Test Canvas: Brock Biology Of Microorganisms 14th Edition
Page 1 of 29?Edit Mode is:Ht(Course is unavailable to students).TestsTest Canvas : Brock Biology of Microorganisms 14th EditionTest Canvas: Brock Biology of Microorganisms 14th EditionCreate QuestionUpload QuestionsReuse QuestionQuestion SettingsDescriptionInstructionsTotal Questions 147Total Points1,155Select: All NoneDeleteSelect by Type:Points- Question Type -Update Hide Question Details1. Multiple Choice: A Pasteur flask has a(n)Points: 10Success: 147 questions added as a copy.QuestionAnswerA Pasteur flask has a(n)swan neck to prevent particulate matter from getting into the main body of the flask.double neck so two substances may be added at the same time.secondary opening at the base to allow for drainage.inverted upper edge to prevent spillage while swirling.2. Multiple Choice: A colony on a Petri plate arises from.QuestionAnswerPoints: 5A colony on a Petri plate arises from a single cell. How many cells does a typical bacterial colony contain?101103105107Correct FeedbackCorrect!Incorrect FeedbackIncorrect. Your answer should consider that bacterial cells are very small and only very large numbers ofcells can be seen by the naked eye.3. Multiple Choice: A microbial cell's membrane is consid.QuestionAnswerPoints: 10A microbial cell's membrane is considered , because its internal constituents are maintained withinthe cell. However, it also imports and exports other molecules in response to its meable4. Multiple Choice: A pure cultureQuestionAnswerA pure cultureis sterile.Points: 10
Page 2 of 29is a population of identical cells.is made of a clearly defined chemical medium.contains one microbial cell.5. True/False: According to our present understandin.QuestionAnswerPoints: 10According to our present understanding, each of the three major domains has what is known as its ownuniversal ancestor.TrueFalse6. Multiple Choice: All life on Earth can be divided into.QuestionAnswerPoints: 5All life on Earth can be divided into three main Domains, the Bacteria, the Archaea, and the Eukarya, basedon the similarities of their .ribosomal RNAcell nucleiDNAcell structuresCorrect FeedbackCorrect!Incorrect FeedbackIncorrect!7. True/False: All microorganisms require molecular .QuestionAnswerPoints: 10All microorganisms require molecular oxygen to carry on life functions.TrueFalse8. Multiple Choice: Although the existence of microorgani.QuestionAnswerPoints: 5Although the existence of microorganisms was surmised long before, their discovery depended upon atechnological development (the microscope) in order for scientists to .construct meaningful hypotheses concerning microbial activitiesmake direct observations of microbessynthesize meaningful theories about the roles of microbes in diseasepublish their resultsCorrect FeedbackCorrect!Incorrect FeedbackIncorrect!9. Multiple Choice: An ecosystem includes along .QuestionAnswerAn ecosystem includes along with .macroorganisms / microorganismsliving organisms / their chemical and physical environmentspathogenic organisms / non-pathogenic organismssingle celled organisms / multi-cellular organismsPoints: 10
Page 3 of 2910. Essay: An investigator attempting to replica.Points: 0QuestionAn investigator attempting to replicate Pasteur’s swan-necked flask experiment has boiled a hay infusion for1 hour. However, she observes growth in the flask after 1 day (even when undisturbed). What is the likelyexplanation for this result?AnswerThe most likely explanation is that bacterial endospores were present in the sample. Some soil bacteria (likeBacillus subtilis) produce heat-resistant endospores. Vegetative microbial cells are rapidly killed by boiling.However, the endospores are able to survive extended exposure to high temperatures. Once the culturetemperature drops, the surviving endospores will germinate and begin to multiply in the culture medium.11. Multiple Choice: Applied microbiology deals with impor.QuestionAnswerPoints: 10Applied microbiology deals with important practical problems inmedicine.agriculture.industry.medicine, agriculture, and industry.12. Multiple Choice: Approximately two billion years ago, .QuestionAnswerPoints: 10Approximately two billion years ago, were primarily responsible for initially oxygenating Earth.algaeArchaeacyanobacteriapurple sulfur bacteria13. Multiple Choice: Archaea and Bacteria are unified as p.QuestionAnswerPoints: 10Archaea and Bacteria are unified as prokaryotes in lacking which Eukarya contain, such as golgi.membranesnucleimembrane-enclosed organellesnuclei and membrane-enclosed organelles14. Multiple Choice: Bacillus anthracis deficient in its a.QuestionAnswerPoints: 10Bacillus anthracis deficient in its ability to differentiate would not be able tochemotax towards growth substrates.create vessicles.form endospores.grow without additional supplemented nutrients.15. Multiple Choice: Bacteria can have positive, neutral, .QuestionAnswerPoints: 5Bacteria can have positive, neutral, or negative effects on humans and other macroorganisms. Which of thefollowing would be a negative association?cellulose degraders in the cow rumennitrogen fixing bacteria in a soybean root
