Animal Science - Scouting Event

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Animal ScienceMerit Badge WorkbookThis workbook can help you but you still need to read the merit badge pamphlet.This Workbook can help you organize your thoughts as you prepare to meet with your merit badge counselor.You still must satisfy your counselor that you can demonstrate each skill and have learned the information.You should use the work space provided for each requirement to keep track of which requirements have been completed,and to make notes for discussing the item with your counselor, not for providing full and complete answers.If a requirement says that you must take an action using words such as "discuss", "show","tell", "explain", "demonstrate", "identify", etc, that is what you must do.Merit Badge Counselors may not require the use of this or any similar workbooks.No one may add or subtract from the official requirements found in Scouts BSA Requirements (Pub. 33216 – SKU 653801).The requirements were last issued or revised in 2020 This workbook was updated in June 2020.Scout’s Name:Unit:Counselor’s Name: Phone No.: Email:http://www.USScouts.Org http://www.MeritBadge.OrgPlease submit errors, omissions, comments or suggestions about this workbook to: Workbooks@USScouts.OrgComments or suggestions for changes to the requirements for the merit badge should be sent to: Merit.Badge@Scouting.Org1. Name four breeds of livestock in each of the following classifications: horses, dairy cattle, beef cattle, sheep, hogs. Tell theirprincipal uses and merits. Tell where the breeds originated.HorsesBreedPrincipal uses and merits.Where the breed originated.Workbook Copyright 2020 - U.S. Scouting Service Project, Inc. - All Rights ReservedRequirements Copyright, Boy Scouts of America (Used with permission.)This workbook may be reproduced and used locally by Scouts and Scouters for purposes consistent with the programs of the BoyScouts of America (BSA), the World Organization of the Scout Movement (WOSM) or other Scouting and Guiding Organizations.However it may NOT be used or reproduced for electronic redistribution or for commercial or other non-Scouting purposes withoutthe express permission of the U. S. Scouting Service Project, Inc. (USSSP).

Animal ScienceScout's Name:Dairy cattle:BreedPrincipal uses and merits.Where the breed originated.Beef cattle:BreedPrincipal uses and merits.Where the breed originated.Animal Science - Merit Badge WorkbookPage. 2 of 1

Animal ScienceSheep:BreedScout's Name:Principal uses and merits.Where the breed originated.Principal uses and merits.Where the breed originated.Hogs:BreedAnimal Science - Merit Badge WorkbookPage. 3 of 1

Animal ScienceScout's Name:2. List five diseases in each of the classifications in requirement 1. Also list five diseases of poultry. Describe the symptoms ofeach disease and explain how each is contracted and how it could be prevented.HorsesDiseaseSymptomsHow it’s contractedHow it’s preventedSymptomsHow it’s contractedHow it’s preventedDairy cattle:DiseaseAnimal Science - Merit Badge WorkbookPage. 4 of 1

Animal ScienceScout's Name:Beef cattle:DiseaseSymptomsHow it’s contractedHow it’s preventedSymptomsHow it’s contractedHow it’s preventedSheep:DiseaseAnimal Science - Merit Badge WorkbookPage. 5 of 1

Animal ScienceScout's Name:Hogs:DiseaseSymptomsHow it’s contractedHow it’s preventedSymptomsHow it’s contractedHow it’s preventedPoultry:DiseaseAnimal Science - Merit Badge WorkbookPage. 6 of 1

Animal ScienceScout's Name:3. Explain the differences in digestive systems of ruminants, horses, pigs, and poultry.RuminantsHorsesPigsPoultryExplain how the difference structure and function among these types of digestive tracts affect the nutritionalmanagement of these species.RuminantsHorsesPigsPoultryAnimal Science - Merit Badge WorkbookPage. 7 of 1

Animal ScienceScout's Name:4. Select one type of animal - c beef cow, c dairy cow, c horse, c sheep, c goat, or c hog, or a c poultry flock – andtell how you would properly manage it. Include in your discussion nutritional (feeding) concerns, housing, diseaseprevention, waste control/removal, breeding programs, and biosecurity as appropriate.Nutritional (feeding)concerns:Housing:Disease prevention:Waste control/removal:Breeding programsBiosecurity5. Explain the importance of setting clear goals for any animal breeding program.Animal Science - Merit Badge WorkbookPage 8 of 12

Animal ScienceScout's Name:Tell how purebred lines of animals are produced.Explain the practice of crossbreeding and the value of this practice.Practice:Value:6. Complete ONE of the following options: (Use blank pages for any notes or written answers for any of these options)c BEEF CATTLE OPTIONc a. Visit a farm or ranch where beef cattle are produced under any of these systems:c 1. Feeding market cattle for harvest;c 2. Cow/calf operation, producing feeder cattle for sale to commercial cattle feeders;c 3. Producing purebred cattle for sale as breeding stock to others. Talk with the operator to learn how thecattle were handled, fed, weighed, and shipped. Describe what you saw and explain what youlearned. If you cannot visit a cattle ranch or farm, view a video from a breed association, or researchthe Internet (with your parent's permission) for information on beef cattle production. Tell about yourfindings.c b. Sketch a plan of a feedlot to include its forage and grain storage facilities, and loading chute for 30 or morefattening steers, or sketch a corral plan with cutting and loading chutes for handling 50 or more beef cows andtheir calves at one time.c c. Make a sketch showing the principal wholesale and retail cuts of beef. Tell about the U.S. Department ofAgriculture (USDA. dual grading system of beef. Tell the basis of each grade in each system.c d. Define the following terms: bull, steer, bullock, cow, heifer, freemartin, heiferette, calf.Animal Science - Merit Badge WorkbookPage 9 of 12

