Mean Value Theorems - GATE Study Material In PDF

2y ago
45 Views
2 Downloads
375.71 KB
7 Pages
Last View : 2d ago
Last Download : 2m ago
Upload by : Duke Fulford
Transcription

Mean Value Theorems - GATE StudyMaterial in PDFThe Mean Value Theorems are some of the most important theoretical tools in Calculusand they are classified into various types. In these free GATE Study Notes, we will learnabout the important Mean Value Theorems like Rolle’s Theorem, Lagrange’s Mean ValueTheorem, Cauchy’s Mean Value Theorem and Taylor’s Theorem.This GATE study material can be downloaded as PDF so that your GATE preparation ismade easy and you can ace your exam. These study notes are important for GATE EC,GATE EE, GATE ME, GATE CE and GATE CS. They are also important for IES, BARC,BSNL, DRDO and the rest.Before you get started though, go through some of the other Engineering Mathematicsarticles in the reading list.Recommended Reading –Types of MatricesProperties of MatricesRank of a Matrix & Its PropertiesSolution of a System of Linear EquationsEigen Values & Eigen VectorsLinear Algebra Revision Test 1Laplace TransformsLimits, Continuity & DifferentiabilityRolle’s TheoremStatement: If a real valued function f(x) is1. Continuous on [a,b]2. Derivable on (a,b) and f(a) f(b)1 Page

Then there exists at least one value of x say c ϵ (a,b) such that f’(c) 0.Note:1. Geometrically, Rolle’s Theorem gives the tangent is parallel to x-axis.2. For a continuous curve maxima and minima exists alternatively.3. Geometrically y’’ gives concaveness i.e.i. y’’ 0 Concave downwards and indicates maxima.ii. y’’ 0 Concave upwards and indicates minima.To know the maxima and minima of the function of single variable Rolle’s Theorem isuseful.5. y’’ 0 at the point is called point of inflection where the tangent cross the curve is 4.called point of inflection and6. Rolle’s Theorem is fundamental theorem for all Different Mean Value Theorems.Example 1:2 Page

The function is given as f(x) (x–1)2(x–2)3 and x ϵ [1,2]. By Rolle’s Theorem find thevalue of c is -Solution:f(x) (x–1)2(x–2)3f(x) is continuous on [1,2] i.e. f(x) finite on [1,2]f'(x) 2(x–1)(x–2)3 3(x–1)2(x–2)2f'(x)is finite in (1,2) hence differentiable then c (1,2) f'(c) 02(c–1)(c–2)3 3(c–1)2(c–2)2 0(c-1)(c-2)2[2c – 4 3c – 3] 0(c–1)(c–2)2[5c–7] 07 c 5 1.4 (1,2)Lagrange’s Mean Value TheoremStatement: If a Real valued function f(x) is1. Continuous on [a,b]2. Derivable on (a,b)Then there exists at least one value c ϵ (a, b) such that f ′ (c) Note:Geometrically, slope of chord AB slope of tangent3 Pagef(b) f(a)b a

Application:1. To know the approximation of algebraic equation, trigonometric equations etc.2. To know whether the function is increasing (or) decreasing in the given interval.Example 2:Find the value of c is by using Lagrange’s Mean Value Theorem of the function1f(x) x(x 1)(x 2) x ϵ [0, 2].Solution:f(x) is continuous in [0, 1/2] and it is differentiable in (0, 1/2)f'(x) (x2 – x)[1] (x – 2)(2x – 1) x2 – x 2x2 – x – 4x 2 3x2 – 6x 2From Lagrange’s Mean Value Theorem we have,f′ (c)2 3c 6c 2 12c2 – 24c 8 – 3 012c2 – 24c 5 0 c 24 576 2404 Page2412f( ) f(0)123 4

c 1 216 c 1 1 21ϵ (0, 2)6Cauchy’s Mean Value TheoremStatement: If two functions f(x) and g(x) are1. Continuous on [a,b]2. Differentiable on (a,b) and g’(x) 0 then there exists at least one value of x such thatc (a,b)f′ (c)g′ (c)f(b) f(a) g(b) g(a)Generally, Lagrange’s mean value theorem is the particular case of Cauchy’s mean valuetheorem.Example 3:If f(x) ex and g(x) e-x, xϵ[a,b]. Then by the Cauchy’s Mean Value Theorem the valueof c isSolution:Here both f(x) ex and g(x) e-x are continuous on [a,b] and differentiable in (a,b)From Cauchy’s Mean Value theorem,f′ (c)g′ (c)ec e cf(b) f(a) g(b) g(a)eb ea e b e ae2c ea b c a b2Therefore, c is the arithmetic mean of a and b.Taylor’s Theorem5 Page

