Metro Vancouver's Integrated Solid Waste And Resource .
IntegratedSolid Waste andResource Managementa Solid Waste Management Planfor the Greater Vancouver Regional Districtand Member MunicipalitiesJULY 201043747394284355www.metrovancouver.org
Table of ContentsVision Statement. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Goals and Targets. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .45A. Integrated Solid Waste and Resource Management PlanGuiding Principles . .Sustainability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6Integrated Resource Recovery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Resource Management Principles: The 5Rs. .Public Health Principles. .6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6Process and Consultation. .7. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Aligning with Provincial Initiatives . .Aligning with Federal Initiatives. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8Coordinating with other Metro Vancouver Plans. .Governance, Roles and Responsibilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11Geographic Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12Approved Facilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15New Facilities . .Flow Control . .First Nations Lands. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15B. Goals, Strategies, Actions and MeasuresGoal 1: Minimize Waste Generation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Goal 2: Maximize Reuse, Recycling and Material Recovery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Goal 3: Recover Energy from the Waste Stream after Material Recycling . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1824.27. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .29. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .31Goal 4: Dispose of all Waste in Landfill After Material Recycling and Energy Recovery . .Performance Measures and Adaptive Management . .Financial Implications16Appendix ALong Term Monitoring Requirements for the Waste-To-EnergyFacility in Burnaby . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Figure 1 Metro Vancouver Sustainability Framework . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Figure 2 Key Connections with other Metro Vancouver Plans. .Figure 3 Map of Plan Area. .359. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13Figure 4 Map of Approved Facilities . .Table 1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Regional Waste Management – Net Expenditures. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1433
Vision StatementMetro Vancouver has a vision to achieve what humanity aspires to on a global basis – the highest quality of lifeembracing cultural vitality, economic prosperity, social justice and compassion, all nurtured by a beautiful andhealthy natural environment.We will achieve this vision by embracing the principles of sustainability, not least of which is an unshakeablecommitment to the well-being of current and future generations and the health of our planet, in everything we do.As we share our efforts in achieving this vision, we are confident that the inspiration and mutual learning we gainwill become vital ingredients in our hopes for a sustainable common future.Building a Sustainable Livable RegionBuilding a sustainable, livable region is the overarching regional vision. Social, environmental and economicsustainability is, therefore, a fundamental objective in all Metro Vancouver activities: from the services we deliverthrough the management and strategic plans we develop and administer, to the various outreach activities weengage in pursuit of collaborative governance.As we build and facilitate collaborative processes, including those that engage citizens, and enhanceunderstanding of other levels of government, we are confident that the inspiration and mutual learning we gainwill become vital ingredients in our hopes for a sustainable common future.4Solid Waste Management Plan July, 2010
Goals and TargetsGoalsThe overriding principle of the Integrated Solid Waste and Resource Management Plan is the avoidance ofwaste through an aggressive waste reduction campaign and through the recovery of materials and energy fromthe waste that remains. In line with this principle, the Integrated Solid Waste and Resource Management Plan(ISWRMP) has four goals:Goal 1: Minimize waste generationGoal 2: Maximize reuse, recycling and material recoveryGoal 3: Recover energy from the waste stream after material recyclingGoal 4: Dispose of all remaining waste in landfill, after material recyclingand energy recoveryThe key strategies and actions to achieve the goals of the ISWRMP are set out in Part B, Goals, Strategies,Actions and Measures.TargetsReaching the primary goal of waste avoidance requires a reduction in the generation of waste. Metro Vancouverhas few levers to directly control the volume of waste generated. So the target