Estimating GIS Return On Investment The Empirical Way
Estimating GIS Return on Investment the Empirical WayComputing the Costs, Benefits, and ROI of GIS Products and ServicesThis guideline outlines a standardized method by which your organization can assess thenet benefits of implementing, upgrading, and using its GIS resources. These resourcesinclude staff, software, data, application programs, training and time spent using the GIS.This method is empirical. It is based on experience - the experience of the authors (ofNSGIC) - of people with decades of practice implementing and using GIS for usefulpurposes. It is designed to collect and express the specific experience of GIS users andmanagers in your organization, using a systematic methodology, so that the conclusionsare identified as their conclusions - rather than the "pet project" of the person whoconducts the ROI Study.Why Should We Analyze Costs-Benefits and Calculate Return on Investment (ROI)? To Answer the question: "OK, Now that I know how much it’s going to cost, is itworth the money (and time & effort)?" Even if it is worth the investment, how do the benefits compare with other potentialprojects? Even if it is worth the investment, when will the benefits show up? As a tool to allocate the organization’s limited resources. As a justification for budgetary allocation of GIS operation.This empirical method builds a computational model for calculating the costs ofmaintaining or upgrading an organization's GIS technology, and the financial benefits tothe organization from each member's, and each department's, use of specific GISapplications that fulfill, promote, and enhance its duties. The net return (benefits minuscosts) is calculated for a series of years to conclude what the ROI will be over time. The model is very flexible; cost and benefit assumptions can be modified, and thetiming for implementing the cost items and receiving the benefits can be changed. Assumptions are explicit; they can be seen, understood, and changed. The calculations are transparent; they follow a logic that is clearly laid out. The model's "facts" are derived from your organization's own users and managers;they review the initial formulation and can negotiate changes.With these characteristics, the model may be challenged, but it can't be dismissed. Itrepresents the common, shared consensus of an organization's members who affect andare affected by GIS. Where consensus is difficult, the model can be run with alternativescenarios to enable discovery of how different the impact may be from different facts andassumptions, to respond to concerns like: "What happens if we delay a project until nextyear?" or "Suppose the expected benefit only turns out to be half as much?"Identifying ROI Model ElementsThe underlying philosophy of this method is that GIS is valuable to an organization onlyas its application products assist and improve the organization's operations. Relevant GISapplications are the root of the model. The prioritized list of GIS applications determinesEstimating GIS Costs, Benefits, and ROIGIS.Consultants@joffes.comPage 1
which data need to be collected, updated and maintained, and which software and staffingneed to be deployed to conduct the GIS applications. The usage of GIS applications isthe basis for calculating the benefit GIS technology is, or will be, providing to yourorganization.A simplified diagram of the GIS implementation process shows a map for identifying thefactual and assumption "elements" of the model's cost and benefit calculations. Thisprocess applies to both implementing GIS technology in organizations where it doesn'talready exist, as well as to significantly upgrading GIS capabilities and applications in anorganization.We begin with an analysis of the tasks and functions that the departments and individualsin an organization actually conduct, and may need to improve. Many of the tasks