough Draft Due:Final Draft Due:5 of 43

Research Project OverviewProject Overview:Students will develop writing that demonstrates a command of standard AmericanEnglish as well as research, organization, and drafting strategies. Students shouldselect a specific topic that has a “provable” component to it. Do not create areport that solely gives information on a topic. Pick a topic from the given list andprove something specific in regards to impact and/or significance.Project requirements:CP English IIAdvanced English II1. 2-4 page length.2. MLA format.3. Five source minimum. One source must bein book form, and one source must be aprinted periodical.4. At least four sources must be cited in thebody of the essay.5. Students will generate a minimum of 30note cards or notes from their sources.6. Students must create an outline of theiressay including a thesis, concrete details,and commentary.7. Students will include a works cited pageat the end of their essay.1. 4-6 page length.2. MLA format.3. Seven source minimum. One source must bein book form, and one source must be aprinted periodical.4. At least four sources must be cited in thebody of the essay.5. Students will generate a minimum of 60 notecards or notes from their sources.6. Students must create an outline of theiressay including a thesis, concrete details,and commentary.7. Students will include a works cited page atthe end of their essay.Research Material Options: Books Internet Sites Interviews Educational Publications Magazines Newspapers Documentaries Encyclopedias CD-ROM/DVDs Literary Critiques Pamphlets Videos/Movies EBSCO6 of 43

Research TermsThe following terms are used throughout this guide to refer to specific writing and researchconcepts. Please refer to this sheet if there are any questions throughout the research process.Bibliographic Information: the address for your source. Author, title, publisher, date, etc. Thisinformation needs to be organized according to MLA style in the student’s works cited page.Bibliography Cards (also known as source cards): contain the bibliographic information for onesource. Students will complete a bibliography card for each of the sources they use. Thesecards should be placed in alphabetical order and number.Categorizing: the process for sorting through and organizing the research note cards. For example,research papers can be categorized by cause/effect relationships, comparisons, persuasiveappeals, problem/solution, qualities of an object, etc.Commentary: specific opinions expressed by the student about each concrete detail. Commentarymust be directly related to the concrete detail, must be specific, and must be focused uponthe overall topic of the paragraph in which it appears.Conclusion: record of what has been discovered through the writing of the paper. A student’sconclusion should almost entirely consist of commentary and it should not repeat phrasesand sentences found elsewhere in the paper.Concrete Detail: a specific example used to support the topic sentence. It can be a quote, fact,statement, summary, paraphrase, or other illustration.Controlling idea/questions: the specific idea that the project is shaped around. In the final draftof the paper, the controlling idea changes into a thesis statement.Drafting: the process of taking the research that has been done and writing it out in expositoryform.Editing: the process of checking spelling, grammatical usage, and punctuation.Format: the physical parameters of the report. Spacing, punctuation, font size, and style are issuesof format. The format for this paper must follow MLA guidelines. Format requirements areoutlined later on in this packet.MLA Style: MLA Handbook for Writers of Research Papers specifically dines procedures andrequirements for scholarly research. Most colleges and universities use MLA style in somecapacity. MLA stands for Modern Language Association.Paraphrase: recording the ideas found from a source in one’s own words. Paraphrases still must bedocumented in the works cited page and parenthetical citation. To do otherwise is tocommit plagiarism.7 of 43

Plagiarism: use of another person’s ideas, words, or opinions as if they were your own. Anyundocumented information from a source is considered plagiarism. Plagiarism can beintentional or unintentional. Students caught plagiarizing will fail the assignment and besubject to the progression of consequences outlined in the student handbook.Quotation: recording ideas found in a source and writing them with the original text. Quotationsmust be surrounded by quotation marks.Revising: the process of changing the structure and ideas in a paper.Thesis: the articulated point of your essay. The thesis expresses your opinion about the topic andstates what your essay is seeking to prove.Topic Sentence: a sentence that clearly defines the point of a specific paragraph. Each bodyparagraph needs to begin with a topic sentence. The topic sentence relates directly to andsupports the thesis statement.Transitional expressions: words that are used to provide organizational structure to an essay.They connect ideas and topics in as smooth a manner as possible.Works cited page: a typed document that contains the bibliographical information for every sourceused by the student. The entries in a works cited page need to be formatted according toMLA style.8 of 43