for waste reduction is one forthe community as a whole to aspire to, rather than one the Greater Vancouver Sewerage & Drainage District(GVS&DD) can be held wholly responsible for achieving. This Plan therefore sets a target for the Metro Vancouverregion to reduce the quantity of waste generated per capita within the region, calculated on a rolling 5 yearaverage, to 90% or less of 2010 volumes by 2020.To reach the second goal of waste reuse, recycling and material recovery, as much as possible must be divertedaway from the waste disposal stream and into programs aimed at reuse, recycling and material recovery. Thesecond target of the ISWRMP is to increase the regional diversion rate from an average of 55% to a minimum of70% by 2015 and an aspirational target of achieving 80% by 2020 assuming there will be sustained markets forall diverted material.The overall 70% diversion target implies the following approximate diversion rates by sector: Multi-family 30% Single-family 65% Institutional, commercial and industrial 70% Demolition, land clearing and construction 80%Conventionally it has been assumed that the 5Rs hierarchy approximates the sequence of processes in wastemanagement and the goal of reducing, reusing or recycling waste to the maximum extent possible has beenmeasured as the rate of ‘diversion’ of waste from reaching the fifth step in the hierarchy – the disposal ofresidues. Modern reality is more complex. As a result, using the conventionally defined ‘diversion rate’ includessome source separated material utilized as fuel being considered ’recycled’ while some material that is recycledafter incineration is still considered ‘disposed’.This Plan is driven by the underlying principles of sustainability but, for the sake of historic comparability,continues to use the conventional definition of ‘diversion rate’.Solid Waste Management Plan July, 20105
A. Integrated Solid Waste and ResourceManagement PlanGuiding PrinciplesIntegrated Resource RecoveryThe Plan follows the sustainability principles set outin Metro Vancouver’s Sustainability Framework, theprinciples of Integrated Resource Recovery and the5R hierarchy of resource management.Integrated Resource Recovery is an approach todesigning and managing urban systems, particularlyutilities, to generate synergies which enable the‘waste’ from one system to become ‘resources’ foranother.SustainabilityThese traditional wastes are untapped resources.If accessed and used appropriately, they can helppreserve non-renewable resources, stretch thecapacity of existing infrastructure, save energy,generate revenue, protect the environment andreduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions.Sustainability encompasses a long-term commitmentto economic prosperity, community well-being andenvironmental integrity. It is at the core of MetroVancouver’s vision for the future, and provides thefoundation for the development of the region’smanagement plans.The Metro Vancouver Sustainability Frameworkidentifies three overarching principles which state thatdecision making must: Have regard for both local and globalconsequences, and long-term impacts Recognize and reflect the interconnectedness andinterdependence of systems Be collaborativeThese provide the foundation for the three operatingprinciples that guide Metro Vancouver: Protect and enhance the natural environment(Conserve and develop natural capital) Provide for ongoing prosperity (Conserve anddevelop economic capital) Build community capacity and social cohesion(Conserve and develop social capital)A solid waste management plan which follows theseprinciples will seek to ensure our individual andcollective behaviour does not generate avoidable orunnecessary material waste and will seek systems andtechnologies which recover and recycle materials andrecover energy.Where investment or reinvestment in infrastructureis required, that infrastructure will be resilient, beadaptable to climate change, lessen the region’sdependence on non-renewable energy sources, andprotect the environment.6Resource Management Principles:The 5RsThe principles of the internationally recognized 5Rhierarchy also emphasize the value of waste as aresource. The hierarchy sets out the relative value ofdifferent methods of waste management: Reduce waste at source Reuse where possible Recycle products at the end of their useful life Recover energy or materials from the waste stream Manage Residuals in an environmentally soundmannerPublic Health Principles Emphasis on investing in upstream preventativesolutions as opposed to downstream problemmanagement. In the case of managing thewaste stream, this principle requires increasinginvestment towards reducing waste generation. Fairness and equity. The costs and benefits of thePlan will be distributed fairly among populationgroups. Transparency. Decisions are made throughprocesses that enable meaningful public inputthroughout the planning and implementationphases, including final decisions on wastemanagement facility, technology and siteselections.Solid Waste Management Plan July, 2010
