INTERNATIONAL IS0 STANDARD 2631-1

IS0INTERNATIONALSTANDARD2631-1Second edition1997-05-01Corrected and reprinted1997-07-15Mechanical vibration and shock Evaluation of human exposureto whole-body vibration Part 1:General requirementsVibrations et chocs mkcaniques - ivaluation;j des vibrations globales du corps -de /‘expositiondes individusThis is a free 6 page sample. Access the full version online.Partie I: Exigences g&kalesReference numberIS0 2631-1:1997(E)www.standards.com.auCopyright ISOwww.isostandards.com.au

IS0 2631 1:1997(E)This is a free 6 page sample. Access the full version online.ContentsPage1 Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2 Normative references *.O. . . . . . . . . . .*.e.“.*.3 Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4 Symbols and subscripts .4.1 Symbols .4.2 Subscripts .5 Vibration measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5.1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .*.5.2 Direction of measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .*.5.3 Location of measurement ,. .5.4 General requirements for signal conditioning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5.5 Duration of measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5.6 Reporting of vibration conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6 Vibration evaluation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .“.61. Basic evaluation method using weightedroot-mean-square acceleration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .62 Applicability of the basic evaluation method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6:3 Additional evaluation of vibration when the basic evaluationmethod is not sufficient . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .*.64 Frequency weighting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6:5 Combining vibrations in more than one direction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6.6 Guide to the use of the vibration evaluation methods . . . . . . . .7 Health .7.1 Application . .7.2 Evaluation of the vibration .7.3 Guidance on the effects of vibration on health .8 Comfort and perception .8.1 Application .8.2 Comfort .8.3 Perception .8.4 Guidance on the effects of vibration on perceptionand comfort .9 Motion sickness .9.1 Application .9.2 Evaluation of the vibration S0 1997All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publicationreproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical,photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from the publisher.may beincludingInternational Organization for StandardizationCase postale 56 l CH-1211 Geneve 20 l Switzerlandcentral@iso.chInternetc ch; a 400net; p iso; o isocs; s centralx.400Printed in Switzerlandiiwww.standards.com.auCopyright ISOwww.isostandards.com.au

ISO2631-1:1997(E)@ IS09.3 Guidance on the effects of vibration on the incidenceof motion sickness . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .17AnnexesAMathematical definition of the frequency weightings. . . . . . . . . .18BGuide to the effects of vibration on health . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .21CGuide to the effects of vibration on comfort and perception. . .24DGuide to the effects of vibration on the incidence of motionsickness . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .27. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .28BibliographyThis is a free 6 page sample. Access the full version online.Ewww.standards.com.auCopyright ISOwww.isostandards.com.au

@ IS0IS0 2631 1:1997(E)ForewordIS0 (the International Organization for Standardization)is a worldwidefederation of national standards bodies (IS0 member bodies). The work ofpreparing International Standards is normally carried out through IS0technical committees.Each member body interested in a subject forwhich a technical committee has been established has the right to berepresented on that committee. International organizations, governmentaland non-governmental,in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. IS0collaborates closely with the International ElectrotechnicalCommission(IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committeesarecirculated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an InternationalStandard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies castinga vote.International Standard IS0 2631-I was prepared by Technical CommitteelSO/TC 108, Mechanical vibration and shock, Subcommittee SC 4, Humanexposure to mechanical vibration and shock.Thissecondeditioncancelsand(IS0 2631 1:1985) and IS0 2631-3:1985.replacesthefirsteditionThis is a free 6 page sample. Access the full version online.IS0 2631 consists of the followingparts, under the general titleMechanicalvibration and shock - Evaluation of human exposure towhole-body vibration:-Part I: General requirements-Part 2: Continuous and shock-induced(1 to 80 Hz)vibration in buildingsAnnex A forms an integral part of this part of IS0 2631. Annexesare for information only.B to EThe revision of this part of IS0 2631 incorporates new experienceresearch results reported in the literature which made it desirable toand-reorganize the parts of this InternationalStandard;-change the methodenviron ment;and analysis of the vibration-change the approach to the application of the results.of measurementIncreasingawarenessof the complexityof human physiological/pathological response as well as behavioral response to vibration and thelack of clear, universally recognized dose-response relationships made itdesirable to give more quantitative guidance on the effects of vibration onhealth and comfort as well as on perception and the incidence of motionsickness (see annexes B to D).IVwww.standards.com.auCopyright ISOwww.isostandards.com.au

