NASA SPACEFLIGHT HUMAN-SYSTEM STANDARD VOLUME 2:

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METRIC/SI (ENGLISH)NASA TECHNICAL STANDARDNASA-STD-3001,VOLUME 2, REVISION BNational Aeronautics and Space AdministrationApproved: 2019-09-09Superseding NASA-STD-3001,Volume 2, Revision ANASA SPACEFLIGHT HUMAN-SYSTEM STANDARDVOLUME 2: HUMAN FACTORS, HABITABILITY, ANDENVIRONMENTAL HEALTHAPPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE – DISTRIBUTION IS UNLIMITED

NASA-STD-3001, VOLUME 2, REVISION BDOCUMENT HISTORY val DateDescription2011-01-10Initial ReleaseRevision of lunar dust standard, section6.4.4.2Editorial changes throughout document withaddition of the following sections/standards:3.5/[V2 3006], 5.2.4/[V2 5008], 6.3.1.3/[V26105], 6.6.1.14/[V2 6106], 7.3.2.5/[V27085], 8.7.4/[V2 8059], 8.7.5/[V2 8060],11.1.3.2/[V2 11028], 11.2.3.1/[V2 11029],11.2.3.2/[V2 11030], 11.2.5.1/[V2 11031],11.3/[V2 11032], 11.4/[V2 11033],11.5/[V2 11034], 11.6/[V2 11035],11.7/[V2 11036], 11.8/[V2 11037],11.9/[V2 11038], 11.10/[V2 11039], and allof new Section 12, Ground AssemblyDesign and Emergency Egress OperationsAssembly Design, replacing Section 13,Ground Maintenance and 9-09-09Deletion of the followingsections/standards:3.1/[V2 3001], 3.2/[V2 3002], 3.3/[V23003], 3.4/[V2 3004], 3.5/[V2 3005],4.8.3/[V2 4014], 6.2.1.4/[V2 6005],6.2.5.2/[V2 6018], 6.3.1.3/[V2 6028],6.6.1.1/[V2 6071], 6.6.1.2/[V2 6072],6.6.2.14/[V2 6086], 7.9.3/[V2 7072],7.10.5/[V2 7078], 8.1.4/[V2 8004],8.6.1.2/[V2 8044], 8.6.1.5/[V2 8047],8.6.1.6/[V2 8048], 8.7.4/[V2 8054],10.2.1.1/[V2 10029], 10.3.2.4/[V2 10041],10.3.4.1.1/[V2 10051], 10.5.3.8/[V2 10092],11.1.2.3/[V2 11004], 11.1.3.3/[V2 11008],11.2.3.1/[V2 11026] and Section 12,Operations (Reserved).The following sections/standards werematerially changed either in the text of thisAPPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE – DISTRIBUTION IS UNLIMITED2 of 296

NASA-STD-3001, VOLUME 2, REVISION BDOCUMENT HISTORY LOG mberApproval DateDescription2019-09-09Continued:NASA Technical Standard and/or in therationale: 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 4.2.2/[V24006], 4.4/[V2 4008], 5.1.1/[V2 5001],5.1.2/[V2 5002], 5.1.3/[V2 5003], 5.2.1/[V25005], 5.2.2/[V2 5006], 5.2.3/[V2 5007],6.2.1.2/[V2 6003], 6.2.1.3/[V2 6004],6.2.2.1/[V2 6006], 6.2.2.2/[V2 6007],6.2.2.3/[V2 6008], 6.2.3.2/[V2 6011],6.2.4.1/[V2 6012], 6.2.4.3/[V2 6014],6.2.5.1/[V2 6017], 6.2.6.1/[V2 6020],6.2.6.2/[V2 6021], 6.2.7.1/[V2 6022],6.3.1.1/[V2 6026], 6.3.2.7/[V2 6035],6.4.4.1/[V2 6052], 6.4.5.3/[V2 6056],6.4.5.4/[V2 6057], 6.4.8/[V2 6063],6.5.1/[V2 6064] (Figures 4 and 5),6.5.2.2/[V2 6066], 6.5.2.3/[V2 6067],10.6.1.9/[V2 10108], 11.1.2.1/[V2 11006],11.1.2.2/[V2 11007], 11.1.3.3/[V2 11014],11.1.6/[V2 11023], 11.2.1.1/[V2 11024],11.2.2.1/[V2 11025], 11.2.4.1/[V2 11027].APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE – DISTRIBUTION IS UNLIMITED3 of 296