MLA Format for Research PapersPrinting or Typing:1. Research Papers must be typed2. Times New Roman Font Only3. 12 point font4. Use only one side of the paper (do not print on the back)Margins:1. One inch margins throughout the entire paper2. Indent the first word of a paragraph on half inch (five spaces or one Tabspace)3. Indent long format quotations one inch (ten spaces) from the left marginSpacing:1. Double Space throughout the entire paper including quotations, notes,heading, and list of works cited.Heading, Header, and Title:1. No title page2. Follow the formatting below as an example of the first page of an MLAformat essay.!Title is centered. Do notbold, underline, or italicize.½”Jordan 1Everythingis doublespaced,includingtheheading.Michael JordanMr. HaeferAdvanced English II, Period 11”1”27 Sept. 2008.,School Uniforms Benefit Students“We’ve all seen the tragic headlines screaming of death of the death of ateenager who was killed for a pair of sneakers or jewelry or designer jacket. In Detroit9 of 43

Plagiarism§l[JJ h§n§dl so§nlihigh schoolstudentslet someoneelsecopytheirwork inand 97.5% didin 1989”-The“58.3% ofectwn 1969,liState of Americans: This Generation and the Next§§“30% of a large samplingof Berkeley studentswere recentlycaught plagiarizing directly fromwJrftthe Internet”-Kresults of a Turnitin.com test, conducted from April-May 2000 OJ someone§pPlagiarism llis passingoffwork ofelse as your own. See the handbook OJ1tthe w(Cregarding consequences.Material is probably common knowledge if . . .xxxYou find the same information undocumented in at least five other sourcesYou think it is information that your readers will already knowYou think a person could easily find the information with general reference sources]O)Need 1tto DocumentxxxxxxWhen you are using or referring to somebodyelse’s words or ideas from a magazine, book,newspaper, song, TV program, movie, Webpage, computer program, letter, advertisement,or any other mediumWhen you use information gained throughinterviewing another personWhen you copy the exact words or a "unique1lllphrase" from somewhereWhen you reprint any diagrams, illustrations,charts, and picturesWhen you use ideas that others have given youin conversations or over emailWhen you use any statisticWhen Researching and NotetakingAction duringwriting pprocessdl1tthe wxxxMark everything that is someone else’s wordswith a big Q (for quote)or with big quotationiqJmarksIndicate in your notes which ideas are taken§ and which are your ownfrom sources (S)insights (ME)MRecord all of the relevant documentationinformation in your notes1tto Document]O)No NeedNxxxxWhen you are writing your own experiences,your own observations, your own insights, yourown thoughts, your own conclusions about asubjectWhen you are using "common knowledge"—kfolklore, common sense observations, sharedinformation within your field of study or culturalgroupWhen you are compiling generally acceptedfactsWhen you are writing up your ownexperimental resultsAppearance onproduct OJ1tthe iffinished pProofread and check with your notes (or photocopiesof sources) to make sure that anything taken from yournotes is acknowledged by using any of the followingmethods:xxxIntegrated Quote with an in text citationParaphrasing with and in text citationLarge Quotation method10 of 43

Making Sure You Are SafeAction duringwriting processp1tthe wdIIWhenparaphrasing :al.andsummarizingIxxWhen qquotingdirectlyjf(0)1tthe finishedAppearance onproductxxFirst, write your paraphrase andsummary without looking at theoriginal text, so you rely only on yourmemory.Next, check your version with theoriginal for content, accuracy, andmistakenly borrowed phrasesxKeep the person’s name near thequote in your notes, and in your paperSelect those direct quotes that makethe most impact in your paper -- toomany direct quotes may lessen yourcredibility and interfere with your stylexBegin your summary with a statementgiving credit to the source: Accordingto Jonathan Kozol, .xPut any 1lllunique wwords orthat D phrasesJPyou cannot change, or do not want tochange, in quotation marks: . "savageinequalities" exist throughout oureducational system (Kozol).xxMention the person’s name either atthe beginning of the quote, in themiddle, or at the endPut quotation marks around the textthat you are quotingIndicate added phrases in brackets ([[]) and omitted text with ellipses (. . .)00011 of 43

