Organizational Behavior - ResearchGate

Organizational BehaviorShekhar Kapoor*, Trilok Kumar Jain**IntroductionAn organization is a social entity that has acollective goal and is linked to an externalenvironment. If a person wishes to work in anorganization or to manage it, it is necessaryto understand how it operates. Anorganizationcombinesscienceandtechnology, people and humanity. Unless wehave qualified people to design andimplement, techniques alone will notproduce desirable results. So the role ofhuman resource is of great importance toperform the work effectively and efficiently.Organizations can be of various kindsgovernmentornon-governmentalorganizations, international ,universities and many more. The study ofOrganizationalbehaviorintheseorganizations is very interesting andchallenging too. It is related to individuals orgroup of people working together in teams.The study becomes more challenging whensituational factors interact. The study oforganizational behavior relates to theexpected behavior of an individual in theorganization.Concept of Organizational BehaviorOrganizational behavior is a field of studythat investigates the impact that individuals,groups and structures have on behavior*within an organization for the purpose ofapplying such knowledge towards improvingan organization's effectiveness. It is a humantool for human benefit. It applies broadly tothe behavior of people in all types oforganizations, such as business, government,schools and services organizations. It coversthree determinants of behavior inorganizations: individuals, groups, andstructure. OB is an applied field. It applies theknowledge gained about individuals, and theeffect of structure on behavior, in order tomake organizations work more efficiently andeffectively. OB covers the core topics ofmotivation, leadership behavior and power,interpersonalcommunication,groupstructure and process, learning, attitudedevelopment and perception, changeprocess, conflict, job design and work stress.Organizational Components that needto be ControlledPeoplePeople are the main component of anyorganization that has to be managed. Everyindividual has a personal goal to be achieved.Organizations must identify the needspectrum of individuals and take suitablesteps for its fulfillment to enable them toperform effectively so that they completetheir allotted task in time.Principal, Malviya College for Girls, Jaipur.Research Supervisor & Dean, ISBM, Director Distance Education, Principal, Academic Staff College, SureshGyan Vihar University, Jaipur.Correspondence to: Mr. Shekhar Kapoor, Principal, Malviya College for Girls, Jaipur.E-mail Id: sk@gmail.com** ADR Journals 2016. All Rights Reserved.

J. Adv. Res. HR Organ. Mqmt. 2016; 3(4)Relationship between the workers, withsubordinates and superiors should beestablished based on full understanding andcomplete faith based on mutual trust so thatit is easy to communicate and understandeach other views.StructureStructure defines the official relationships ofpeople in organizations. Different jobs arerequired to accomplish all of anorganization’s activities. There are managersand employees, accountants and assemblers.These people have to be related in somestructural way so that their work can beeffective. There are two types oforganizations, formal and informal. Informalorganizations do not have a specifiedstructure. Formal organizations are basedupon the objective set for it. Organizationalstructure in such organization is hierarchicalin nature, wherein the superior at each levelhas an authority over his subordinates andthe subordinate has to fulfill theresponsibility of the task allotted to him andreport back to the rtransforming inputs and outputs. Technologyprovides the physical and economicresources with which people work. Selectionof technology, procurement, installation,operation and maintenance is important andno compromise should be made in procuringlatest or advanced technology. Based on thetechnology, an organization should formulatejob structure and resultant procurement ofhuman resource so that they arecomplimentary to each other. The greatbenefit of technology is that it allows peopleto do more and better work, but it also47Kapoor S et al.restricts people in various ways. It has costsas well as benefits associated with it.JobJob is an assignment assigned to anindividual. It encompasses various taskswithin it. For example, a personnel managerwants to fill up twelve vacancies inproduction department within three months.Job will have various tasks inbuilt in it likedesigning of job specification, selection ofmedia, advertising vacancies, scheduling ofselection and recruiting. Managers have tomanage various tasks to accomplish aparticular job. Adequate e delegation,supervision, application of various controltechniques makes the job simpler for themanager.ProcessesA process is a series of action that produce adesired result. Management of processes andits inter-dependence is very crucial to highproductivity and higher job satisfaction. ,manager must develop and build anorganizational culture that will bindemployees to a common cultural bond.During day-to-day functions, managers mustbe transparent and maintain a high degree ofvalue system and display ethical behavior.EnvironmentAll organizations operate within an externalenvironment. A single organization does notexist alone. It is part of a larger system thatcontains thousand of other elements. Allthese mutually influence each other in acomplex system that becomes the lifestyle ofthe people. It influences the attitudes ofpeople, affects working conditions, andprovides competition for resources andpower. It is therefore important to evaluateISSN: 2454-3268

Kapoor S et al.marketsituation,competitors,andavailability of raw material, technology,availability of skilled, semi skilled and nonskilled personnel. In addition, evaluateprevailing culture and how individuals arelikely to respond to the call of theorganization. Some factors like governmentrules, and political stability keep changing,the organizations must also cater for suchcontingencies.ConclusionStudy of organizational behavior is verychallenging and interesting. It is the field ofstudy that investigates the impact onindividuals, groups and organizationalstructure have on individual behavior so thatthe knowledge so achieved can be suitablymodified and applied for organizationaleffectiveness. It is the art on the part ofmanager to understand, describe, forecastand modify individual behavior. Variousmodels and research instruments areavailable to investigate human behavior.Various fields like psychology, socialpsychology, anthropology, sociology, politics,economics, and medical sciences havecontributed to the field of organizationbehavior. The study of organizationalbehavior relates to the study of attitude,perception, learning, values at individuallevel. The study is undertaken pertaining tomanaging stress, conflicts, intergroupbehavior, decision making at group level. It isthe responsibility of the managers to evolveappropriate strategies to study organizationalcomponents. The first component is people.The study of organizational behavior involvesidentifying need spectrum of the ding of individual objectives andco-relatingorganizationalstrategiesISSN: 2454-3268J. Adv. Res. HR Organ. Mqmt. 2016; 3(4)accordingly. The other component is tounderstand the organizational structure andits modification based on the need of thehour.Communication,delegationofauthority, well defined policies, rules,regulation,systems,proceduresandprocesses. Introduction of latest technologyis an essential part of organizationaldevelopment that should be taken care of bythe manager responsible for running theorganization. Jobs should be allotted to theindividual based on the aptitude and theprocesses must be compatible with thetechnology being used. Both internal andexternalenvironmentareimportantcomponents. . While internal environmentrelates to various personnel policies andcorresponding managerial actions, theexternal environment relates to cultural,social, legal, and governmental rules andregulations that should be taken care of.Keeping all the components of organizationalbehavior in mind, all the managers andemployees of an organization must work witha proper authority-responsibility relationshipalong with an effective decision making andsupervision so that ultimately organizationalgoals and objectives are satisfied.References[1].[2].[3].Aaron, Cohen. (2007). An Examination ofRelationship between Commitment andCulture Among Cultural groups of IsraeliTeachers, Journal of Cross-CulturalPsychology, Vol.38.Agarwal Manisha & Tripathi : R.C. (1997),Communicating Psychological Contractsthrough Human Resource Practicses.Alexander, Elmore R., Helms, Marilyn M.& Wilkins, Ronnie D., (1989) (MemphisState U, TN)-The relationship betweensupervisorycommunicationandsubordinate performance and satisfaction48

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