The Foreign Animal Disease Preparedness And Response Plan .

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The Foreign Animal Disease Preparedness and Response Plan (FAD PReP)/National Animal Health EmergencyManagement System (NAHEMS) Guidelines provide a framework for use in dealing with an animal healthemergency in the United States.This FAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines was produced by the Center for Food Security and Public Health, IowaState University of Science and Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, in collaboration with the U.S.Department of Agriculture Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service through a cooperative agreement.This document was last updated July 2014. Please send questions or comments to:Center for Food Security and Public Health2160 Veterinary MedicineIowa State University of Science and TechnologyAmes, IA 50011Phone: (515) 294-1492Fax: (515) 294-8259Email: cfsph@iastate.eduSubject line: FAD PReP/NAHEMS GuidelinesNational Preparedness and Incident CoordinationAnimal and Plant Health Inspection ServiceU.S. Department of Agriculture4700 River Road, Unit 41Riverdale, Maryland 20737-1231Telephone: (301) 851-3595Fax: (301) 734-7817E-mail: FAD.PReP.Comments@aphis.usda.govWhile best efforts have been used in developing and preparing the FAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines, the U.S.Government, U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) and the Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, andIowa State University of Science and Technology (ISU) and other parties, such as employees and contractorscontributing to this document, neither warrant nor assume any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy,completeness, or usefulness of any information or procedure disclosed. The primary purpose of these FADPReP/NAHEMS Guidelines is to provide guidance to those government officials responding to a foreign animaldisease outbreak. It is only posted for public access as a reference.The FAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines may refer to links to various other Federal and State agencies and privateorganizations. These links are maintained solely for the user’s information and convenience. If you link to suchsite, please be aware that you are then subject to the policies of that site. In addition, please note that USDA doesnot control and cannot guarantee the relevance, timeliness, or accuracy of these outside materials. Further, theinclusion of links or pointers to particular items in hypertext is not intended to reflect their importance, nor is itintended to constitute approval or endorsement of any views expressed, or products or services offered, on theseoutside websites, or the organizations sponsoring the websites. Trade names are used solely for the purpose ofproviding specific information. Mention of a trade name does not constitute a guarantee or warranty of the productby USDA or an endorsement over other products not mentioned.USDA prohibits discrimination in all its programs and activities on the basis of race, color, national origin, sex,religion, age, disability, political beliefs, sexual orientation, or marital or family status. (Not all prohibited basesapply to all programs.) Persons with disabilities who require alternative means for communication of programinformation (Braille, large print, audiotape, etc.) should contact USDA’s TARGET Center at (202) 720-2600(voice and telecommunications device for the deaf [TDD]).To file a complaint of discrimination, write USDA, Director, Office of Civil Rights, Room 326-W, WhittenBuilding, 1400 Independence Avenue SW, Washington, DC 20250-9410 or call (202) 720-5964 (voice andTDD). USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer.Iowa State University does not discriminate on the basis of race, color, age, religion, natural origin, pregnancy,sexual orientation, gender identity, genetic information, sex, marital status, disability, or status as a U.S. veteran.Inquiries regarding non-discrimination policies may be directed to Robinette Kelley, Director, Office of EqualOpportunity, Title IX/ADA Coordinator, and Affirmative Action Officer, 3350 Beardshear Hall, Ames Iowa50011, Tel. 515-294-7612, email: eooffice@iastate.edu.ii

PREFACEThe Foreign Animal Disease Preparedness and Response Plan (FAD PReP)/National Animal HealthEmergency Management System (NAHEMS) Guidelines provide the foundation for a coordinated national,regional, State, and local response in an emergency, complementing non-Federal preparedness activities.These guidelines may be integrated into preparedness plans of other Federal agencies, State and localagencies, Tribal Nations, and additional groups involved in animal health emergency management.The Wildlife Guidelines are a component of APHIS’ FAD PReP/NAHEMS Guideline Series, and aredesigned for use by APHIS Veterinary Services (VS), and other official response personnel in the event of ananimal health emergency in domestic livestock, such as the natural occurrence or intention introduction of ahighly contagious foreign animal disease in the United States.The FAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines are designed for use as a preparedness resource rather than acomprehensive response document. These Guidelines: Wildlife Management and Vector Control for anFAD Response in Domestic Livestock are for information only; personnel with the appropriate skills andexperience will be required to conduct operational activities.iii

APHIS DOCUMENTSThis FAD PReP NAHEMS Guidelines: Wildlife Management and Vector Control for a Foreign AnimalDisease Response in Domestic Livestock references other APHIS documents including the following. Thesedocuments are available at http://www.aphis.usda.gov/fadprep. FAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Biosecurity Cleaning and Disinfection Disposal Health & Safety Mass Depopulation and Euthanasia Surveillance, Epidemiology, and Tracing Quarantine and Movement Control VS Guidance Document 12001: Procedures for the Investigation of Potential Foreign AnimalDisease/Emerging Disease Incidents (FAD/EDI) VS Memorandum 573.1: Animal Health Response Policy In Relation To Wildlifeiv