thatinvolvegeographicinformation, location, andspatial relationships couldGIS Implementation Processbe improved through ,NeedsNeedstechnology.We identifyTaskstheseas"ApplicationNeeds."Each of thesePrioritizePrioritizepossible GIS applications inturn requires certain specificStartuptypes of data upon which theDB StructureDevelopGIS programs would hods that are moreefficient or effective thanInstall and TestOngoing Operationcurrent methods. A long listGIS Consultantsof GIS applications istypicallygenerated(example below), which needs to be prioritized since we can't solve all problemssimultaneously. Similarly, the data that would be collected to "feed" the applications areprioritized as well. Several initial startup steps are necessary, including designing adatabase structure, in order to develop (program) the selected priority applications. Afterdata is compiled and loaded into the database, the GIS applications are tested and revisedwhere necessary. Successful GIS applications are then deployed for the organization'songoing operation. These implementation process steps are the basis for calculating thecosts of developing or significantly upgrading GIS technology in an organization. Thesecosts are fully described below.Applications Drive GIS ImplementationWe identify the specific departmental tasks and functions that the organization couldimprove through application of GIS technology. Some GIS applications may be useful toa single departmental function, such as mapping the pattern of crimes and comparing itEstimating GIS Costs, Benefits, and ROIGIS.Consultants@joffes.comPage 2
with the deployment of police resources. Other GIS applications provide a generalpurpose benefit to many departments and tasks, for example, a parcel basemap thatidentifies land ownership.General OrientationProperty IdentificationGIS ConsultantsGIS ConsultantsAnalysis for Property AppraisalInfrastructure ManagementGIS ConsultantsGIS ConsultantsPlanning and ZoningGeocoding Pavement Condition Index (PCI)GIS ConsultantsEstimating GIS Costs, Benefits, and ROIGIS.Consultants@joffes.comJason HillGIS ConsultantsIDEATEPage 3
Prioritizing Applications and DataAll the potential GISapplicationsthatcouldbenefit the organization arecompiled into a list, alongwith a tally of thedepartments that could usethem and the number ofdifferent potential users thereare in total.In this example, the neededapplications are colored bythe primary department thatwould use or be responsiblefor them, and the number ofdepartments that would usethem is indicated.Needed ApplicationsEmeryville GIS ApplicationsApplication 3.033.043.053.064.004.014.024.034.04EDDept GIS ApplicationsEconomic Development & HousingED Parcel InformationXED Parcel Environmental DataXED Business Information ResearchXED Public Notification (noticing)XED Pin Maps/Code Violation Inspections XED Virtual City TourXED Real Estate AvailabilityXFireFD Fire Dispatch (by Oakland)FD Fire Run Book/digital mapFD Traffic FlowFD Block PlansFD Fire Pre-PlansFD Field Access to Building DataFD Pin Maps/Fire Inspections, IncidentsFD Hydrant Connection to Water NetworkFD Plume ManagementFD Soils InformationFinance/Information ServicesF/IS Enterprise-wide DB RepositoryuF/IS System SupportuF/IS Addressing SchemauF/IS Pin Map of Business LicensesuF/IS Business License ReviewuF/IS Document Scanning with Map ReferenceuPlanning & BuildingP&B Parcel-based Spatial AnalysisuP&B Address Mapping/ReconciliationuP&B Streetscape Design ReviewuP&B Development Project Pin MapuFD F/ISP&B PW PD Count Fnd Need Imp 22666325WNININNNNINIWIWFFFNNNWFINWGIS ConsultantsThese GIS applications arealso classified according to a typology that will help prioritize which to develop first, andthereby determine the sequence of GIS development costs and the resulting benefits. Ourtypology includes six classifications: Foundational - applications that provide an information base for more specificapplications, for