Guidelines For Industry On Child Online Protection
Guidelines for Industryon Child Online Protectionwww.itu.int/cop UNICEF/BANA2014-00368/Mawa2015 edition
Notices and DisclaimerThis document may be updated from time to time. Updates can be found on the www.itu.int/cop.Third-party sources are quoted as appropriate. The International Telecommunication Union (ITU) and UNICEF are not responsible for the content provided byexternal sources including external websites referenced in this publication. Neither ITU, nor UNICEF, nor any person acting on their behalf is responsible forthe use that might be made of the information contained in this publication. Mention of and references to specific countries or territories, companies, products,initiatives, company policies, practices or guidelines do not in any way imply that they are endorsed or recommended by ITU and/or UNICEF, the contributors,or any other organization that the authors are affiliated with, in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned.This joint publication reflects the work of ITU and UNICEF with respect to an issue of common concern. The principles and policies of each agency are separatelyestablished and governed by the relevant decisions of its governing body. International Telecommunication Union (ITU) and United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF), 2015.Requests to reproduce extracts of this publication may be submitted to: jur@itu.int and CSR@unicef.org.AcknowledgementsThis publication was developed through a consultative process led by the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) and UNICEF andbenefited from the expertise of a wide range of contributors from leading institutions active in the information and communications technologies(ICT) sector and on child online safety issues.UNICEF Corporate Social Responsibility Unit: Amaya Gorostiaga, Eija HietavuoUNICEF Child Protection Section: Clara SommarinThe document also benefited from the review of the following UNICEF colleagues:Christian Salazar, Maniza Zaman, Bo Viktor Nylund, Susan Bissell, Kerry Neal, Joost Kooijmans and Julia Schulteis.ITU: Carla Licciardello, Preetam Maloor, Marco Obiso, Despoina SareidakiEditor: Catherine RutgersITU and UNICEF are grateful to Jenny Jones, GSMA and John Carr, Children’s Charities’ Coalition on Internet Safety, for their continuoussupport and invaluable guidance to the overall process.Moreover, we acknowledge the precious work of our COP Partners, especially (listed in alphabetical order): Anika Holterhof and Steven Malby, United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) Anjan Bose, ECPAT International Ellen Blackler, The Walt Disney Company Francesca Bosco, United Nations Interregional Crime and Justice Research Institute (UNICRI) Julian Coles (BBC) and Giacomo Mazzone, European Broadcasting Union (EBU) Kim Sanchez, Microsoft Corporation Martin Schmalzried, Confederation of Family Organizations in the European Union (COFACE) Myla Pilao, Trend Micro Paul Cording, Vodafone Group Robert Shilling and Mick Moran, Interpol Roberto Masotti, Emanuela Negro, and Lara Campodonico, Telecom Italia Sandra Marchenko, International Centre for Missing and Exploited Children (ICMEC) Susie Hargreaves and Fred Langford, Internet Watch Foundation (IWF)Finally, ITU and UNICEF thank the wide range of stakeholders who contributed to the development of the content during the openconsultation held in December 2013.
1ForewordThe explosion of information and communication technology has created unprecedented opportunities for children andyoung people to communicate, connect, share, learn, access information and express their opinions on matters that affecttheir lives and their communities. But wider and more easily available access to the Internet and mobile technology also posessignificant challenges to children’s safety – both online and offline.To reduce the risks of the digital revolution while enabling more children and young people to reap its benefits, governments,civil society, local communities, international organizations and the private sector must come together in common purpose.The technology industry has a critical role to play in establishing the foundations for safer and more secure use of Internetbased services and other technologies – for today’s children and future generations. Businesses must put protecting childrenat the heart of their work, paying special attention to protecting the privacy of young users’ personal data, preserving theirright to freedom of expression, and putting systems in place to address violations of children’s rights when they occur. Wheredomestic laws have not yet caught up with international law, business has an opportunity – and the responsibility – to bringtheir business practices in line with those standards.These new Guidelines for Industry on Child Online Protection provide a framework for the increasingly broad range ofcompanies that develop, provide or make use of information and communication technologies in the delivery of their productsand services. Such companies are especially well positioned to drive innovative solutions, creating digital platforms that canexpand educational opportunities and enable children and young people both to engage in the civic life of their communitiesto become truly global citizens.Local and national initiatives are critical, and we look forward to collaborating on complementary guidelines for governmentsthat address the formulation, implementation, management and monitoring of Country Action Plans to strengthen child onlineprotection.The Internet knows no boundaries, and our efforts to protect children must be ambitious and far-ranging. We are gratefulto our partners in the Child Online Protection (COP) Initiative and other organizations participating in the open consultationprocess for their invaluable support in developing these guidelines. We look forward to working with our partners in everysector to make child online protection a priority. And we hope these new Child Online Protection Guidelines will help create asafer and more secure world for all.Dr Hamadoun I. TouréMr. Anthony LakeSecretary-GeneralExecutive DirectorITUUNICEF
2 UNICEF/NYHQ2011-2000/LeMoyne