Sustainability. The Plan will sustain populationhealth and wellness not only for residents of MetroVancouver but also for all British Columbians andglobally.Process and ConsultationAll actions included in this Plan will be undertakenin consultation and cooperation with municipalities,senior government, First Nations, health authorities,the business community, and the public.As the population grows and circumstances change,the ISWRMP will be reviewed and revised. AnISWRMP progress report will be made every twoyears and a comprehensive performance review ofthe Plan undertaken every five years, with a full planreview and update every ten years.Aligning With Provincial InitiativesThis is a provincially mandated plan. The objectivesset out in the 1995 Greater Vancouver RegionalDistrict Solid Waste Management Plan were set bythe Provincial Government. These objectives were: To reduce per capita garbage disposal in the year1995 by at least 30% from 1990 levels. To similarly reduce per capita garbage disposal inthe year 2000 by at least 50% from 1990levels. To responsibly manage residuals.These objectives have been met.The updated ISWRMP is guided by principles thatare aligned with current provincial policies andpositions, ensuring that Metro Vancouver’s and seniorgovernments’ environmental and fiscal objectives andactions are mutually supportive and successful.Key provincial plans and policies supported by theISWRMP include the: BC Air Action Plan The Air Action Plan seeks toimprove air quality across British Columbia bypromoting clean transportation, clean industry andclean communities.Solid Waste Management Plan July, 2010The ISWRMP will contribute to meeting thegoals of this program by managing waste locally,imposing the strictest air quality standards on allfacilities and reducing emissions in the communitythrough district energy systems. BC Climate Action Plan This Plan sets a provincialtarget of 33% less greenhouse gas emissions by2020, and 80% fewer by 2050.The ISWRMP will contribute to meeting thesetargets by facilitating waste reduction and bytreating waste as a resource to be reused, recycledor recovered. BC Energy Plan – A Vision for Clean EnergyLeadership The Energy Plan sets goals for clean,self-sufficient electricity production including“clean energy leadership” and energy selfsufficiency by 2016.The ISWRMP seeks to expand the generation ofelectricity and biofuels from municipal solid wasteas well as the recovery of heat for use in industrialor district heating systems. BC Recycling Regulation This regulation providesa legal framework for establishing extendedproducer responsibility (EPR) programs managedby industry to promote product stewardshipwithin the province of British Columbia. Theunderlying goal of this regulation is for producersto accept full life-cycle cost accounting for theirproducts. This would see costs of the end-oflife management of products treated similarly toother factors of production and incorporated intoproduct prices. Successful EPR shifts the expensesassociated with product end-of-life managementfrom taxpayers to producers and consumers.The ISWRMP supports the principles of EPR andincludes numerous actions to accelerate EPRprogram development and implementation. A Guide to Green Choices – Ideas andPractical Advice for Land Use Decisions in BCCommunities This guide expressed the needfor “sustainable infrastructure”. The long-termsustainable management of existing and futureinfrastructure investments requires integrated,innovative solutions.7
The ISWRMP contains actions that supportsustainable infrastructure, such as clean energy fromdistrict energy systems. BC Bioenergy Strategy The Strategy encouragesthe production of fuel from biomass.The ISWRMP builds upon existing efforts involvingthe recovery of methane from landfills. It alsopromotes additional diversion of biomass, suchas food residuals and treated wood, for use asrenewable sources of energy. Opportunities tointegrate liquid and solid waste management alsosupport the BC Bioenergy Strategy. Landfill Gas Management Regulation Thisregulation requires landfills to consider designsthat optimize methane capture, reducinggreenhouse gas emissions.Existing and any future Metro Vancouver landfillsunder the ISWRMP will follow this regulation,contributing to the climate change solution.Aligning with Federal Initiatives CCME Canada-wide Action Plan for ExtendedProducer Responsibility The Canadian Councilof Ministers of the Environment (CCME) haveadopted a waste management approach whichextends the responsibility of producers formanagement of products to the end of theproduct life. Through the Canada-wide ActionPlan for EPR, the CCME and the province of BritishColumbia are working towards the developmentand implementation of additional EPR programsintended to have producers accept full life-cyclecost accounting for their products. This wouldsee the costs of the end-of-life managementof products treated similarly to other factors ofproduction and incorporated into product prices.The draft ISWRMP supports the principles of EPRand includes numerous actions to accelerate EPRprogram development and implementation.In partnership with municipalities and the privatesector, Metro Vancouver’s initiatives in all of theseareas will reduce greenhouse gas emissions, diversifythe region’s sources of energy, increase renewableenergy sources, and increase the region’s energyindependence.8Solid Waste Management Plan July, 2010