example building basemap layers such as parcels, roads, addresses,topography, and imagery. Needed - applications that have a high potential utility for at least one department'sfunction; often they have a high potential for several departments, for example, mailnotification to property owners. Important - applications that have a potential utility, but not as strong, nor asprevalent as the "needed" applications. Hot Button - applications that support a task, project, or function of particularinterest to the organization's decision-makers, for example a City Council memberwho was elected on the platform of repairing potholes might want a GIS applicationthat maps and classifies potholes and clearly illustrates the progress of their repair. Early Win - some applications may have less important potential utility, but theyare easy to build and quick to demonstrate progress and products resulting from theGIS implementation. They help build credibility for GIS development of the moreexpensive and time-consuming applications that are foundational and highly useful.Estimating GIS Costs, Benefits, and ROIGIS.Consultants@joffes.comPage 4
Targeted Funding - Often outside grants and funding are available for specificprograms that could employ GIS technology to their advantage, for example,mapping critical assets for homeland security protection, or mapping the sourcesand areas affected by pollution runoff. Frequently, target programs provide thefunding basis for an organization's creation or expansion of its GIS capabilities,which can subsequently be applied to many more organizational tasks and needs.The compiled list of potential GIS applications classifies them according to this typology,so that, by sorting applications according to type and number of potential users, we owPrioritized Applicationscomes the artful process ofPrioritized Applicationsselecting GIS applicationsPrio App.rity No. Dept GIS ApplicationCount Typefromthelistfor11.04 ED Public Notification (noticing)6N W25.01 PW Basemap Maintenance6Fprioritization according to31.02 ED Parcel Environmental Data4N41.01 ED Parcel Information6FWclassification and number of52.10 FD Soils Information2IW63.03 F/IS Addressing Schema6Fpotential users. It is not an74.02 P&B Address Mapping/Reconciliation6F84.13 P&B Display Graphics5FWexactcalculation,and94.07 P&B HazMat/Toxins Information5N10 3.02 F/IS System Support6Ftherefore it provides a11 4.01 P&B Parcel-based Spatial Analysis3N W12 4.14 P&B Public Information5N Wsignificant opportunity for13 3.01 F/IS Enterprise-wide DB Repository6F14 3.04 F/IS Pin Map of Business Licenses3IWcollaboration among the15 6.01 PD Pin Maps / Crime Mapping3N W16 4.04 P&B Development Project Pin Map2N Worganization's GIS users and17 3.05 F/IS Business License Review2N18 1.07 ED Real Estate Availability2Ipotential users.We19 1.03 ED Business Information Research3I20 4.11 P&B Zoning Map Maintenance2Nconstruct a prioritized list inGIS Consultantsa group context in whichparticipants express theirpreferences, and differences are negotiated. Expertise with GIS implementation by someof the group's members, or by outside consultants, informs the group when certainapplications require others as a prerequisite, and helps to assure that a good balance ofapplication types and popularity is achieved. By collaborating in the prioritizationprocess, the organization's members begin to see potential benefit to their departmentaloperations and they begin to vest their support in the project.Each GIS application requires a specific set of data types in order to perform. As wecollect information about a department's functions and vision for potential applications ofGIS, we identify the types of data needed. The data types are associated with eachapplication in a spreadsheet, as illustrated. A specific type of data may be necessary forseveral GIS applications, and nearly all applications require several data types.Estimating GIS Costs, Benefits, and ROIGIS.Consultants@joffes.comPage 5