NASA-STD-3001, VOLUME 2, REVISION BFOREWORDThis NASA Technical Standard is published by the National Aeronautics and SpaceAdministration (NASA) to provide uniform engineering and technical requirements forprocesses, procedures, practices, and methods that have been endorsed as standard for NASAprograms and projects, including requirements for selection, application, and design criteria of anitem. This NASA Technical Standard provides uniform technical requirements for the design,selection, and application of hardware, software, processes, procedures, practices, and methodsfor human-rated systems.This NASA Technical Standard is approved for use by NASA Headquarters and NASA Centersand Facilities, and applicable technical requirements may be cited in contract, program, and otherAgency documents. It may also apply to the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (a Federally FundedResearch and Development Center (FFRDC)), other contractors, recipients of grants andcooperative agreements, and parties to other agreements only to the extent specified orreferenced in applicable contracts, grants, or agreements.This NASA Technical Standard establishes Agency-wide requirements that minimize health andperformance risks for flight crew in human spaceflight programs. This NASA TechnicalStandard applies to space vehicles, habitats, facilities, payloads, and related equipment withwhich the crew interfaces during spaceflight and lunar and planetary, e.g., Mars, habitation.Requests for information should be submitted via “Feedback” at https://standards.nasa.gov.Requests for changes to this NASA Technical Standard should be submitted via MSFC Form4657, Change Request for a NASA Engineering Standard.Original signed by.J. D. Polk, DO, MS, MMM, CPE, FACOEP, FAsMANASA Chief Health and Medical OfficerNASA Headquarters09/05/2019 .Approval DateAPPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE – DISTRIBUTION IS UNLIMITED4 of 296

NASA-STD-3001, VOLUME 2, REVISION BConcurrences:Original signed byTerrence W. WilcuttNASA Chief of Safety and Mission Assurance.09/06/2019 .Concurrence DateOriginal signed byRalph R. Roe, Jr.Concurrence DateNASA Chief Engineer.09/06/2019.APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE – DISTRIBUTION IS UNLIMITED5 of 296

NASA-STD-3001, VOLUME 2, REVISION BTABLE OF CONTENTSSECTIONPAGEDOCUMENT HISTORY LOG .FOREWORD .TABLE OF CONTENTS .LIST OF APPENDICES .LIST OF FIGURES.LIST OF TABLES.24699101.1.11.21.31.4SCOPE .Purpose .Applicability.Tailoring .Authority .11111213132.2.12.22.32.4APPLICABLE DOCUMENTS .General .Government Documents .Non-Government Documents .Order of Precedence.13131414163.3.13.2PROGRAM IMPLEMENTATION STANDARDS .Applicability of this NASA Technical Standard .Systems Engineering Processes and Requirements .1616174.4.14.24.34.44.54.64.74.84.9PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND CAPABILITIES.Physical Data Sets .Body Lengths .Range of Motion Data.Reach Data .Body Surface Area Data .Body Volume Data .Body Mass Data .Strength .Aerobic Capacity .181819202021212122235.5.15.2PERCEPTION AND COGNITION .Perceptual and Cognitive Characteristics and Capabilities .Integrated Human Performance Capabilities .232325APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE – DISTRIBUTION IS UNLIMITED6 of 296

NASA-STD-3001, VOLUME 2, REVISION BTABLE OF CONTENTS TURAL AND INDUCED ENVIRONMENTS .Trend Analysis of Environmental Data .Internal Atmosphere .Water .Contamination .Acceleration .Acoustics .Vibration .Radiation 107.117.12HABITABILITY FUNCTIONS .Food and Nutrition .Personal Hygiene .Body Waste Management .Physiological Contermeasures .Medical .Stowage .Inventory Management System .Trash Management System .Sleep.Clothing .Housekeeping.Recreational Capabilities ARCHITECTURE .Volume.Configuration .Translation Paths.Hatches and Doorways .Restraints and Mobility Aids .Windows ARE AND EQUIPMENT .Standardization .Training Minimization .Hazard Minimization .118118119119APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE – DISTRIBUTION IS UNLIMITED7 of 296