3ContentsPart 1. Introduction, key areas and general guidelines.41.1. Purpose.41.2. Background.51.3. Five key areas for protecting and promoting children’s rights.61.4. General guidelines for all related industry. 1 1Part 2. Sector-Specific Checklists. 1 42.1. Mobile operators. 1 42.2. Internet service providers. 1 72.3. Content providers, online retailers and app developers. 2 02.4. User-generated content, interactive and social media service providers. 2 22.5. National and public service broadcasting. 2 52.6. Hardware manufacturers, operating system developers and app stores. 2 7Glossary . 2 9
4PART 1Introduction, key areasand general guidelines1.1. PurposeThe Child Online Protection (COP) Initiative is a multi-stakeholder network launchedby the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) to promote awareness of childsafety in the online world and to develop practical tools to assist governments,industry and educators.1 As part of the initiative, in 2009, ITU published a set of COPGuidelines for four groups: children; parents, guardians and educators; industry;and policymakers. The Guidelines for Industry on Child Online Protection are aimedat establishing the foundation for safer and more secure use of Internet-basedservices and associated technologies for today’s children and future generations. Inresponse to substantial advances in technology and convergence, ITU, UNICEF andthe COP partners have developed and updated the Guidelines for the broad rangeof companies that develop, provide or make use of telecommunications or relatedactivities in the delivery of their products and services.The new Guidelines for Industry on Child Online Protection are the result ofconsultations with members of the COP Initiative, as well as a wider open consultationthat invited members of civil society, business, academia, governments, media,international organizations and young people to provide feedback on the Guidelines.The Guidelines apply to the safety of children when using information andcommunication technologies (ICTs). They provide advice on how industry can workto help ensure children’s safety when using the Internet or any of the associatedtechnologies or devices that can connect to it, including mobile phones and gameconsoles. The purpose of this document is to: Establish a common reference point and guidance to the ICT and online industriesand relevant stakeholders. Provide guidance to companies on identifying, preventing and mitigating anyadverse impacts of their products and services on children’s rights. Provide guidance to companies on identifying ways in which they can promotechildren’s rights and responsible digital citizenship among children. Suggest common principles to form the basis of national or regional commitmentsacross all related industries, while recognizing that different types of businesseswill use diverse implementation models.Part 1 offers general guidelines for industry on protecting children’s safety whenusing information and communication technologies, along with recommendationsfor promoting positive ICT use, including responsible digital citizenship amongchildren.Part 2 offers sector-specific checklists that recommend actions to respect andsupport children’s rights for the following sectors: Mobile operators Internet service providers Content providers, online retailers and applications (app) developers User-generated content, interactive and social media service providers National and public service broadcasters Hardware manufacturers, operating system developers and app stores. UNICEF/BANA2014-00354/Mawa1. For more information, see, ITU ‘Child Online Protection’, www.itu.int/cop.
51.2. BackgroundDuring the past 25 years, new information and communication technologies haveprofoundly changed the ways in which children interact with and participate in theworld around them. The proliferation of Internet access points, mobile technologyand the growing array of Internet-enabled devices – combined with the immenseresources to be found in cyberspace – provide unprecedented opportunities to learn,share and communicate.The benefits of ICT usage include broader access to information about socialservices, educational resources and health information. As children and families usethe Internet and mobile phones to seek information and assistance, and to reportincidents of abuse, these technologies can help protect children from violence andexploitation. Information and communication technologies are also used to gatherand transmit data by child protection service providers, facilitating, for example,birth registration, case management, family tracing, data collection and mapping ofviolence. Moreover, the Internet has increased access to information in all cornersof the globe, offering children and young people the ability to research almost anysubject of interest, access worldwide media, pursue vocational prospects andharness ideas for the future.ICT usage empowers children to assert their rights and express their opinions, and itprovides multiple ways to connect and communicate with their families and friends.In addition, information and communication technologies serve as a major mode ofcultural exchange and a source of entertainment.Despite the profound benefits of the Internet, children can also face a number ofrisks when using ICTs. Children can be exposed to inappropriate content for their ageor to inappropriate contact, including from potential perpetrators of sexual abuse.They can suffer reputational damage associated with publishing sensitive personalinformation either online or through ‘sexting’, having failed to fully comprehend theimplications for themselves and others of their long-term ‘digital footprints’.Children may be unaware of the short- and long-term consequences of engaging inrisky or inappropriate behaviours that create negative repercussions for others andthemselves. They also face risks related to online privacy in terms of data collectionand usage and the collection of location information.The Convention on the Rights of the Child, which is the most widely ratifiedinternational human rights treaty, sets out the civil, political, economic, social, andcultural rights of children.2 It establishes that all