IS0 26314:1997(E)@ IS0The frequency range in this revision is extended below 1 Hz and theevaluation is based on frequency weighting of the r.m.s. accelerationrather than the rating method. Different frequency weightings are givenfor the evaluation of different effects.Based on practical experience, r.m.s. methods continue to be the basis formeasurements for crest factors less than 9 and consequently the integrityof existing databases is maintained. Studies in recent years have pointedto the importance of the peak values of acceleration in the vibrationexposure, particularly in health effects. The r.m.s. method of assessingvibration has been shown by several laboratories to underestimate theeffects for vibration with substantial peaks. Additional and/or alternativemeasurement procedures are presented for vibration with such high peaksand particularly for crest factors greater than 9, while the r.m.s. method isextended to crest factors less than or equal to 9.For simplicity, the dependency on exposure duration of the various effectson people had been assumed in IS0 2631-l :I 985 to be the same for thedifferent effects (health, working proficiency and comfort). This conceptwas not supported by research results in the laboratory and consequentlyhas been removed. New approaches are outlined in the annexes.Exposure boundaries or limits are not included and the concept of“fatigue-decreasedproficiency” due to vibration exposure has beendeleted.This is a free 6 page sample. Access the full version online.In spite of these substantial changes, improvements and refinements inthis part of IS0 2631, the majority of reports or research studies indicatethat the guidanceand exposureboundariesrecommendedinIS0 2631-1 :I 985 were safe and preventive of undesired effects. Thisrevision of IS0 2631 should not affect the integrity and continuity ofexisting databases and should support the collection of better data as thebasis for the various dose-effect relationships.www.standards.com.auCopyright ISOwww.isostandards.com.au

IS0 2631 1:1997(E)@ IS0IntroductionThe primary purpose of this part of IS0 2631 is to definequantifying whole-body vibration in relation tomethodsofhuman health and comfort;-the probability of vibration perception;-the incidence of motion sickness.This part of IS0 2631 is concerned with whole-body vibration and excludeshazardous effects of vibration transmitted directly to the limbs (e.g. bypower tools).Vehicles (air, land and water), machinery (for examplet those used inindustry and agriculture) and industrial activities (such as piling andblasting), expose people to periodic, random and transient mechanicalvibration which can interfere with comfort, activities and health.This is a free 6 page sample. Access the full version online.This part of IS0 2631 does not contain vibration exposure limits. However,evaluation methods have been defined so that they may be used as thebasis for limits which may be prepared separately. It contains methods forthe evaluation of vibration containing occasional high peak values (havinghigh crest factors).Three annexes provide current information on the possible effects ofvibration on health (annex B), comfort and perception (annex C) and on theincidence of motion sickness (annex D). This guidance is intended to takeinto account all the available data and to satisfy the need forrecommendationswhich are simple and suitable for general application.The guidance is given in numerical terms to avoid ambiguity and toencouragepreciseHowever,whenusing thesemeasurements.recommendations it is important to bear in mind the restrictions placed ontheir application. More information may be obtained from the scientificliterature, a part of which is listed in annex E.This part of IS0 2631 does not cover the potential effects of intensevibration on human performance and task capability since such guidancedepends critically on ergonomic details related to the operator, thesituation and the task design.Vibration is often complex, contains many frequencies, occurs in severaldirections and changes over time. The effects of vibration may bemanifold. Exposure to whole-body vibration causes a complex distributionof oscillatory motions and forces within the body. There can be largevariations between subjects with respect to biological effects. Whole-bodyvibration may cause sensations (e.g. discomfort or annoyance), influencehuman performance capability or present a health and safety risk (e.g.pathological damageor physiological change). The presence of oscillatoryforce with little motion may cause similar effects.viwww.standards.com.auCopyright ISOwww.isostandards.com.au

This is a free 6 page sample. Access the full version online.ISO 2631-1:1997 Mechanical vibration and shock - Evaluationof human exposure to whole-body vibration - Part 1: GeneralrequirementsThe remainder of this documentis available for purchase online atwww.saiglobal.com/shopSAI Global also carries a wide range of publications from a wide variety of Standards Publishers:Click on the logos to search the database online.

IS0 2631 1:1997(E) @ IS0 Foreword IS0 (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (IS0 member bodies).