NASA-STD-3001, VOLUME 2, REVISION BTABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued)SECTIONPAGE9.49.59.69.79.8Durability .Assembly and Disassembly .Cable Management .Design for Maintainability .Protective and Emergency Equipment W INTERFACES .General .Layout of Displays and Controls .Displays .Controls .Communiation Systems .Automated and Robotic Systems.Information Management .611.711.811.911.10SPACESUITS .Suit Design and Operations .Suited Functions .LEA Suited Decompression Sickness Prevention Capability .Suited Atmospheric Control .Suited Atmospheric Data Recording .Suited Atmospheric Data Displaying .Suited Atmospheric Monitoring and Alerting .Suited Metabolic Rate Measurement.Suited Metabolic Rate Display .Nominal EVA Spacesuit Carbon Dioxide Levels .17217317918118218218218218318318312.GROUND ASSEMBLY DESIGN AND EMERGENCY EGRESSOPERATIONS ASSEMBLY DESIGN .Ground Assembly Design.Emergency Egress Operations .18418419612.112.2APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE – DISTRIBUTION IS UNLIMITED8 of 296

NASA-STD-3001, VOLUME 2, REVISION BTABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued)LIST OF APPENDICESAPPENDIXABCDEPAGEReference Documents .Acronyms, Abbreviations, and Symbols.Definitions.Requirements Compliance Matrix .Spacesuit System Applicability Matrix.199206211224279LIST OF FIGURESFIGURE12345678910PAGEApplicability, Tailoring, and Verification of Requirements for Programs .Environmental Comfort Zone . Gx Sustained Translational Acceleration Limits.-Gx Sustained Translational Acceleration Limits.Ascent and Ascent Aborts Gz Sustained Translational Acceleration Limits .Return to Earth Gz Sustained Translational Acceleration Limits . Gy Sustained Translational Acceleration Limits .Rotational Velocity Limits .NC Curves .RF Electromagnetic Field Exposure Limits .APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE – DISTRIBUTION IS UNLIMITED9 of 29617345051525354556374

NASA-STD-3001, VOLUME 2, REVISION BTABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued)LIST OF GEInspired Oxygen Partial Pressure Exposure Ranges .Average Relative Humidity Exposure Limits for Post-Landing Operations .Potable Water Microbiological Limits .Acceptable Injury Risk Due to Dynamic Loads .Acoustic Limits for Launch, Entry, and Abort Phases .Acoustic Limits for On-Orbit Phase* .Octave Band SPL Limits for Continuous Noise, dB re 20 µPa .Intermittent Noise A-Weighted SPL and Corresponding Operational DurationLimits for any 24-Hour Period (measured at 0.6-m distance from the source) .Frequency-Weighted Vibration Limits by Exposure Time during DynamicPhases of Flight .Maximum Permissible Exposure (MPE) to RF Electromagnetic Fields(modified from IEEE C95.1, lower tier) .EER Equations .Macronutrient Guidelines for Spaceflight.Micronutrient Guidelines for Spaceflight .Food Microorganism Levels .Medical Care Capabilities .Corners and Edges .Loose Equipment Corners and Edges .Leakage Currents – Equipment Designed for Human Contact .Maximum System Response Time(s) .Visual Display Parameters .Visual Display Character Parameters .Average Relative Humidity Exposure Limits for Suited Operations .EVA Spacesuit Inspired Partial Pressure of CO2 (PICO2) Limits†.APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE – DISTRIBUTION IS UNLIMITED10 of 2181184