Finding and Evaluating Sources§Your llinformation search:TIP: Use the wWorks Cited every time you finda new source§Print Search§Electronic Search1. Start with a reliable encyclopediatoreget background information on asmany different aspects of your topicas possible2. Look in the works citedat the end ofccthe article for suggestions for furtherresearch3. Find andreviewas many of theallJrsources in the bibliography section aspossible.§4. Review the works citedsection(foundccin the back of the book) for each ofthose sources5. Find andreviewas many of theallJrsources in those bibliography pages aspossible6. Etc.1. Log onto the IEEBSCO database2. Search for articles with llimportant lkey§words llin andsurroundingyour topicall3. Findandreview as many articles asJFallJryou can and decide which ones areapplicable.4. Use the works citedfor eachccapplicable article5. Find andreview as many sources inJrallthe bibliography section as possible.6. Repeat for reliable news sites7. As a last resort use google, but besure to analyze carefully whether ornot the article is reliable andallappropriate or not (all such articlemust be Vverified bby Vyour 1tteacher).DO NOTFORGETNIFQ1. II])DO A§A SOURCE QUALITYCHECK FORALL AARTICLESJFA2. PHOTOCOPY AALL AARTICLESill)OR AAPPROPRIATE BOOKSECTIONS(C(CA§3. CREATEA SOURCE CARDFORJFALL AARTICLES4. HIGHLIGHTPHOTOCOPYIHIJPAND AANNOTATE AALLSOURCESQ1. II])DO A§A SOURCE QUALITYCHECK FORALL AARTICLESJFA2. PRINT AALL AARTICLES(C(CA§3. CREATEA SOURCE CARDFORJFALL AARTICLES4. HIGHLIGHTPRINTEDIHIJPARTICLE AAND AANNOTATE AALLSOURCES12 of 43

Source Quality Check§(cdlarticle, orresourceshouldto determineEvery lbbook, periodicalrp0 other0lbbe evaluatedce(c(c yal(clill0 yits quality andrelevance toyour topicandthenature ofyour assignment. 1[JUse (cthealllits Jr(c lhcecriteria lbbelow tohelp yyou evaluateresources.rx What are the author's education and experience? Look for information aboutthe author in the publication itself.x Who is the audience for the publication (scholarly or general)?x Is the publication primary or secondary in nature?x Does it provide general background information or in-depth information on aspecific topic? Which do you need?x How extensive is the bibliography? Can you use these references to find moreinformation?x What is the publication date?x How up-to-date are the citations in the bibliography?x How current do you need for your topic?(cllinformation llis fDetermine wwhether thefact, opinionor00 propaganda.pxxxxAre there footnotes to show the source of the facts or quotes?Does the publisher have a particular bias?Are opinions or propaganda easy to recognize?Do the words and phrases play to your emotions or bias the .htmlQuestions:1. Where do you commonly find the publication date in a book?2. How do you determine who the “audience” is for this book?3. What is a bibliography?13 of 43

How to Read a Web Address:Domain NameThe domain name can give you a good idea about the accuracy and reliability of theinformation you will find at that web address. The domain is found after the http://and www. to the first forward slash /.ExtensionsExamples: .com and .net.You probably know quite a few already. Extensions are intended to show the type ofestablishment that owns and publishes the domain.eduEducational organization.k12 US school site.schSchool site.mil military institution.comCompany.org organization.govGovernment agency.net NetworkNew extensions to look for are: .biz, .name, .pro, .info. All are used for commercialpurposes.Extensions can also include country codes such as .uk, .ca, .za, etc.Personal Web PagesA personal page is a Web site created by an individual. The Web site may containuseful information and links to important resources and helpful facts, but often thesepages offer highly biased opinions and are not recommended.The presence of a name in the URL such as bsmith and a tilde or % or theword users or people or members frequently means you are on a personal website. Even if the site has the extension, .edu, you still need to look out forpersonal pages. Ask yourself “who is the author and what are their credentials?”Questions:1.2.3.4.5.Which of he above sites are more likely to have the most reliable information?Which ones may present information with a bias?Which sites may be trying to sell you a product?How can you use this information to evaluate the information on the web site?What are clues in the URL that help identify the site as a personal web page?14 of 43