It is also called as higher order mean value theorem.Statement: If fn(x) is1. Continuous on [a, a x] where x b – a2. Derivable on (a, a x)Then there exists at least one number θ (0,1) (1-θ 0) such thatf(a h) f(a) hf ′ (a) h2 ′′hn 1(a) (n 1)! f n 1 (a)f2!Where R n Lagrange′ s form of remainder R n (1)hn nf (an! θh)hnAlso Cauchy’s form of remainder R n (n 1)! (1 θ)n 1 f n (a θh)Note:Substituting a 0 and h x in equation (1) (Taylor’s series equation) we getx2x3xn 1f(x) f(0) xf ′ (0) 2! f ′′ (0) 3! f ′′′ (0) (n 1)! f n 1 (0) R nThis is known as Maclaurin’s series.Here R n xn nf (θx)n!is called Lagrange’s form of remainder.xnR n (n 1)! (1 θ)n 1 f n (θx) is called Cauchy’s form of remainderExample 4:Find the Maclaurin’s Series expansion of exSolution:Let, f(x) exf'(x) ex , f''(x) f'''(x) fx(x) exBy Maclaurin’s Series expansion,6 Page

x2xnf(x) f(0) xf ′ (0) 2! f ′′ (0) n! f n (x)x2x3xn ex 1 x 2! 3! n!NoteThe Maclaurin’s series expansion for various functions is given asx2x5x7x2x4x61. sin x x 3! 5! 7! 2. cos x 1 2! 4! 6! x2x33. ax 1 x log a 2! (log a)2 3! (log a)a 4. log(1 x) x x224. log(1 x) x 5. tan 1 x x x33 x22x55x3 3 x33x77x3x5x7x2x4x6x4 4 x44x55 .x55 6. sinh x x 3! 5! 7! 7. cosh x 1 2! 4! 6! x2x3x48. log(1 sin x) x 2! 3! 4! x2x3x49. log(1 sin x) x 2! 3! 4! Did you like this article on Mean Value Theorems? Let us know in the comments? Youmay also like the following articles –Try out Calculus on Official GATE 2017 Virtual CalculatorRecommended Books for Engineering Mathematics40 PSUs Recruiting through GATE 2017Differentiation7 Page

This GATE study material can be downloaded as PDF so that your GATE preparation is made easy and you can ace your exam. These study notes are important for GATE EC, GATE EE, GATE ME, GATE CE and GATE CS. They are also important for IES, BARC, BSNL, DRDO and the rest. Before you get sta

Related Documents:

NOTE: In a DUAL GATE INSTALLATION the gate opener on the same side of the driveway as the control box is known as the MASTER GATE OPENER and that gate is refered to as the MASTER GATE. Conversly the gate opener on the other gate is refered to as the SLAVE GATE OPENER and the gate is refered to as the SLAVE GATE. For Mighty Mule FM702, GTO/PRO .

BENCH SEAT SEAT SEAT SEAT TPTP TP TP TP TP SEP TP TP TP PP PP PP TP WV WV WV WV WV WV WV SP SP P GP SEP SP SP SP SP SP SP BBQ PS GATE GATE GATE GATE GATE L B B B B B B B B B B B B B B SEAT B SEAT SEP GATE GATE GATE GATE GATE SEAT L BR. . Raised planter box for grape vine and BBQ her

Gate Drain Gate controls this. Gate can not control below that. So current can leak through there. PDSOI Gate 1V Gate controls this. No leakage path. FDSOI Gate 1V Leak Source Drain FinFET Si Gate 1V Gate Source Drain Better Electrostatics Stronger Gate Control - Lower V t for the same leakage - Shorter channel for the same V t

1 P a g e Laplace Transforms - GATE Study Material in PDF As a student of any stream of Engineering like GATE EC, GATE EE, GATE CS, GATE CE, GATE ME, you will come across one ve

the unit size output resistance, the unit size gate area capacitance and the gate perimeter capacitance of gate i , respectively. Although the gate shown here is a two-input AND gate, the model can be easily generalized for any gate with any number of input pins. Fig. 4. The model of component i , which is a wire segment, by a -type RC circuit.

v e n r i n f n t r overlook t e r a c e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e r k t s ki n z e y a p p l e t o ts s c h f i e l d r d z r g u e l l o b l v d n a broadway gate (pedestrian only) lombard gate presidio gate arguello gate 25th ave. gate 15th 14th ave. gates marina gate chestnut gate (pedestrian only) dt public health service .

MOSFET Logic Revised: March 22, 2020 ECE2274 Pre-Lab for MOSFET logic LTspice NAND Logic Gate, NOR Logic Gate, and CMOS Inverter Include CRN # and schematics. 1. NMOS NMOSNAND Logic Gate Use Vdd 10Vdc. For the NMOS NAND LOGIC GATE shown below, use the 2N7000 MOSFET LTspice model that has a gate to source voltage Vgs threshold of 2V (Vto 2.0).File Size: 586KB

ANSI A300 Purpose: To provide performance standards for developing written specifications for tree management. Currently nine individual parts . ANSI Z60 American Nurseryman and Landscape Association began developing this standard back in 1929 Became an ANSI document in 1949 Current version is 2004 . ANSI A300 The Tree Care Industry Association convened a consensus body .