Afterdocumentingtheassociation of cording to the priority ofapplications that was derivedin part by a collaborativeprocessamongorganizational stakeholders.The result is a sorted list ofdata to be collected orupdated that corresponds totheprioritiesoftheapplications that will feedupon the data.Data Required by ApplicationsX X X X XXXX X X X XXX XXX X XX XX XX X X X XXX X XX X XXXX XXXXX XX X X XX XXXXXX XX X X X XUrban Design ProjectsNeighborhood ProjectsNeighborhoodsInstitutional ControlsSetbacksBuilding Intensity/DensityLand Use (GP)ZoningCensus BlocksFire Inspection FilesBuilding Inspection FilesScanned Document Files or SysPermit Files or Permit Mgt SysBusiness License FilesAs-Built DrawingsZoning in Adj. CitiesX X XXX XXX XXX XX XXXX X XX X XXXXXX X XX X XXXX XX X XX X X X X X X X X XX X X XX XXXX XX XXX X XXX X X X X X X XXX XX X XXX XX X X X XX XXX X XXX XXX X XX X X XXXX X X XXXXX X XX X XXXXX XXXXXX X X X X X XX XX XX XX XXXXX X XXXXXX XX X XXX XXX XXXX X XX XXX X XX X XXX XX XX XX XX XXXFloor PlansBuilding FootprintsPublic FacilitiesParking FacilitiesCurb Painting / ParkingPed/Bike Circulation/ProjectsBicycle RacksBenchesPedestrian KiosksSidewalksX X X XXXX X XX X XXX XX X X X X XXStreet TreesXXXX X X XX X XX X X XX X XXX X X XX X XXXXXXXXXX X X XXXX XXXXXXXStreet LightsStreet SignalsStreet SignsMTC TAZsTransit StopsTransit RoutesTruck RoutesEmergency Evacuation RoutesStreet CenterlinesSanborne Maps (historical)Thomas Bros. MapAddress RangeAddressLotsRights of Way & EasementsParcels with APNApp No. GIS Application1.00 Economic Development & Housing1.01 ED Parcel InformationX1.02 ED Parcel Environmental DataX1.03 ED Business Information ResearchX1.04 ED Public Notification (noticing)1.05 ED Pin Maps/Code Violation Inspections1.06 ED Virtual City TourX1.07 ED Real Estate AvailabilityX2.00 Fire2.01 FD Fire Dispatch (by Oakland)2.02 FD Fire Run Book/digital map2.03 FD Traffic Flow2.04 FD Block PlansX2.05 FD Fire Pre-PlansX2.06 FD Field Access to Building DataX2.07 FD Pin Maps/Fire Inspections, Incidents2.08 FD Hydrant Connection to Water Network2.09 FD Plume ManagementX2.10 FD Soils InformationX3.00 Finance/Information Services3.01 F/IS Enterprise-wide DB Repository3.02 F/IS System Support3.03 F/IS Addressing Schema3.04 F/IS Pin Map of Business Licenses3.05 F/IS Business License Review3.06 F/IS Document Scanning / Map Reference4.00 Planning & Building4.01 P&B Parcel-based Spatial AnalysisX4.02 P&B Address Mapping/ReconciliationX4.03 P&B Streetscape Design Review4.04 P&B Development Project Pin MapX4.04 P&B Development Project ReviewX4.05 P&B Permit ReviewX4.06 P&B Pin Maps/Permit Status & Inspection4.07 P&B HazMat/Toxins Information4.08 P&B Land Use PlanningX4.09 P&B Transportation/Traffic PlanningXOn-site photosFeatures/Data Themes UsedOrthophotoDeptXXXXXXX XX X XX X X X XXXXXXXX X X X XX XXX X XX X X XGIS ConsultantsXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX X XX XXX X X X XXXXXXXXX X XXXXXXXXTransit RoutesEmergency Evacuation RoutesThomas Bros. MapCensus BlocksPublic ArtSetbacksLand Use (GP)NeighborhoodsZoningNeighborhood ProjectsFloor PlansUrban Design ProjectsInstitutional ControlsRights of Way & EasementsOn-site photosDevelopment ProjectsNatural Resources (GP)Parking FacilitiesX X XXXX X X X XXX X X XX XX X XX XXXXX XXX X XX X X X X X X X XX X X X X X XXX X XXX XX XX XXX XXXXXXXX X XX X X XXXXXXXXX XX X XX X X XXXX XX XX XXRegional Setting (GP)Sanborne Maps (historical)Noise Contours (GP)Temescal Creek Corridor DesignCatch BasinsX X X X X X X X X XX XX XX X X X X X X X X X X X X XX X X XXXX X X XX X XXX XXX XXXX XXSoils CompositionWellsFlood Hazards (GP)X XX X X X XX XX XX X X X X XXXXXXXSidewalksPublic FacilitiesAddress RangeStreet CenterlinesXX X X X X X XX X XX XXXXXXX XX XX X X X X X XXX XShorelineXXXXXXXXXParksXXXXXXXXXOrthophotoGIS ApplicationPublic