Coordinating with otherMetro Vancouver PlansThe Sustainable Region Initiative provides aframework for linking the ISWRMP with the region’sother plans, as shown in Figure 1. It also establisheslinks across regionally mandated plans and withinitiatives that are executed by other partners.The ISWRMP identifies synergies with MetroVancouver’s other utilities and plans, to make thebest use of society’s resources, and to minimize theregion’s impact on the environment. Figure 2 showsthe connections between the ISWRMP and otherregional plans.REGIONAL VISIONMETRO VANCOUVER ROLE AND MISSIONVALUESSUSTAINABILITY IMPERATIVES AND PRINCIPLESVision, mission, values, imperatives and principles arethe foundation for Metro Vancouver’sthree interconnected roles: Policy Plans Strategies RegulationsProgress towards a sustainable region is measured byMETRICS, TARGETS and KEY DELIVERABLESwhich establish Strategic Priorities and key activitieswithin Metro Vancouver’s three rolesFigure 1:Solid Waste Management Plan July, 2010 Outreach Advocacy Education Collaborativeprocesses Infrastructure management AdministrationThe ISWRMP includes coordinated actions with theIntegrated Liquid Waste and Resource ManagementPlan, chosen to identify opportunities to make bestuse of the resources generated from the two wastestreams. For example, organic municipal solid waste,like waste food, can potentially be co-digested withsewage sludge.The principles guiding the ISWRMP and theconnected goals and actions will also help achieveobjectives in the Air Quality Management Planand Metro Vancouver 2040, the region’s RegionalGrowth Strategy. The ISWRMP will minimize MetroVancouver’s contribution to climate change byreducing the disposal of untreated waste in landfills,by recovering energy in the form of heat for districtheating, and by reducing the use of fossil fuels forspace heating. These steps will assist in buildingcompact, complete communities using clean energyfor district heating. Political Forum Core ServicesMetro Vancouver SustainabilityFramework9
Figure 2: Key Connections between Metro Vancouver’s Integrated Solid Waste and ResourceManagement Plan and Other Metro Vancouver Plans10Solid Waste Management Plan July, 2010
Governance, Roles andResponsibilitiesis primarily self-managed with businesses and nonprofit societies providing recycling, transferring and/or disposal services.Solid waste management plans are authorizedand regulated through the BC EnvironmentalManagement Act. Once each updated plan isapproved, it becomes a regulatory document for solidwaste management.The management of household hazardous wastesis carried out by the Province primarily throughExtended Producer Responsibility (EPR) programsand the Hazardous Waste Regulation. Providedfinancial and liability issues are satisfied, MetroVancouver and member municipalities will cooperatewith the Province and industry groups to providea comprehensive household hazardous wastemanagement program.Metro Vancouver and member municipalities workcollaboratively to provide waste managementservices to the region. Metro Vancouver coordinatesthe long-range planning process for recyclingand disposing of solid waste in the region. MetroVancouver also funds and manages the operatingcontracts for the transfer stations, waste-to-energyfacility and landfill (with the exception of theVancouver South Transfer Station and the VancouverLandfill which are owned and operated by the City ofVancouver) that make up the region’s integrated solidwaste management system.In conjunction with regulations and operationalcertificates that may apply, this Plan regulates theoperation of these facilities. Where conflicts may existbetween agreements related to such facilities and thisPlan, including the Tri-Partite Agreement betweenDelta, Vancouver and Metro Vancouver, this Plantakes precedence.Municipal solid waste (MSW) includes refuse thatoriginates from residential, commercial, institutional,demolition, land clearing or construction sources asoutlined in the Environmental Management Act.For management purposes, waste is generated fromthree sectors: residential (from both single-family unitsand multi-family units); industrial, commercial andinstitutional (ICI); and