Depths of Complexity BrainstormingDepths of Complexity: to examine an issue or question critically and thoroughly, it must be done from manydifferent perspectives. The following are 19 possible perspectives.1. Ethical concerns2. Societal, Globalimplications3. Individual concerns:psychological, physical,emotional4. Family concerns5. Economics6. Religious7. Medicalbenefits/concerns8. Humane/Inhumane9. Race relations10. Safety11. Environmental concerns12. Pretext (false reasons)13. Cultural impact14. Mankind’s responsibilityfor a better future15. Scientific concerns16. Education17. Legal18. Political implications(media politics)19. Military concernsPeel the0t Onion:1. Choose a “depth of complexity” item that is affected by your topic2. Create a chain reaction graphic organizer for each depth of complexity you chosea. Think of as many starting points for each depth of complexity as possibleb. Go as far as possible from each starting point.3. Repeat for each new depth of complexity.Thesis: the Point of View or opinion you have about your topic. It is an argument. You must takea side. Make a defensible statement.§the topic of each body paragraph. This is the first sentence in each bodyTopic Sentences:paragraph.1. Simply state what the paragraph will be about and how it helps prove your thesis2. Simple and clear is okay.Working Outline:Thesis 5 topic sentences015 of 43

Brainstorming Practice/ExampleTopic: September 11Depths of Complexity:1. Economics2. ?(c0Peeling theOnion:create a graphic organizer for all 6 depths of sCoststaxpayers Loss of IncomeDFamilyImpactLife InsuranceWarWarcosts EconomicJumpstart?Peopleafraid to flyTaxpayerspay for thewarCompaniesthatcontract forthe gov’tmakemoneyAirlinesspendmoney onsafetyCompanies payCost passed toconsumer?Airline IndustryTaxpayerscan buylessEconomics could be one paragraphOrBuilding , loss of income, war, and airline industry could be 4 paragraphsAirlines infinancialtrouble16 of 43

Bibliography CardsInstructions for Bibliography Cards/Works Cited EntriesOnce you have found the sources you intend to use, you will need to identify them for your reader. For each Source you use, write a separate listing on an index card.Number each card in the upper right hand corner. Include all of the required available information for each source according to type. Since you will useyour Bl BLIOGRAPHY CARDS later to create your Works Cited page, including the required, correctpunctuation is helpful. Sources sometimes have no author. If author1 s name is missing, begin with the title of thesource.1. BooksBOOK CARDS/WORKS CITED ENTRIES may include some or all of the information listed below. Items in capitalletters are what appears on most cards1. THE NAME OF THE AUTHOR OR AUTHORS [if available} (followed by a period)last name, first neme for first authorsecond author's name is not inverted2. TITLE (followed by a period)in italics or underlined3. editor, translator, compiler, if any (followed by a period)name is not inverted4 . PLACE OF THE BOOK'S PUBLICATION (followed by a colon)5. THE NAME OF THE BOOK'S PUBLISHER (followed by a comma)6. DATE OF THE BOOK'S PUBLICATION (followed by a period)2. Magazines/NewspapersWrite a separate card for each article from a MAGAZINE, NEWSPAPER, OR JOURNAL. Articles sometimes haveno author. If author's name is missing, begin with the title of the article.1. THE NAME OF THE AUTHOR OR AUTHORS [if available] (followed by a period)last name, first namesecond author's name is not inverted2. THE TITLE OF THE ARTICLE (followed by a period placed inside quotation marks)in quotoation marks3. THE TITLE OF THE PERIODICALin italics or underlined4. THE DATE OF THE ISSUE IN WHICH THE ARTICLE APPEARS (followed by a colon)5. THE PAGES ON WHICH THE ARTICLE YOU ARE REFERRING TO APPEARS (followed by aperiod)3. Encyclopedias (any other alphabetically arranged reference book)General encyclopedias are good sources for background information on a topic. They are not considered strongsources for good research papers. As you become more experienced in doing research, you should rely less onthis type of source.Many high school teachers and college professors will not accept a general encyclopedia, like the World BookEncyclopedia as a source.Specialized encyclopedias, such as The American Medical Association Encyclopedia of Medicine, Total Baseball:The Official Encyclopedia of Major League Baseball, or the Encyclopedia of Dog Breeds are acceptable sources.1. THE NAME OF THE AUTHOR OR EDITORS [if available) (followed by a period)last name, first namesecond author's name is not inverted2. THE TITLE OF THE PART OF THE WORK USED in quotation marks (followed by a period placedinside quotation marks)3. THE TITLE OF THE ENCYCLOPEDIAin italics or underlined (followed by a period)4. THE YEAR OF THE EDITION (followed by a period).17 of 43\\