Notification (noticing)Basemap MaintenanceParcel Environmental DataParcel InformationSoils InformationAddressing SchemaAddress Mapping/ReconciliationDisplay GraphicsHazMat/Toxins InformationSystem SupportParcel-based Spatial AnalysisPublic InformationEnterprise-wide DB RepositoryPin Map of Business LicensesPin Maps / Crime MappingDevelopment Project Pin MapBusiness License ReviewReal Estate AvailabilityBusiness Information ResearchZoning Map MaintenancePlume ManagementDocument Scanning / Map ReferenceAs-Builts Distribution (online/db)Pin Maps/Permit Status & InspectionDevelopment Project ReviewPermit ReviewBlock PlansSituational F/ISPDP&BF/ISEDEDP&BFDF/ISPWP&BP&BP&BFDPDParcels with 14.064.044.052.046.02Features/Data Themes 2122232425262728DeptBuilding FootprintsEmeryville GIS Applications/FeaturesGeological Characteristics, Faults (GP)Data Prioritized by ApplicationsXX X X X XX X X X XXX XXXX X XXXXXX X X X XX X X X XXXXXXXXXX XX XXX X XX X XXX XX XXXXXXXGIS ConsultantsCalculating the CostsWhether implementing GIS technology for the first time, or expanding the scope andcapabilities of your organization's GIS operation, the following categories of cost shouldbe considered. Startup Application Development Data Development Hardware / Software / Communication Network Installation, Testing, Training Ongoing OperationEstimating GIS Costs, Benefits, and ROIGIS.Consultants@joffes.comPage 6
Each of these cost categories is detailed with a set of subcategories. Each cost element ismeasured or estimated on a "cost per unit" basis. This enables the ROI model to enlargeor reduce the project scope while maintaining a consistent method for estimating costs.Different cost elements have a different "unit" basis, as illustrated below.Startup CostsSome "startup costs" occur at the beginning of an upgrade or new development project;other startup costs occur later during the project. Generally, they occur once during anupgrade iteration. Workflow Analysis - reviews current methods of fulfilling departmental tasks, andproposes the GIS applications that could improve operational efficiency andeffectiveness. The analysis identifies - for each task or function: What data isneeded? Where does it come from? Who gets the resulting information? Theanalysis formulates procedures for improved flow of information, and identifies thedata needed for each GIS application. Geodatabase Design - creates a systematic arrangement for storing the data so thatthe GIS applications can access it efficiently. The database design must be genericenough to enable many types of applications to access the data, and usually thedesign must integrate with non-geographic database files used throughout theorganization. "Geodatabase" refers to the geographic data, but it is part of theenterprise database system. Installing the Geodatabase - refers to the time and effort needed to program thedatabase management system with a specific geodatabase design. Staff Training - time and cost required for training staff are estimated for any andevery new expansion of GIS capabilities. The GIS tools are only as effective as theorganization's staff's ability to use them. System Installation and Upgrades - the computer hardware and softwarecomponents of the GIS system require startup time to install. Costs are alsoestimated for software upgrades and hardware replacements which occurperiodically.The cost basis for each of these Startup costs is estimated in terms of person-days ofeffort. Startup tasks for which the organization's staff do not have adequate experiencewould be conducted by consultants, or perhaps by hiring temporary staff. The startupcost basis assumes a percentage of the total estimated task time to be conducted byconsultants. These assumptions, as with all the assumptions in the model, are subject toreview, discussion and modification, which then automatically modifies the ROI modeland calculated conclusion.NOTE: all of the quantities shown in this model are for illustrative purposes only.Estimating GIS Costs, Benefits, and ROIGIS.Consultants@joffes.comPage 7