Page 4 of 29sulfur oxidizing bacteria in soilSalmonella bacteria in the human gutCorrect FeedbackCorrect!Incorrect FeedbackIncorrect!16. Essay: Based upon the properties of life, do.Points: 0QuestionBased upon the properties of life, do you think that viruses are alive or not? What evidence supports youropinion?AnswerMost scientists regard viruses as nonliving entities. Although they are able to reproduce and their geneticmaterial may evolve over time, they require the host cell’s machinery to do so. In addition, viruses lack theirown metabolism and protein synthesis machinery, are not motile, and neither communicate nor differentiateduring growth. Furthermore, viruses are acellular microbes. All known living organisms are composed ofcells.17. Multiple Choice: Basic microbiology can be used toQuestionAnswerPoints: 10Basic microbiology can be used toprobe the fundamental processes of life.study characteristics of cells of multicellular organisms.model our understanding of cellular processes in multicellular organisms, including humans.probe the fundamental processes of life, study characteristics of cells of multicellular organisms, andmodel our understanding of cellular processes in multicellular organisms, including humans.18. Multiple Choice: Bioremediation by introducin.QuestionAnswerPoints: 10Bioremediation by introducing pollutant-consuming microorganisms or specific nutrients that helpmicroorganisms degrade pollutants.accelerates the natural cleanup processexploits genetic exchange mechanismsinvokes microbial evolutionuses chemotaxis of biodegrading microorganisms19. True/False: Both environmental conditions and nut.QuestionAnswerPoints: 10Both environmental conditions and nutrient resources strongly influence the composition of a microbialcommunity.TrueFalse20. Multiple Choice: Chemolithotrophy involvesQuestionAnswerPoints: 10Chemolithotrophy involvesoxidation of organic compounds.oxidation of inorganic compounds.reduction of organic compounds.metabolic autotrophy.21. Essay: Compare and contrast the functions mi.Points: 10
Page 5 of 29QuestionCompare and contrast the functions microbes serve in the digestive systems of both humans and rumens(e.g., cattle).AnswerAnswers will vary but should focus on humans having a high cell localized density in the colon (largeintestine), whereas rumens have higher microbial populations in the rumen. Microbes in both systems aid indigestion and improve nutrition/health of the host.22. Essay: Compare and contrast the leading caus.Points: 10QuestionCompare and contrast the leading causes of death in 1900 with the leading causes of death today. Whatroles have microbiologists played in the dramatic changes that are evident?AnswerAnswers will vary, but a focus should be that pathogens that killed people in the early 1900s are nowtreatable due to knowledge learned from microbiologists.23. Essay: Compare and contrast the works of Lou.Points: 10QuestionCompare and contrast the works of Louis Pasteur and Robert Koch in terms of both applied and basicscience.AnswerAnswers will vary, but should highlight the differences between basic scientific research in whichfundamental ideas are discovered opposed to the usage of microbiological principles to solve largerquestions. Examples of Pasteur's basic science contributions are his work showing that fermentation wasmediated by microorganisms and the preferential metabolism of particular optical isomers by microbes.Pasteur also applied his ideas to develop sterilization techniques. Robert Koch focused more on theapplication of microbiology to identify the cause of tuberculosis by developing pure culturing techniques andthe four postulates to link microbes to a disease.24. Multiple Choice: Consider the following two statements.QuestionAnswerPoints: 5Consider the following two statements about microorganisms and their environments: I. Aerobic organismsmaintain oxygen in their environment. II. Some microorganisms consume the waste products of anotherpopulation as nutrients.Only statement I is correct.Only statement II is correct.Both statements I and II are correct.Neither statement I nor II is correct.Correct FeedbackCorrect!Incorrect FeedbackIncorrect. The interplay of organisms in the environment is complex and dynamic.25. Multiple Choice: Consider the following two statements.QuestionAnswerPoints: 5Consider the following two statements: I) Ecosystems are influenced by microbial activities. II) Microbialecosystems remain constant over time.Only statement I is correct.Only statement II is correct.Both statements I and II are correct.Neither statement I nor II is correct.Correct FeedbackCorrect!Incorrect FeedbackIncorrect. You should consider the major impact microorganisms have on the environment.26. Multiple Choice: Consider the following two statements.QuestionAnswerPoints: 5Consider the following two statements: I. Most bacterial species cause disease. II. Infectious diseases arethe leading causes of death in the United States today.Only statement I is correct.Only statement II is correct.Both statements I and II are correct.Neither statement I nor II is correct.