4. Internet/WebThere are ·many pieces of information that may be used to document resources from the Worldwide Web. Listedbelow is the information that is considered essential if it is available. Again, there may not be an author. Be sure toprint or save a copy of any web source you plan to use; then you will have any more information you may need.1. THE NAME OF THE AUTHOR OR AUTHORS [if available] (followed by a period)last name, first namesecond author's name is not inverted2. THE TITLE OF THE ARTICLE OR SECTION OF THE SITEin quotoation marks (followed by a period placed inside quotation marks)3. THE TITLE OF WEB SITEin italics or underlined4. THE NAME OR THE ORGANIZATION OR GROUP ASSOCIATED WITH OR SPONSORING THEPAGE (followed by a period)5. THE DATE THE SITE WAS CREATED OR REVISED OR THE COPYRIGHT DATE. (followed by aperiod)6 . THE DATE YOU VIEWED THE SITE7. THE URL ADDRESS in (followed by a period)5. EBSCOArticles located by EBSCO or other similar electronic collections are usually published somewhere else; therefore,the entry begins like an entry for the original source (usually a magazine, newspaper, or journal). This information isthen followed by the EBSCO information.1. THE NAME OF THE AUTHOR OR AUTHORS [if available] (followed by a period)last name, first nc:mesecond author's name is not inverted2 . THE TITLE OF THE ARTICLE (followed by a period placed inside quotation marks)in quotoation marks3. THE TITLE OF THE PERIODICALin italics or underliried4. THE DATE OF THE ISSUE IN WHICH THE ARTICLE APPEARS (followed by a colon)5. THE PAGES ON WHICH THE ARTICLE YOU ARE REFERRING TO APPEARS (followed by aperiod)6 . INFOTRAC (followed by a period)7. NORWOOD SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL LIBRARY (followed by a comma)8. NORWOOD, MA (followed by a period)9. THE DATE YOU VIEWED THE SITE1O. http://www.galegroup.com/ (followed by a period)Sample Bibliography Cards- -- - · ···: . l!Jlq.,ay,J. - . .···- - . - .·--·- . -.J--·-- ., .··. . .J-- tim,,dc,n.f11:ze.r.;. - ----··-: . . -·· -··--·- ······. - - ---·-·.JNeW Yorl:I,·. Coliir--- :.-. :.:--· ,s7.f. :·. .·1- . ---· - ---·· - . -.'. - ·n.Pop&t . . . .-:. . .M . ,',rt./:l !WB.Mar. 19.7tS: , ·. . , ··. - :,.q . . .:.·:·.,,· - - ·-··· -· ---'----- . ;. ., ,. - . &r,-. O :. ·- - ·- - ':.Pop ,!·,r.U .-J,rfJr-411. . ll-.- - -- -··--- 2. -- - . .' . . :MiJi;;.J.,;uJaJ.·1--1.,-- ,.M ,. , ,. , ,- ·- : .l::-42 --·- . W;,,:J,ol.': . -- ··- . . -L ;·- --···----- -- -. Me&ar,-iiAI). Riwldw.'riic,. . ;;,,,;:;;utieh;;,. w ,':to ; . . .'.--- -··-·· - ·--. -- ·-··- ·., 1999. ··· ·- --··. z, r-ct1,9',.,,.cy.;9e5. .- .:44 .,.·,,. '· xp:s;;:,·: .-.t -," 4 J ,,.,.1:;.;e:.······ . ···---· .-··-·-.·--·· -·-, .ii''.: ,h,;p-11-,.d;;;: o; t.4.i.cam1t'Mf. r·· . M - !\A\,: -. . fJie.5JGWt.S.t-i.11iM ,-. . :,. ,. -·. . . . . . . . . ·i,I'.(orlll)'- '*-::iebook)- - I · - 9 ., l,r1J4{)' 2001. . ·,-;;; ,., Y i .- ·-·· . -. . . . 5. .J.-f f) .- - - - - -··Encycloptdla Al1lde Cardlntamet/Web Card .·-·· r:a:i.G!ollo. Mac. 1976;. : ',TVShoWCerd-·.: ./.7· · ]!11r/J &iok.E"frf1m14'·' .1;l99ed,,. I····: ·- .--·······" .· · · ·-· . ,.i. . . .-- ····-··· . ···- .!- .- -"18 of 43