Applications CostCost Basis: StartupThe cost of developingGIS application programsincludes both general andconsultant consult temporaryspecific costs. The generaldays service%staff cost subtotal Notescosts, which apply to allStartup, Design, InstallationInitial DatabaseDesign4 1,800 75% 300 2,100Consultant 3days collaboratew/ staffapplicationprograms,WorkflowAnalysis6 2,340 65% 630 2,970GeoDatabaseDesign5 2,400 80% 300 2,700Consultant 4days collaboratew/ on10 3,000 50% 1,500 4,500standard methods for theEnterprise-wideDBRepository4 600 25% 900 1,500SQLServer ConfigurationEnterprise-wideGIS-DBRepository3 1,800 100% 0 temInstallation&Upgrades3 180 10% 810 990Staff install software, upgrades, per packagStaff Trainingbyconsultant1 600 100% 0 600Trainstaff per day; staff practiceisongoinginterface to make theoperation of the programsunderstandablefor"occasional" users. Manyusers may engage aGIS Consultantsspecific GIS applicationonly occasionally. Theyneed to recognize a standard user interface for all the organization's programs so theywon't need to spend a lot of time relearning each particular program whenever they needto use it. The productivity and benefit of GIS applications depends on the number ofusers and times it is used.In addition to designingCost Basis: Applicationsgeneral interface standards,each application designincludesbuildingormodifying the informationflow within and betweendepartments, programmingthe application, testing andmodifyingwherenecessary,documentingthe program and trainingthe users. These subtasksare estimated as theApplications Cost Basis,GIS Consultantssimilarly to the startupcosts. Time allotted foreach subtask is allocated between outside consultants and the organization's staff.AppNo.daysApplication Development1.04 ED Public Notification (noticing)5.01 PW Basemap Maintenance1.02 ED Parcel Environmental Data1.01 ED Parcel Information2.10 FD Soils Information3.03 F/IS Addressing Schema4.02 P&B Address Mapping/Reconciliation4.13 P&B Display Graphics4.07 P&B HazMat/Toxins Information4.01 P&B Parcel-based Spatial Analysis4.14 P&B Public Information3.04 F/IS Pin Map of Business Licenses6.01 PD Pin Maps / Crime Mapping4.04 P&B Development Project Pin Map3.05 F/IS Business License Review1.07 ED Real Estate Availability1.03 ED Business Information Research15251326362111621consultant consult temporaryservice%staff 600 3,000 1,200 3,000 600 1,170 1,200 2,520 1,800 3,600 1,200 600 600 600 3,600 1,200 00%100%100%100%100% 0 0 0 0 0 315 0 540 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0cost subtotal Notes 600 3,000 1,200 3,000 600 1,485 1,200 3,060 1,800 3,600 1,200 600 600 600 3,600 1,200 600Configuring existing capabiltiessetup tools, training for ArcGIS basemap updatesubset of "dril down" program"drill down" program, after data is completesubset of "dril down" programConsultant 2 days collaborates w/ staffTesting & displaySetup tools for ongoing map requests"Drill down" linking to floor plansSet up analyses for web-based operationsConfigure existing capability, link to Biz Lic filesConfigure existing capability, link to PD filesConfigure existing capability, link to iles"Drill down" for surrounding area, link to filesSimilar to pin map, link to C of C filesData CostsEstimating GIS Costs, Benefits, and ROIGIS.Consultants@joffes.comPage 8