NASA-STD-3001, VOLUME 2, REVISION BNASA SPACE FLIGHT HUMAN-SYSTEM STANDARDVOLUME 2: HUMAN FACTORS, HABITABILITY, ANDENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH1.SCOPEThe scope of this NASA Technical Standard is restricted to human spaceflight missions andincludes activities affecting crew in all phases of the life cycle (design, development, test,operations, maintenance), both inside and outside the spacecraft in space and on lunar andplanetary surfaces.1.1PurposeThe purpose of this NASA Technical Standard is to provide uniform technical requirements forthe design, selection, and application of hardware, software, processes, procedures, practices, andmethods for human-rated systems.NASA-STD-3001, Space Flight Human-System Standard, is a two-volume set of NationalAeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Agency-level standards established by the Officeof the Chief Health and Medical Officer, directed at minimizing health and performance risks forflight crews in human spaceflight programs. Volume 1 of NASA-STD-3001, Crew Health, setsstandards for fitness for duty, spaceflight permissible exposure limits, permissible outcomelimits, levels of medical care, medical diagnosis, intervention, treatment and care, andcountermeasures. Volume 2 of NASA-STD-3001, Human Factors, Habitability, andEnvironmental Health, focuses on human physical and cognitive capabilities and limitations anddefines standards for spacecraft (including orbiters, habitats, and suits), internal environments,ground processing, facilities, payloads, and related equipment, hardware, and software systemswith which the crew interfaces during space operations.Volume 1 of NASA-STD-3001 considers human physiologic parameters as a system, much asone views the engineering and design of a mechanical device. Doing so allows the humansystem to be viewed as an integral part of the overall vehicle design process, as well as themission reference design, treating the human-system as one system along with the many othersystems that work in concert to allow the nominal operation of a vehicle and successfulcompletion of a mission. In Volume 2, the focus turns to human-system integration where thecontext is about how the human crew interacts with other systems, including the habitat and theenvironment. The focus is on performance issues during a mission—whether the human and thesystem can function together (within the environment and habitat) and accomplish the tasksnecessary for mission success.Volume 2 of NASA-STD-3001 is applicable to all human space systems. Developers of a systemare to write design requirements tailored for their system that will ensure the end product meetsthe requirements of Volume 2. A supplementary NASA document, NASA/SP-2010-3407,APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE – DISTRIBUTION IS UNLIMITED11 of 296

NASA-STD-3001, VOLUME 2, REVISION BHuman Integration Design Handbook (HIDH), can help with the preparation of the systemspecific design requirements. The HIDH is a compendium of human spaceflight history andknowledge. It is organized in the same sequence as NASA-STD-3001, Volume 2, and providesuseful background information and research findings. While the HIDH is not a NASA TechnicalStandard or a requirement, it should be a resource to understand the background associated withthe standards to prepare the program- or project-specific requirements. The HIDH can be usednot only in the preparation of requirements but also as a useful tool for designers. Acomplimentary reference document to the HIDH is NASA/TP-2014-218556, Human IntegrationDesign Processes (HIDP). The HIDP describes the “how-to” processes, including methodologiesand best practices that NASA has used during the development of crewed space systems andoperations.This NASA Technical Standard addresses the equipment and operational interfaces for bothflight crew and ground personnel. System requirements fall into one of two categories: Requirements for the design of systems that directly interface with the flight crew (andonly the flight crew) during a mission are in sections 3 through 11. These requirementsinclude such topics as environmental support systems, architecture, controls and displays,and operations. Requirements for the design of systems that the ground personnel access, assemble, test,and process are addressed in section 12. Section 12 ensures that ground personnelcapabilities are accommodated during ground processing and that the flight hardware willnot be damaged by ground processing. Requirements for these systems consider theunique characteristics, capabilities, and needs of both the flight and ground supportpersonnel.This NASA Technical Standard contains fundamental, NASA-sanctioned information necessaryfor building and verifying human-rated spacecraft and is to be used for the development of lowerlevel, program-specific requirements.1.2ApplicabilityThis NASA Technical Standard is applicable to programs and projects that are required to obtaina human-rating certification. NPR 8705.2, Human-Rating Requirements for Space Systems,defines the requirements for space systems. The intent of this NASA Technical Standard is to beformally documented in program/project requirements and verification documentation.This NASA Technical Standard is approved for use by NASA Headquarters and NASA Centersand Facilities, and applicable technical requirements may be cited in contract, program, and otherAgency documents. It may also apply to the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (a Federally FundedResearch and Development Center (FFRDC)), other contractors, recipients of grants andcooperative agreements, and parties to other agreements only to the extent specified orreferenced in applicable contracts, grants, or agreements.APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE – DISTRIBUTION IS UNLIMITED12 of 296