demolition, land clearing andconstruction (DLC). Member municipalities operateor coordinate the collection of recyclables andgarbage and in some cases yard and garden wastefrom the single-family residential sector and someICI and multi-family residential sources. Recyclingfrom multi-family residences is also collected bymunicipalities, but much of the ICI and multi-familyresidential garbage collection services are providedby the private sector. ICI recycling is collected almostexclusively by private haulers. The third sector, DLC,Solid Waste Management Plan July, 2010Recycling processing facilities in the region areprimarily privately run businesses, as are the brokerswho facilitate the movement of recyclables to endmarkets inside and outside of the region.The extent and complexity of the solid waste systemsrequire close coordination among the followinggroups:Federal Government The Federal Government regulates wastemanagement facilities under federal jurisdictionProvincial Government Various ministries have regulatory authority relatedto waste managementFirst Nations First Nations are an order of government withrights and responsibilitiesLocal Health Authorities Local health authorities have various interests andresponsibilities related to the waste managementprocessLocal Government Metro Vancouver is responsible for developing andensuring that the ISWRMP is implemented and isrequired to report on ISWRMP progress Member municipalities provide local wastemanagement services and implement municipalactions in the ISWRMP11
Private Sector Private sector businesses generate waste whichrequires management under the ISWRMP Private sector haulers, material brokers, recyclersand others provide services which makethe implementation of an integrated wastemanagement system possibleGeographic ScopeThe ISWRMP applies to the geographic area of MetroVancouver (see Figure 3). All strategies and actions inthe ISWRMP apply to the following members of theGreater Vancouver Regional District.Village of AnmoreVillage of BelcarraNon-profit Sector Provides voluntary services to segments of thewaste generating publicBowen Island MunicipalityCity of BurnabyCity of CoquitlamResidents Generate waste either as private individuals or ascontributors to institutional, commercial,industrial, demolition, land clearing or constructionactivities Responsible for carrying out proper wastereduction, recycling and disposal activitiesCorporation of DeltaCity of LangleyTownship of LangleyVillage of Lions BayDistrict of Maple RidgeCity of New WestminsterCity of North VancouverDistrict of North VancouverCity of Pitt MeadowsCity of Port CoquitlamCity of Port MoodyCity of RichmondCity of SurreyTsawwassen First NationCity of VancouverDistrict of West VancouverCity of White RockElectoral Area A – which includes the west side of PittLake, the northern portion of Indian Arm, a portionof land between the District of West Vancouver andSquamish Lillooet Regional District, Bowyer, Passageand Barnston islands, the University EndowmentLands (including Pacific Spirit Regional Park), and theUniversity of British ColumbiaIn addition, solid waste management services areprovided to the City of Abbotsford through contract.12Solid Waste Management Plan July, 2010
Figure 3: Map of Plan AreaLions ancouverAnmoreBelcarraNorthVancouverB u rrCitya rdPortMoodyIn le tCoquitlamVancouverPittPortMeadowsCoquitlamMaple RidgeBurnabyElectoralArea ANewWestminsterStrRichmondaitSurreyofGeorgiaFraser paryBayWhite RockCANADAApproved FacilitiesMunicipal solid waste in the region can be directedfor management to any approved disposal facilityidentified in the ISWRMP.Approved disposal facilities include the: Waste-to-Energy facility in BurnabyMetro Vancouver will work with the Province to mapand catalogue both operating and closed, privateand public landfills in the Metro Vancouver region.In addition to the approved disposal facilities, thefollowing publicly owned transfer stations are anintegral part of the Metro Vancouver integrated wastemanagement system: Vancouver Landfill North Shore Transfer Station Cache Creek Landfill Vancouver South Transfer Station Any disposal facility licensed by Metro Vancouverunder the Greater Vancouver Sewerage andDrainage District Municipal Solid Waste andRecyclable Material Regulatory Bylaw No. 181,1996 as amended by Bylaw No. 183, 1996. Coquitlam Transfer Station Surrey Transfer Station Langley Residential Transfer Station Maple Ridge Residential Transfer Station Matsqui Transfer StationThe locations of the Metro Vancouver and City ofVancouver facilities are shown in Figure 4.Solid Waste Management Plan July, 201013