children have a right to education;to leisure, play and culture; to obtain appropriate information; to freedom of thoughtand expression; to privacy and to express their views on matters that affect themin accordance with their evolving capacities. The Convention also protects childrenfrom all forms of violence, exploitation and abuse and discrimination of any kindand ensures that the child’s best interest should be the primary consideration in anymatters affecting them. Parents, caregivers, teachers and people in the community,including community leaders and a range of civil society actors, have the responsibilityto nurture and support children in their passage to adulthood. Governments havethe ultimate responsibility to ensure that parents, caregivers, teachers, communityleaders and civil society actors may fulfil this role. Private sector actors, including theICT industry, also have a key responsibility to fulfil children’s rights.Building on the United Nations Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights,3 theChildren’s Rights and Business Principles call on businesses to meet their responsibilityto respect children’s rights by avoiding any adverse impacts linked to their operations,2. United Nations, Convention on the Rights of the Child, New York, 20 November 1989, px. All but three countries – Somalia, South Sudan and the United States – have ratified the Convention on theRights of the Child.3. For more information and to access the full United Nations Guiding Principles document, see rtal/Home. UNICEF/BANA2014-00354/Mawa
6Integrating childrights considerationsinto all appropriatecorporate policies andmanagementprocesses1.Developing standardprocesses to handlechild sexual abusematerial2.Creating a safer andage-appropriateonline environment3.Educating children,parents and teachersabout children’ssafety and theirresponsibleuse of ICTs4.Promoting digitaltechnology as amode forincreasing civicengagement5.products or services. The Principles also articulate the difference between respect –the minimum required of business to avoid causing harm to children – and support, forexample, by taking voluntary actions that seek to advance the realization of children’srights.When it comes to protecting children’s rights online, businesses have to strike acareful balance between children’s right to protection and their right to access toinformation and freedom of expression. Therefore companies must ensure thatmeasures to protect children online are targeted and are not unduly restrictive, eitherfor the child or other users. Moreover, there is growing consensus in relation to theimportance of industry proactively promoting digital citizenship among children anddeveloping products and platforms that facilitate children’s positive use of ICTs.Traditional distinctions between different parts of the telecommunications andmobile phone industries, and between Internet companies and broadcasters, arefast breaking down or becoming irrelevant. Convergence is drawing these previouslydisparate digital streams into a single current that is reaching billions of peoplein all parts of the world. Cooperation and partnership are the keys to establishingthe foundations for safer and more secure use of the Internet and associatedtechnologies. Government, the private sector, policymakers, educators, civil society,parents and caregivers each have a vital role in achieving this goal. Industry can actin five key areas, as described in section 1.3.1.3. Five key areas for protectingand promoting children’s rightsThis section outlines five key areas where companies can take actions to protectchildren’s safety when using ICTs and promote their positive use of ICTs.1. Integrating child rights considerations into all appropriatecorporate policies and management processesIntegrating child rights considerations requires that companies take adequatemeasures to identify, prevent, mitigate and, where appropriate, remediate potentialand actual adverse impacts on children’s rights. The United Nations GuidingPrinciples on Business and Human Rights call on all businesses to put in placeappropriate policies and processes to meet their responsibility to respect humanrights.Businesses should pay special attention to children and youth as a vulnerable groupin regards to data protection and freedom of expression. The United Nations GeneralAssembly Resolution, “The right to privacy in the digital age” reaffirms the right toprivacy and freedom of expression without being subjected to unlawful interference.4,5Additionally, the Human Rights Council Resolution on “The promotion, protection andenjoyment of human rights on the Internet”, recognizes the global and open natureof the Internet as a driving force in accelerating progress towards developmentand affirms the same rights people have offline must also be protected online.6 InStates which lack adequate legal frameworks for the protection of children’s rightsto privacy and freedom of expression, companies should follow enhanced duediligence to ensure policies and practices are in line with international law. As youth4. United Nations General Assembly Resolution, “The right to privacy in the digital age”, A/RES/68/167, www.un.org/en/ga/search/view doc.asp?symbol A/RES/68/1675. United Nations Human Rights Council “Report of the Special Rapporteur on the promotion and protection of the right tofreedom of opinion and expression, Frank La Rue”, sion/A.HRC.17.27en.pdf6. United Nations Human Rights Council Resolution, “The promotion, protection and enjoyment of human rights on the Internet”,A/HRC/20/L.13, /10/PDF/G1214710.pdf?OpenElement
7civic engagement continues to increase through online communications, companieshave a responsibility to respect children’s rights, even where domestic laws ha
This publication was developed through a consultative process led by the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) and UNICEF and benefited from the expertise of a wide range of contributors from leading institutions active in the information and communications technologies (ICT) sector and on child online safety issues. UNICEF Corporate Social Responsibility Unit: Amaya Gorostiaga, Eija .
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