NASA-STD-3001, VOLUME 2, REVISION BThis NASA Technical Standard applies to all internationally provided space systems only ifrequired and documented in distinct separate agreements such as joint or multilateral agreements.The NASA Technical Authorities—Health and Medical Technical Authority (HMTA), ChiefEngineer, and Chief, Safety and Mission Assurance—assess NASA programs and projects forcompliance with NASA-STD-3001. If the program or project does not meet the provisions ofthis NASA Technical Standard, then the associated risk to the health, safety, and performance ofthe crew is evaluated by the Technical Authorities.Verifiable requirement statements are designated by the acronym “V2” (Volume 2), numbered, andindicated by the word “shall”. Explanatory or guidance text is indicated in italics beginning insection 3. To facilitate requirements selection and verification by NASA programs and projects, aRequirements Compliance Matrix is provided in Appendix D.1.3TailoringAs per NPR 7120.5, tailoring is the process used to adjust or seek relief from a prescribedrequirement to accommodate the needs of a specific task or activity (e.g., program or project).The tailoring process results in the generation of deviations and waivers depending on the timingof the request. The tailoring of the requirements from this NASA Technical Standard forapplication to a specific program or project shall be formally documented as part of program orproject requirements and formal approval obtained by the delegated Technical Authority inaccordance with NPR 7120.5, NASA Space Flight Program and Project ManagementRequirements.1.4AuthorityNASA policy for establishing standards to provide health, performance, and medical programsfor crewmembers during all phases of spaceflight and to protect the health, performance, andsafety of the crew is authorized by NPD 1000.3, The NASA Organization, and NPD 8900.5,NASA Health and Medical Policy for Human Space Exploration.2.APPLICABLE DOCUMENTS2.1GeneralThe documents listed in this section contain provisions that constitute requirements of thisNASA Technical Standard as cited in the text.2.1.1The latest issuances of cited documents apply unless specific versions are designated.2.1.2 Non-use of a specifically designated version is approved by the delegated TechnicalAuthority.APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE – DISTRIBUTION IS UNLIMITED13 of 296

NASA-STD-3001, VOLUME 2, REVISION BThe applicable documents may be accessed at https://standards.nasa.gov or obtained directlyfrom the Standards Developing Body or other document distributors. When not available fromthese sources, information for obtaining the document is provided.2.2Government DocumentsNASANPR 7120.5,most currentrevisionNASA Space Flight Program and Project ManagementRequirementsNPR 8705.2Human-Rating Requirements for Space SystemsNASA-STD-3001 NASA Space Flight Human-System Standard, Volume 1: CrewHealth2.3NASA/TM-2013217380, Revision1Application of the Brinkley Dynamic Response Criterion toSpacecraft Transient Dynamic EventsJPR-1800.5Biosafety Review Board Operations and Requirements DocumentJPR-1880.4Requirements and Limitations for Exposure to ReducedAtmospheric PressureJSC-16888Microbiology Operations Plan for SpaceflightJSC-20584Spacecraft Maximum Allowable Concentrations for AirborneContaminantsJSC-26895Guidelines for Assessing the Toxic Hazard of SpacecraftChemicals and Test MaterialsJSC-3312441-Node Transient Metabolic M

J. D. Polk, DO, MS, MMM, CPE, FACOEP, FAsMA Approval Date NASA Chief Health and Medical Officer NASA Headquarters . NASA-STD-3001, VOLUME 2, REVISION B APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE – DISTRIBUTION IS UNLIMITED 5 of 296 Co

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