Animal ScienceScout's Name:c DAIRYING OPTIONc a. Tell how a cow or a goat converts forage and grain into milk. Explain the differences in feeds typically used fordairy cows versus those fed to beef cows.c b. Make a chart showing the ingredients in cows' milk or goat's milk. Chart the amount of each ingredient.c c. Explain the requirements for producing grade A milk. Tell how and why milk is pasteurized.c d. Tell about the kinds of equipment used for milking and the sanitation standards that must be met for dairyfarms.c e. Define the following terms: bull, cow, steer, heifer, springer, buck, doe, kid.c f. Visit a dairy farm or a milk processing plant. Describe what you saw and explain what you learned. If youcannot visit a dairy farm or processing plant, view a video from a breed or dairy association, or research theInternet (with your parent's permission) for information on dairying. Tell about your findings.c HORSE OPTIONc a. Make a sketch of a useful saddle horse barn and exercise yard.c b. Tell about the history of the horse and the benefits it has brought to people. Using the four breeds of horsesyou chose in requirement 1, discuss the different special uses of each breed.c c. Define the following terms: mare, stallion, gelding, foal, colt, filly; mustang, quarter horse, draft horse, pacer,trotter; pinto, calico, palomino, roan, overo, tobiano.c d. Visit a horse farm. Describe what you saw and explain what you learned. If you cannot visit a horse farm, viewa video from a breed association, or research the Internet (with your parent's permission) for information onhorses. Tell about your findings.c e. Outline the proper feeding of a horse doing light work. Explain why the amount and kind of feed will changeaccording to the kind of horse and the work it does. Describe what colic is, what can cause it, and itssymptoms.c SHEEP OPTIONc a. Make a sketch of a live lamb. Show the location of the various wholesale and retail cuts.c b. Discuss how wools are sorted and graded.c c. Do ONE of the following:c 1. Raise a lamb from weaning to market weight. Keep records of feed intake, weight gains, medication,vaccination, and mortality. Present your records to your counselor for review.c 2. Visit a farm or ranch where sheep are raised. Describe what you saw and explain what you learned. Ifyou cannot visit a sheep farm or ranch, view a video from a breed association, or research the Internet(with your parent's permission) for information on sheep. Tell about your findings.c d. Describe some differences between the production of purebred and commercial lambs. Then select two breedsthat would be appropriate for the production of crossbred market lambs in your region. Identify which breed theram should be.c e. Define the following terms: wether, ewe, ram, lamb.c HOG OPTIONc a. Make a sketch showing the principal wholesale and retail cuts of pork. Tell about the recommended USDAgrades of pork. Tell the basis for each grade.c b. Outline in writing the proper feeding programs used from the breeding of a gilt or sow through the weaning ofthe litter. Discuss the growth and finishing periods from the breeding of a gilt or sow through the weaning of thelitter. Discuss the feeding programs for the growth and finishing periods.c c. Do ONE of the following:c 1. Raise a feeder pig from weaning to market weight. Keep records of feed intake, weight gains,medication, vaccination, and mortality. Present your records to your counselor for review.c 2. Visit a farm where hogs are produced, or visit a packing plant handling hogs. Describe what you sawand explain what you learned. If you cannot visit a hog production unit or packing plant, view a videoAnimal Science - Merit Badge WorkbookPage 10 of 12

Animal ScienceScout's Name:from a packer or processor, or research the Internet (with your parent's permission) for information onhogs. Tell about your findings. d. Define the following terms: gilt, sow, barrow, boar. AVIAN OPTION a. Make a sketch of a layer house or broiler house showing nests, roosts, feeders, waterers, and means ofventilation. Explain how insulation, ventilation, temperature controls, automatic lights, and other environmentalcontrols are used to protect birds from heat, cold, and bad weather. b. Explain why overcrowding is dangerous for poultry flocks. c. Tell about the grading of eggs. Tell how broilers (fryers) are graded. Describe the classes of chicken meat. d. Do ONE of the following: 1. Manage an egg-producing flock for five months. Keep records of feed purchased, eggs sold,medication, vaccination, and mortality. Present your records to your counselor for review. 2. Raise five chickens from hatching. Keep records of feed intake, weight gains, medication, vaccination,and mortality. Present your records to your counselor for review. 3. Visit a commercial avian production facility. Describe what you saw and explain what you learned. Ifyou cannot visit a commercial facility, view a video from a poultry association, or research the Internet(with your parent's permission) for information on poultry production. Tell about your findings. e. Define the following terms: hen, rooster, chick, capon; tom, poult.HenRoosterChickCaponTomPoult7. Find out about three career opportunities in animal science.1.2.3.Animal Science - Merit Badge WorkbookPage 11 of 12

Animal ScienceScout's Name:Pick one and explain how to prepare for such a career.Discuss with your counselor what education and training are required, and explain why this profession might interest you.EducationTrainingWhy this profession might interest you.When working on merit badges, Scouts and Scouters should be aware of some vital information in the current edition ofthe Guide to Advancement (BSA publication 33088).Important excerpts from that publication can be downloaded meritbadges.pdf.You can download a complete copy of the Guide to Advancement from imal Science - Merit Badge WorkbookPage 12 of 12

Animal Science Scout's Name: _ Animal Science - Merit Badge Workbook Page 12 of 12 Pick one and explain how to prepare for such a career. Discuss with your counselor what education and training are required, and explain why this profession might interest you. Education Training Why this profession might interest you.

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