The costs for compiling the data required for each GIS application is a function of theamount of data to becollected and "cleaned"(removing data errors andCost Basis: Dataomissions).For sometypes of data, for examplecompiling addresses orcreating orthoimagery, thecost basis is estimated for aunit of quantity, such ascost per parcel or cost persquare mile. For othertypes of data, for examplecompiling a layer of publicparks or fire stations, thecost is estimated in termsof time required. As withGIS Consultantsthe previous cost bases, thetime-cost may be allocatedto internal staff or consultants, or usually, a combination. Where staff are experienced orwhere a data type will be compiled and updated frequently, it is more economical toutilize internal staff. Consultants are useful for unique data compilations and for teachingstaff how to continue the process internally. The data are listed in the same priority asthey will be needed by the prioritized 1819202122232425262728Data Theme/FeaturedaysAddressParcels with APNLotsOrthophotoParks1ShorelineBuilding FootprintsStreet CenterlinesPublic Facilities2Address RangeSidewalks2Flood Hazards (GP)Wells2Geological Characteristics, Faults (GP)Soils CompositionCatch BasinsTemescal Creek Corridor Design1Noise Contours (GP)Sanborne Maps (historical)2Regional Setting (GP)Natural Resources (GP)Development Projects3On-site photos5Rights of Way & EasementsParking Facilities1Institutional Controls5Urban Design Projects3Floor Plans10consultantserviceconsult temporary cost/%staff parcel2.000.650.85 15025% 300 30025% 600 30025% 600 60050% 600 45075% 300 30025% 600 18010% 900 1,500 150 300 180 1,50025%10%10%25% 300 1,500 900 3,000cost 9,600 3,120 4,080 250 450 500 2,160 1,200 900 1,200 900 500 1,200 500 500 1,920 750 500 900 500 500 1,080 1,500 2,400 450 1,800 1,080 4,5000.450.250.250.400.50NotesReconcile with APNRegister, Check & updateDigitize, adjust to parcels, place addressAvailable from other agenciesStaff adds to GIS basemap, consultant assistImport from GP, adjustDigitizeDigitize, adjustStaff encodes condition, consultant assistConcurrent w.CenterlinesStaff encodes condition, consultant assistImport from GP, adjustStaff adds to GIS basemap, consultant assistImport from GP, adjustImport from GP, adjustImport from AutoCAD, annotateRequires accurate digitizingImport from GP, adjustAvailable from other agencies, scan internallyImport from GP, adjustImport from GP, adjustStaff adds to GIS basemap, consultant assistTaken by staff as neededDigitizeStaff encodes condition, consultant assistEnter text, link documents to parcelStaff adds to GIS basemap, consultant assistScan & link to DB and footprintsIn addition to compiling data for the new applications, costs must be estimated for qualitycontrol (checking and correcting the data), for metadata documentation, and forregularly-scheduled ongoing update of the data. These cost items are labeled "datamaintenance."Scheduling CostsThe prioritized applications are scheduled for development in specific years of a multiyear project.Usually, annual budgetconstraints limit how many newData Cost over timeapplications the organization can afford todevelop.Moreover, some applicationsrequire development of prerequisiteapplications; all can not be developedsimultaneously.Theapplicationdevelopment schedule can be modified bymoving the applications into an earlier orlater timeslot, and the resultant annual costswill be recalculated automatically.C o stB a sisD a ta D e v e lo p m e n tA d d re s s 9 ,6 0 0P a rc e ls w ith A P N 3 ,1 2 0L o ts 4 ,0 8 0O rth o p h o to 250P a rk s 450S h o re lin e 500B u ild in g F o o tp rin ts 2 ,1 6 0S tre e t C e n te rlin e s 1 ,2 0 0P u b lic F a c ilitie s 900A d d re s s R a n g e 1 ,2 0 0S id e w a lk s 900F lo o d H a z a rd s (G P ) 500W e lls 1 ,2 0 0G e o lo g ic a l C h a ra c te ris tic s , F a u lts (G P ) 5 0 0S o ils C o m p o s itio n 500C a tc h B a s in s 1 ,9 2 0Te m e s c a l C re e k C o rrid o r D e s ig n 750N o is e C o n to u rs (G P ) 500S a n b o rn e M a p s (h is to ric a l) 900R e g io n a l S e ttin g (G P ) 500N a tu ra l R e s o u rc e s (G P ) 500D e ve lo p m e n t P ro je c ts 1 ,0 8 0O n -s ite p h o to s 1 ,5 0 0R ig h ts o f W a y & E a s e m e n ts 2 ,4 0 0P a rk in g F a c ilitie s 450In s titu tio n a l C o n tro ls 1 ,8 0 0U rb a n D e s ig n P ro je c ts 1 ,0 8 0F lo o