Page 6 of 29Correct FeedbackCorrect!Incorrect FeedbackIncorrect. Most microbes are beneficial, rather than harmful.27. Multiple Choice: Control of infectious diseases curren.QuestionAnswerPoints: 5Control of infectious diseases currently is the result of all of the following EXCEPT .increased understanding of disease processesthe use of antimicrobial agentseradication of hundreds of pathogensimproved sanitary and public health practicesCorrect FeedbackCorrect!Incorrect FeedbackIncorrect. You should consider in your answer all of the health initiatives implemented in the 21st century.28. Multiple Choice: Cyanobacteria and purple bacteria bot.QuestionAnswerPoints: 10Cyanobacteria and purple bacteria both obtain energy from light. However, only the are capable ofreleasing .cyanobacteria / organic compoundscyanobacteria / oxygenpurple bacteria / organic compoundspurple bacteria / oxygen29. Multiple Choice: Deduce why viruses are excluded from .QuestionAnswerPoints: 10Deduce why viruses are excluded from the ribosomal RNA-based tree of life.Some viruses contain multiple strands of RNA.Their genetic elements cannot be sequenced.They can infect other organisms, which complicates the genetic comparisons.They lack ribosomal RNA.30. Essay: Describe beneficial and harmful ways .Points: 10QuestionDescribe beneficial and harmful ways in which microorganisms interact with agricultural crops.AnswerCertain microbes are beneficial to crops when they produce nutrients (e.g., NH4 , SO42-) usable by a cropfrom a substrate that was unusable. Other microbes can cause diseases in plants, much like pathogenscause disease in humans.31. Essay: Describe two capabilities of microbes.Points: 10QuestionDescribe two capabilities of microbes that exemplify their dynamic nature.AnswerAnswers could possibly include cell-cell communication, ability to move (motility), ability to differentiate, andexchange of materials (any two).32. Multiple Choice: Determine which outcome is LEAST like.QuestionAnswerDetermine which outcome is LEAST likely for a microorganism being motile.avoidance of predation by bacteriovoresmaintaining osmotic balance within a salt gradientmovement towards growth substratesPoints: 10
Page 7 of 29transfer of plasmids to progeny33. Multiple Choice: Developments in the fields of immunol.QuestionAnswerPoints: 10Developments in the fields of immunology and medical microbiology were practical extensions of the work ofSergei Winogradsky.Antoni van Leeuwenhoek.Joseph Lister.Robert Koch.34. Multiple Choice: Differential selection and reproducti.QuestionAnswerPoints: 10Differential selection and reproduction of phenotypes occurs during a process calledcellular . True/False: Differentiation occurs only in multic.QuestionAnswerPoints: 10Differentiation occurs only in multicellular organisms.TrueFalse36. Essay: Explain how you would use Robert Koch.Points: 10QuestionExplain how you would use Robert Koch's postulates to determine that Streptococcus pyogenes is thecausative agent of streptococcal pharyngitis ("strep throat").AnswerAnswers will vary but will need to detail how S. pyogenes will be subjected to all four postulates.37. Essay: Explain the nature and function of an.Points: 10QuestionExplain the nature and function of an enrichment culture.AnswerAnswers will vary, but an enrichment culture uses media, chemicals, or culture conditions to select for orencourage the growth of organisms with specific characteristics. An answer could describe providing onlycarbon dioxide as a source of carbon to select for autotrophs, for example.38. Essay: Explain why infectious diseases are m.Points: 10QuestionExplain why infectious diseases are much less lethal in developed countries than in underdevelopedcountries.AnswerAnswers will vary but should emphasize ways in which increased knowledge about microbial pathogenesishas influenced preventative care (e.g., sanitation) and treatment (e.g., antimicrobial drugs).39. Essay: Explain why microbial cells are excel.Points: 10QuestionExplain why microbial cells are excellent models for understanding cell function in higher organisms.AnswerAnswers will vary but should include commonality of function, biochemical and genetic similarities, and easeand speed with which they can be grown in large quantities.40. Essay: Explain why only anaerobic bacteria i.QuestionExplain why only anaerobic bacteria inhabited Earth for the first two billion years of its existence.Points: 10