Researching and Organizing Your Paper:The Note Card Systempap er, the most important part ofWhe n you are face d with starting a research.ANIZING the information and you r thoughtsresearching and beginning to write is ORGerably more time to write the pap er. To makIf you are not organized, it will take considesystem as you gath er information. Withit eas y on you rsel f, you can use an index cardyou find by topic. For each topi c, you cou ldthis method , you categorize the informationrent sources . Late r, as you write yourhave any num ber of cards from seve ral diffegraph (supporting idea) in your paper.paper, each card topi c becomes a bod y para Researchingc during you r research , you shouldAs you find interesting facts about your topiyou find should be paraphrasedwrite them dow n. Each sentence or idea thaton a ca rd. In orde r to keep you r ideas in(summarized in you r own words), and writtenideas, there are fou r item s that youorder, and to rem emb er where you found thesee below.sho uld include on the index card, as you willHere is a sam ple card:Sourc #3· ughes' po try is on t cXJm pl of th ,'IOvofi e ond influsn t iol art of the1Hugh es poet ryri0rltm R ngissam;t ,Sou rce #3Hughes ' poetry is an example of thePage: 15inno vativ e and influ entia l art of theSourcs #3s' poetry,,: Hughe Hughes' pot try Is on cxnmpls of theinno,o tivs and iofluantial art of th Harlen R1moi"ance.Page:Page: 15J . o hra edY.OU t oundintorJnation4. g you foun d thisfact oninformation on the card. The card topic1. The card topic is the title for the kind ofof it as the title, or main idea of the card.is a name that you make up yourself. Thinkhow you could briefly categorize, or titleAfter writing down the information , figure outit.card a topic name, it serves twoAlthough it may seem tedious to give each notepurposes :will be less likely to write down It keeps you focused in your research . Youted to you r topic) if you areunnecessary information (facts that are not rela.careful to write down the topic for every cardyou begin organizing your research. It is necessary to have these topics oncemagazine, web cite, etc., in which you2. The source title is the name of the book,the source was given a number,found the information. In the previous example,d write out the title on each card , or simplyinstead of writing out the entire title . You couler, like the exa mple here . Number yourlist your sources on a separate sheet of pap19 of 4316

sources on this list, and then use the numbers on the note cards to specify whichsource provided which fact.Remember! This is not a complete works cited, bibliography, or reference page. You. will need to add the publication information and use the correctSourca #3Hughes;' po trycitation format (APA, MLA, Chicago/Turabian, etc.) for the formalHughes' po try is on xomple of the·works cited page.innovot iv and inf Iu1nt iol art of theHori unr R11noisscnc:1 .3. Item number three is the paraphrased information that you15' .&d . It ·1s he IpfuI to parap h rase, or summarize,·. , ." ,. . Pog, : . - 1ounyour researchon the index cards while you are taking notes. If you areconsistent in paraphrasing at this stage, then you will be certain not to accidentallyplagiarize someone else's work. You will also have less work to do when you areactually writing the paper.4. It is important to be accurate with the page numbers on your note cards, as you willneed th

Advanced English II, Period 1 heading. 1” 1” 27 Sept. 2008 School Uniforms Benefit Students “We’ve all seen the tragic headlines screaming of death of the death of a teenager who was killed for a pair of sneakers or jewelr

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