Figure 4: Map of Approved FacilitiesNew FacilitiesMunicipal solid waste in the region may be directedfor management to any new facility contemplated bythis Plan provided the new facility follows the processfor development as outlined herein.New facilities specifically contemplated in this Planinclude: Any new organics processing facility establishedpursuant to Goal 2 of this Plan. Any new waste-to-energy facility located within theregion established pursuant to Goal 3 of this Plan. Any new waste-to-energy facility located outsidethe region established pursuant to Goal 3 ofthis Plan. Any additional landfill pursuant to Goal 4 ofthis Plan.14Process for development of new facilities shall includebut not be limited to: Appropriate procurement process. Environmental assessment, including anassessment of human health risk acceptable to theapplicable health authority, as may be required byprovincial and federal regulations. Suitable public consultation program as may berequired by environmental assessment process.The Ministry of Environment and health authoritieswill be informed and consulted as appropriateregarding the addition of new waste managementfacilities.Establishment of new facilities may also be performedwith consideration for provincial requirements inaddition to Metro Vancouver’s regional needs. If newfacilities are established to service Metro Vancouverand any other regional district, references in thisPlan to waste flows and contingency plans, refer onlyto quantities of waste from Metro Vancouver. TheMinistry of Environment may vary these provisionsSolid Waste Management Plan July, 2010
to accommodate, and only accommodate, wastemanagement requirements of other regional districts.The addition of new disposal facilities notcontemplated in this Plan will require an amendmentto the Plan. The addition of new facilities whichare not disposal facilities will not necessitate anamendment to this Plan.Flow ControlTo ensure the sustainability principles embodiedwithin this Plan are fulfilled, Metro Vancouver willretain management control of regional disposalfacilities. By retaining management control, allwaste reduction and diversion goals can be applieduniformly at all regional disposal facilities to ensureequity for all residents and businesses within theregion while attaining the goals of this Plan. Waste flows below 500,000 tonnes per year: theVancouver Landfill would continue to operate toabsorb residuals from the w
Solid Waste Management Plan July, 2010 Metro Vancouver has a vision to achieve what humanity aspires to on a global basis – the highest quality of life embracing cultural vitality, economic prosperity, socia
An estimated 2.5 million dogs visit Metro Vancouver's regional parks annually. Metro Vancouver Parks has established a procedure to collect and treat the dog waste. In the current . the ity of Vancouver, the ity of North Vancouver, the District of North Vancouver, the District of West Vancouver, the Township of Langley, the ity of Port
3 Metro Vancouver - Metro Vancouver 2015 Industrial Lands Inventory, 2016 4 Colliers - National Dashboard Report, Industrial Metro Areas Population 1 Million, Q1 2018 5 Avison Young - Metro Vancouver, Industrial Overview, Spring 2018 6 Vancouver Sun, Evan Duggan - Industrial lease rate surge in
1900 NW Bliss Rd, Vancouver 13003 SE 7th St, Vancouver 2623 NW Sierra St, Camas 9201 NW 9th Ave, Vancouver 2921 Falk Rd, Vancouver 512 SE Ellsworth Ave, Vancouver 2700 NW 119th St, Vancouver 12001 NE 9th St, Vancouver 21609 NE 72nd Ave, Battle Ground 3800 SE Hiddenbrook Dr, Vancouver 3301 Fruit Valley Rd, Vanco
United States Population by Metropolitan Size/Status, 1980–2010 2010 Population Shares by Metro Size (%) Chart 1 Chart 2 large metro ( 500k) small metro ( 500k) non-metro large metro 65.6% small metro 18.0% non-metro 16.4% Growth Rates by Metro Size 12% 12.5 14.3 10% 16% 14% 8% 6% 4% 2% 0% 1980–1990 1990–2000 2000–2010 10.9 8.8 13.1 10 .
An Age of Imperialism: the Spanish-American War 12 The World Theatre Enters Vancouver 15 On the Homefront during the Spanish-American War 20 Moving Overseas: the Philippine War 23 The Buffalo Soldiers Come to Vancouver 26 Vancouver As a Military Town 35 China Relief Expedition 37 Domestic Modernity in Vancouver 47 American Lake 49
Location Regional District . BC Hydro Facilities List for IVMP Ash River Generating Station and Switchyard, Elsie Lake Dam and Penstocks . Annacis Island Substation Delta Metro Vancouver RD Arnott Substation Delta Metro Vancouver RD Arnott DC Terminal Delta Metro Vancouver RD
Metro Vancouver RD uninc Langley City Port Moody West Vancouver North Vancouver (City) Port Coquitlam New West Maple Ridge North Vancouver (District) Delta Langley (Town) Coquitlam Richmond Burnaby Surrey Vancouver (City) 0 100,000 200,000 300,000 400,000 500,000 600,000 Population 2015 Vehicle Idling Bylaw X [0 500,000 1,000,000 1,500,000
Metro's integrated pest management plan supports Metro's toxics reduction goal set out in the Sustainability Plan for Metro Internal and Business Operations adopted by Metro Council in 2010 by Resolution No. 10-4198. Metro's toxics reduction goal is to eliminate the use or emissions of persistent, bioaccumulative toxics