r P la n s 4 ,5 0 0N e ig h b o rh o o d P ro je c ts 1 ,4 4 0Zo n in g 2 ,7 0 0N e ig h b o rh o o d s 900L a n d U s e (G P ) 1 ,3 5 0S e tb a c k s 7 ,5 0 0P u b lic A rt 720C e n s u s B lo c k s 250Th o m a s B ro s . M a p 250E m e rg e n c y E va c u a tio n R o u te s 900Tra n s it R o u te s 900Tru c k R o u te s 900H o u s in g a n d M ix e d U s e 900Tra n s it S to p s 900S tre e t S ig n a ls 1 ,8 0 0B u ild in g In te n s ity /D e n s ity 1 ,3 5 0Zo n in g in A d j. C itie s 900Estimating GIS Costs, Benefits, and ROI20062007Q ty .C o st100%100%100%100%100%100%100%100%100%100%100% 9 ,6 0 0 3 ,1 2 0 4 ,0 8 0 250 450 500 2 ,1 6 0 1 ,2 0 0 900 1 ,2 0 0 900100%2008Q ty .C o st100%100%100%100%100%100%100%100%100%100% 500 1 ,2 0 0 500 500 1 ,9 2 0 750 500 900 500 500100%100%100%100%100%100%100%100%100%100%100% 1 ,5 0 0 2 ,4 0 0 450 1 ,8 0 0 1 ,0 8 0 4 ,5 0 0 1 ,4 4 0 2 ,7 0 0 900 1 ,3 5 0 7 ,5 0 0100%100% 250 2502009Q ty .C o st100% 720100%100%100%100%100%100%100%100% 900 900 900 900 900 1 ,8 0 0 1 ,3 5 0 900Q ty .2010C o stQ ty .C o st 1 ,0 8 0GIS.Consultants@joffes.comGIS ConsultantsPage 9
Applications Cost over timeCostBasisApplication DevelopmentPublic Notification (noticing)Basemap MaintenanceParcel Environmental DataParcel InformationSoils InformationAddressing SchemaAddress Mapping/ReconciliationDisplay GraphicsHazMat/Toxins InformationParcel-based Spatial AnalysisPublic InformationPin Map of Business LicensesPin Maps / Crime MappingDevelopment Project Pin MapBusiness License ReviewReal Estate AvailabilityBusiness Information ResearchPlume ManagementDocument Scanning / Map ReferenceAs-Builts Distribution (online/db)Pin Maps/Permit Status & Inspect
Estimating GIS Costs, Benefits, and ROI GIS.Consultants@joffes.com Page 1 Estimating GIS Return on Investment the Empirical Way Computing the Costs, Benefits, and ROI of GIS Products and Services This guideline outlines a stan
1 CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 GIS? 1.1.1 Components of a GIS 1.1.2 A Brief History of GIS 1.1.3 GIS Software Products Box 1.1 A List of GIS Software Producers and Their Main Products 1.2 GIS Applications Box 1.2 Google Maps, Microsoft Virtual Earth, and
Background –Chris Owen . 2004 - MACECOM 911 hires GIS to provide them road and addressing data 2005 / 2006 - new GIS Technicians and Analysts hired 2007 - GIS was moved from Public Works Road Fund and made an "Enterprise Fund" 2008 / 2009 - GIS Manager quits. GIS Manager position is not rehired.
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MIT 11.188/11.520 Web Service Notes 1 Internet GIS and Geospatial Web Services Introduction Section 1 -- What is Internet GIS? Section 2 -- Internet GIS: state of practice Section 3 -- Future development of Internet GIS Section 4 -- Function comparisons of current Internet GIS programs Section 5 -- Internet GIS applications Section 6 – I
Electrical Construction Estimating Introduction to Electrical Construction Estimating Estimating activites will use the North State Electric estimating procedures. Estimating and the Estimator Estimating is the science and the art by which a person or organization determines in advance of t
Understanding the basic concepts of GIS is a good start of the literature to allow the people who do not have an idea about GIS to know what GIS is. Internet is a very rich source of published papers, journals and technical reports to explore some published works about GIS applications in transportation analysis and planning (GIS-T). Also, the technologies used in this area such as using .
desktop GIS, remote sensing software and 3D visualization tools). Only summarized descriptions for the rest of open source GIS software have been provided due to the white paper page limits. 2.1 Basic desktop GIS Basic desktop GIS software can provide basic GIS functions, such as data input, map display
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