1. Introduction . 11.1 Purpose, Scope, and Audience . 11.2 APHIS-Wide Wildlife Management Activities. 21.3 Foreign Animal Disease Preparedness and Response Plan (FAD PReP) . 32. Definitions . 33. USDA APHIS Authorities for Responding to an FAD Outbreak inDomestic Livestock . 43.1 Introduction . 43.2 Foreign Animal Diseases, Emerging Diseases, and Wildlife . 43.3 Animal Health Protection Act . 43.4 Code of Federal Regulations. 53.5 Policy Guidance for Veterinary Services . 53.5.1 VS Memorandum 573.1 . 54. Relevance of Wildlife in an FAD Outbreak in Domestic Livestock or Poultry. 64.1 Epidemiological Considerations . 64.2 Ecological Factors Influencing Role of Wildlife in an FAD Outbreak . 94.3 International Trade Implications . 105. Roles and Responsibilities in an FAD Outbreak .115.1 Incident Command System (ICS)/National Incident Management System. 115.1.1 Personnel in the Wildlife Cell and Vector Control Group . 115.1.2 Example Objectives of the Wildlife Cell and Vector Control Groupin Incident Command . 115.2 Role of APHIS Wildlife Services. 125.3 Role of Livestock Owners and Producers . 126. Wildlife Management in an FAD Outbreak in Domestic Livestock .136.1. Assessment of Wildlife Involvement . 136.1.1 Zone, Area, and Premises Designations . 136.1.2 Wildlife Population Data . 156.2 Disease Surveillance in a Wildlife Population . 176.2.1 Surveillance Plan . 186.2.2 Diagnostic Sample Collection and Processing. 186.2.3 Handling and Restraint of Wildlife . 196.2.4 Personnel Safety. 206.3 Wild Animal Containment and Control . 216.3.1 Methods for Manipulating Wildlife Populations . 216.3.2 Methods for Manipulating Wildlife Habitats . 226.3.3 Education and Training . 236.4 Demonstrating Disease Freedom . 247. Developing a Wildlife Management Plan .247.1 General Considerations for Developing a Wildlife Management Plan . 247.1.1 Short-term and Long-term Objectives . 247.1.2 Factors to Consider . 247.1.3 Personnel . 257.1.4 Equipment . 267.1.5 Information Management and Reporting. 26v

8. Vector Control in an FAD Outbreak in Domestic Livestock .268.1 Authority for Vector Control . 278.2 Methods of Vector Control . 278.2.1 Habitat Reduction . 278.2.2 Minimizing Contact. 288.2.3 Chemical Control . 288.2.4 Biological Control . 288.3 Arthropod Vectors of Foreign Animal Diseases . 288.3.1 Biting Midges . 288.3.2 Mosquitoes. 288.3.3 Ticks . 298.3.4 Flies . 298.4 Additional Information on Vector Control. 299. Other Response Activities .319.1 Quarantine and Movement Control . 329.2 Health, Safety, and PPE . 329.3 Biosecurity . 329.4 Euthanasia/Depopulation . 339.5 Cleaning and Disinfection. 339.6 Communication . 3310. References .3411. For More Information .3712. Acknowledgments .3913. Photo and Illustration Credits .41Glossary .42Acronyms .45Appendix A: The Imperative for Foreign Animal Disease Preparednessand Response .46Appendix B: Sample Incident Command Diagram for Animal HealthEmergencies .49Appendix C: Assessing Wildlife Involvement in an FAD Outbreakof Domestic Livestock .50Appendix D: State Wildlife Agencies Reference Guide .51vi

1. INTRODUCTIONIn order to effectively control, contain, and eradicate a foreign animaldisease (FAD) in domestic livestock, the response effort mustconsider the role that wildlife may play in disease transmission. Wildanimals may become exposed to the FAD, serve as a reservoir, orspread the disease to naïve domestic livestock, which may complicateemergency response to the FAD. In the event that wildlife play a rolein an FAD outbreak, the Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service(APHIS), will cooperate with Federal, State, and Tribal agencies thathave primary jurisdiction over wildlife. For some diseases, theinvolvement of wildlife in an FAD outbreak may serve as anadditional challenge in demonstrating freedom from the disease forpurposes of international trade.These FAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Wildlife Management andVector Control for a Foreign Animal Disease Response in Domestic Livestock (2014) provide information onthe intersection of wildlife and domestic livestock or poultry, specifically during an FAD incident response.This document offers information on APHIS authorities, and the potential significance of wildlife in an FADoutbreak, in terms of epidemiology and international trade. Additionally, it provides general information onthe roles and responsibilities of responders within Incident Command during an FAD outbreak in domesticlivestock or poultry.1.1 Purpose, Scope, and AudienceAPHIS is authorized by statutory and regulatory authorities (see Section 3) to respond to FADs and othercommunicable diseases of livestock and poultry; Veterinary Services (VS) would lead the response effort foran FAD incident occurring in domestic livestock. An FAD response will be conducted through a UnifiedIncident Command, which will include Federal, State, tribal, local, and other responders. This documentfocuses on the critical activity of wildlife management and vector control in the context of an FAD incidentin domestic livestock.The information in this document is guidance only, and does not provide prescriptive procedures. Whenplanning operations involving wildlife species, it is critical that Incident Command consult with personshaving appropriate knowledge and expertise; such individuals should be integrated into the IncidentCommand structure as required by the specific disease incident. APHIS will work closely with State andFederal agencies and entities with jurisdiction over wildlife in any FAD incident. (Please see Appendix D fora listing of State agencies with jurisdiction over wildlife).The information provided within this document is only intended to provide responders, at all levels, with acommon general understanding of how wildlife management and vector control would be conducted in anFAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Wildlife Management and Vector Control (2014)1