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NOT FOR PUBLICATIONUNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALSFILEDDEC 24 2020MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERKFOR THE NINTH CIRCUITBRIGETTE TAYLOR,Plaintiff-Appellant,v.No.U.S. COURT OF APPEALS19-16727D.C. No. 3:18-cv-06310-JSCMEMORANDUM*BOSCO CREDIT LLC; et al.,Defendants-Appellees.Appeal from the United States District Courtfor the Northern District of CaliforniaJacqueline Scott Corley, Magistrate Judge, PresidingArgued and Submitted September 14, 2020San Francisco, CaliforniaBefore: SCHROEDER, W. FLETCHER, and VANDYKE, Circuit Judges.Brigette Taylor appeals the district court’s dismissal of her claims againstBosco Credit LLC (“Bosco”) and Franklin Credit Management Corporation(“Franklin” and, collectively, “Appellees”) related to Appellees’ foreclosure of herhome, resulting from Taylor’s default on the second lien loan owned and serviced,*This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent except as provided byNinth Circuit Rule 36-3.

respectively, by Bosco and Franklin. We have jurisdiction under 28 U.S.C. § 1291,and we affirm.“We review de novo a district court’s dismissal for failure to state a claim.”Conservation Force v. Salazar, 646 F.3d 1240, 1241 (9th Cir. 2011). Such dismissal“is proper if there is a ‘lack of a cognizable legal theory or the absence of sufficientfacts alleged under a cognizable legal theory.’” Id. at 1242 (quoting Balistreri v.Pacifica Police Dep’t, 901 F.2d 696, 699 (9th Cir. 1988)). “[W]e accept all factualallegations in the complaint as true and construe the pleadings in the light mostfavorable to the nonmoving party.” Knievel v. ESPN, 393 F.3d 1068, 1072 (9th Cir.2005). These same standards apply to our review of dismissals based on statute oflimitations grounds. Gregg v. Haw. Dep’t of Pub. Safety, 870 F.3d 883, 886–87 (9thCir. 2017).1.The district court correctly concluded that Taylor failed to state a claimunder the Truth in Lending Act (“TILA”), 15 U.S.C. §§ 1601 et seq. Taylor claimsthat Franklin violated TILA by failing to provide her with periodic statements, butclaims seeking damages under TILA must be brought “within one year from the dateof the occurrence of the violation.” 15 U.S.C. § 1640(e). And under the ConsumerFinancial Protection Bureau’s (“CFPB”) Regulation Z, periodic statements are notrequired “if delinquency collection proceedings have been instituted.” 12 C.F.R.§ 1026.5(b)(2)(i).2

Here, Taylor received a Notice of Default in August 2015, and three Noticesof Trustee’s Sale were recorded in March 2016, April 2016, and January 2018.While the CFPB has not explicitly addressed whether nonjudicial foreclosuresconstitute “delinquency collection proceedings,” it has provided bookend examplesof what does and does not constitute a “delinquency collection proceeding” byexplaining that “[c]reditors institute a delinquency collection proceeding by filing acourt action or initiating an adjudicatory process with a third party. Assigning a debtto a debt collector or other third party would not constitute instituting a collectionproceeding.” 12 C.F.R. Pt. 1026, Supp. I, Part 1, Comment 5(b)(2)(i)(4).Given the plain text of “delinquency collection proceeding,” and other courts’references to nonjudicial foreclosures, the phrase “delinquency collectionproceeding” encompasses nonjudicial foreclosures. See Friends of Animals v. U.S.Fish & Wildlife Serv., 879 F.3d 1000, 1005–06 (9th Cir. 2018) (“When a word is notdefined by statute, we normally construe it in accord with its ordinary or naturalmeaning.”), cert. denied sub nom. Friends of Animals v. Fish & Wildlife Serv., 138S. Ct. 2628 (2018); see also Obduskey v. McCarthy & Holthus LLP, 139 S. Ct. 1029,1033–39 (2019) (referring to “nonjudicial foreclosure proceedings” over half adozen times); Ho v. ReconTrust Co., 858 F.3d 568, 572 (9th Cir. 2017) (referring toCalifornia’s nonjudicial foreclosure process as “foreclosure proceedings”).3

Taylor’s reading of “delinquency collection proceeding” as limited only tocourt actions and adjudicatory processes under the CFPB comment’s first sentenceis belied by the comment’s full text. If Taylor was correct that the first sentence inthe comment establishes that “delinquency collection proceedings” can only includecourt actions and adjudicatory processes, the comment’s very next sentenceproviding an example of what isn’t a “collection proceeding” would be superfluous.Cf. Nat’l Ass’n of Home Builders v. Defs. of Wildlife, 551 U.S. 644, 669 (2007)(“[W]e have cautioned against reading a text in a way that makes part of itredundant.”); Obduskey, 139 S. Ct. at 1037 (“The reference to § 1692f(6) would onthis view be superfluous, and we ‘generally presum[e] that statutes do not containsurplusage.’”). It makes better sense to read the examples provided in the comment’stwo sentences as bookends, illustrating some examples of what would, and whatwouldn’t, constitute a “delinquency collection proceeding” under Regulation Z, butnot purporting to address every such proceeding.And because nonjudicialforeclosures are simply not addressed by the examples provided in the comment, wereturn to the plain text of the phrase and conclude that “delinquency collectionproceeding” encompasses nonjudicial foreclosures for the reasons given above. SeePerrin v. United States, 444 U.S. 37, 42 (1979) (“A fundamental canon of statutoryconstruction is that, unless otherwise defined, words will be interpreted as takingtheir ordinary, contemporary, common meaning.”).4

Because nonjudicial foreclosures constitute “delinquency collectionproceedings” under Regulation Z, Franklin’s obligation to send periodic statementsduring that time was terminated. See 12 C.F.R. § 1026.5(b)(2)(i). Accordingly, thedistrict court correctly determined that Taylor’s TILA claim was time-barred.15 U.S.C. § 1640(e).12.The district court also correctly concluded that Taylor failed to state aclaim under California’s Unfair Competition Law (“UCL”), Cal. Bus. & Profs.Code §§ 17200 et seq. Taylor’s TILA claim was properly dismissed as time-barred,so any UCL claim based on unlawful conduct under TILA was likewise properlydismissed. See Berryman v. Merit Prop. Mgmt., 152 Cal. App. 4th 1544, 1554(2007). Taylor’s argument that her complaint also stated a claim under the “unfair”prong of the UCL is belied by the text of the complaint, especially her statement thather UCL “allegations are tethered to the following laws: Defendant FRANKLIN’sviolations of the Consumer Finance Regulations constitutes unlawful businesspractices under [the UCL].”AFFIRMED.1Taylor asserts that each failure to send a monthly statement is a separate violation of TILA. Evenassuming arguendo that is true, because nonjudicial foreclosure proceedings were initiated morethan a year prior to Taylor’s suit, Franklin never violated TILA within the one-year limitationsperiod at issue in this case.5

NOT FOR PUBLICATION UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT BRIGETTE TAYLOR, Plaintiff-Appellant, v. BOSCO CREDIT LLC; et al., Defendants-Appellees. No. 19-16727 D.C. No. 3:18-cv-06310-JSC MEMORANDUM* Appeal from the United States District Court for the Northern District of California Jacqueline Scott Corley, Magistrate Judge, Presiding Argued and Submitted September 14, 2020 San .

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