Page 8 of 29AnswerThe key idea is an anoxic environment will not allow aerobic organisms to survive.41. Multiple Choice: Fannie Hesse is credited with giving .QuestionAnswerPoints: 10Fannie Hesse is credited with giving the idea to use agar as a solidifying agent.Louis PasteurFerdinand CohnRobert KochSergei Winogradsky42. Multiple Choice: Groups of cells derived from a single.QuestionAnswerPoints: 10Groups of cells derived from a single parent cell by successive cell divisions are known as microbialand which live in environments known as microbial .communities / habitatscommunities / ecosystemspopulations / habitatspopulations / ecosystems43. Essay: How would the presence of endospores .Points: 10QuestionHow would the presence of endospores in Louis Pasteur's nutrient solutions have affected his conclusionsabout spontaneous generation?AnswerAnswers will vary, but ultimately this could have confounded Pasteur if the endospores sometimes went intoa vegetative growth phase and other times no growth was observed.44. Multiple Choice: In what/which domain(s) of life i.QuestionAnswerPoints: 10In what/which domain(s) of life is/are microorganisms represented?ArchaeaBacteriaEukaryaArchaea, Bacteria, and Eukarya45. Multiple Choice: Koch's postulates cannot always be us.QuestionAnswerPoints: 5Koch's postulates cannot always be used to satisfy .lethal infectious diseases that only occur in humansany lethal infectious diseasesinfectious diseases that are caused by virusesinfectious diseases that are caused by fungiCorrect FeedbackCorrect!Incorrect FeedbackIncorrect. Your answer should consider the limitations of culturing some microbes in a laboratory setting.46. Multiple Choice: Like all forms of life on Earth, all .QuestionLike all forms of life on Earth, all microbial cells perform three major types of activities: .Points: 5
Page 9 of 29Answermetabolism, growth, and evolutionmetabolism, growth, and genetic exchangegrowth, differentiation, and metabolismgrowth, genetic exchange, and evolutionCorrect FeedbackCorrect!Incorrect FeedbackIncorrect!47. Essay: List three contributions of Ferdinand.Points: 10QuestionList three contributions of Ferdinand Cohn to the development of microbiology.AnswerAnswers could possibly include: founding bacteriology as a separate science, studying Beggiatoa,discovering the genus Bacillus (along with its endospore formation and its life cycle), and devising methodsto prevent contamination.48. Multiple Choice: Louis Pasteur developed the vaccine(s.QuestionAnswerPoints: 10Louis Pasteur developed the vaccine(s) foranthrax.fowl cholera.rabies.anthrax, fowl cholera, and rabies.49. Multiple Choice: Louis Pasteur developed vaccines for .QuestionAnswerPoints: 5Louis Pasteur developed vaccines for all of the following diseases EXCEPT .smallpoxanthraxrabiesfowl choleraCorrect FeedbackCorrect!Incorrect FeedbackIncorrect. You should consider only those vaccines developed by Pasteur.50. Multiple Choice: Louis Pasteur's most famous success w.QuestionAnswerPoints: 10Louis Pasteur's most famous success was his work onMycobacterium tuberculosis.the rabies vaccine.optical isomers.cultivation of E. coli.51. Multiple Choice: Major classes of macromolecules prese.QuestionAnswerMajor classes of macromolecules present in all living microorganisms includeamino acids, carbohydrates, lipids, and nucleic acids.cell wall, cytoplasmic membrane, nucleoid, and ribosomes.Points: 10
Page 10 of 29genes, proteins, and vitamins.inorganic and organic compounds.52. Multiple Choice: Martinus Beijerinck was the first to .QuestionAnswerPoints: 10Martinus Beijerinck was the first to isolategreen algae.certain nitrogen-fixing root nodule bacteria.certain sulfate-reducing bacteria.green algae, certain nitrogen-fixing root nodule bacteria, and certain sulfate-reducing bacteria.53. True/False: Metabolism is a unifying characterist.QuestionAnswerPoints: 10Metabolism is a unifying characteristic of all cellular organisms.TrueFalsePoints: 554. Multiple Choice: Microbes evolve specific traits that .QuestionAnswerMicrobes evolve specific traits that increase their fitness in specific environments. Martinus Beijerinckdeveloped the enrichment culture technique to isolate microbes from complex natural samples, like soil andwater, by manipulating the .organism’s genesmedium to be either a solid or a liquidoxygen content of the cultureculture conditions and nutrientsCorrect FeedbackCorrect!Incorrect FeedbackIncorrect!55. Multiple Choice: Microbes playing a role in nitrogen f.QuestionAnswerPoints: 10Microbes playing a role in nitrogen fixation in plants live in , while those playing a role in thedigestive tract of certain herbivores live in .rumens / nodulesnodules / rumensnodules / fortransfortrans / rumens56. Essay: Microbes were first formally observed.Points: 10QuestionMicrobes were first
Tests Test Canvas : Brock Biology of Microorganisms 14th Edition Test Canvas: Brock Biology of Microorganisms 14th Edition Description Instructions Total Questions 147 Total Points 1,155 Select: All None Select by Type: - Question Type - Delete Points UpdateUpdate Hide Question Details 1. Multiple Choice: A Pasteur flask has a(n)
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