The 3 Branches Of Government - Mesa Public Schools

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The Three Branches ofGovernmentWhy is the power ofgovernment separated intothree branches?

The Legislative Branch

The Legislative Branch Congress Makesthe Laws Congress is made up of theHouse of Representatives andthe Senate

Senate There are two senators from each state no matterwhat the size of the state or the population

House of Representatives The number of representatives a state sends tocongress varies according to the population ofthe state.

Powers of the Legislative Branch Make lawsDeclare warApprove treatiesApprove presidential appointmentsImpeachOverride vetoes

RISE AND SHINE!Who makes laws for the national government?How many representatives does each state have in theHouse of Representatives?How many representatives does each state have in theSenate?Give an example of a law Congress might make.Who makes laws for the state?Give an example of a law the state legislature might make.Who makes laws for the city?Give an example of a law the city council might make.

How a Bill Becomes A Law

CommitteeHearingsCommitteeHearingsIntro in House orSenateFloor for a voteFloor for a voteYesYesSign into lawNo Veto

How a Bill Becomes a Law Bill is introduced in either the House orSenateIt is sent to a committee for studyIf it is not killed by the committee, it issent to the floor to be acted uponAfter debate the Congressmen in thathouse may pass the bill in which case it issent to the other house for approval

How a Bill Becomes a Law If the two houses pass different versions of thesame bill, it goes to a conference committee towork out a compromise on the differences.The bill then goes back to the two houses for avote.When both houses pass the exact same bill, it issent to the President for his signature.If he signs it, it becomes a law.

How a Bill Becomes a Law The president may choose to veto it.If he vetoes it, it is sent back to the Housein Congress where it started with a list ofhis/her objections.It may still become a law if both housespass it with a 2/3rds majority

CommitteeHearingsCommitteeHearingsIntro in House orSenateFloor for a voteFloor for a voteYesYesSign into lawNo Veto

PAIR SHAREExplain the steps a bill goes through before itbecomes a law.When a bill is introduced into Congress wheredoes it go first?What happens if the Senate and the House passdifferent versions of a bill?What is the principle that helps prevent abuse ofpower by dividing government into differentbranches?

Executive Branch

The Executive Branch The President is thehead of the executivebranchHe has advisors whowork closely with himcalled the Cabinet.

The President’s Cabinet The cabinet is a group of presidentialadvisers that includes the heads of the 15top-level executive departments.The head of the Department of Justice iscalled the Attorney General; all otherdepartment heads are called secretaries

Powers of the Executive Branch Enforce lawsNegotiate TreatiesAppoint government officialsSign or veto lawsThis branch is given the power to enforcethe laws.

The Executive Branch ChecksThe Legislative Branch The president checks on the LegislativeBranch by signing or vetoing billsCongress has passed.If he/she vetoes the bill, it is very unlikelyit will become a law. A 2/3rds vote ofCongress to override a veto is very difficultto get.

Judicial Branch

The Judicial Branch The Supreme Court is the head of the Judicial BranchThere are 9 justices on the Supreme CourtThe Judicial Branch Checks on the other BranchesJudicial Review The court has the power to determine whether a law is constitutional or not. If thelaw is unconstitutional it can not be enforced. The Supreme Court has the power to determine if a government officials actions areConstitutional or not

Powers of the Judicial Branch It is given the powerto Interpret the lawJudicial Review - TheJudicial Branch checkson the other branches

Pair Share What principle is each branch of the governmentbeing able to overrule the other branches?Who has to sign a bill Congress passes for it tobecome a law?Who has to sign a bill the state legislaturepasses for it to become a state law? How canthe president stop a bill from becoming a law?How can Congress check on this power of thepresident?

What percentage of both houses ofCongress does it take to override a veto?What is impeachment?What branch of government has thepower of impeachment?What branch has the power to declarelaws unconstitutional?

Interpreting the LawMarbury V. Madison In his last days as president, John Adamsappointed many people as judges in federalcourts.Some of the commissions or appointments werenot delivered, including those of some Justicesof the Peace in Washington, D.C.When Thomas Jefferson, who was a bitterenemy of Adams found them, he threw themaway.

Interpreting the LawMarbury V. Madison Some of the men who had been appointedwent to the Supreme Court and suedJames Madison, who was the Secretary ofState, demanding their commissions.The Supreme Court ruled that they had nojurisdiction because the Constitution saysthe case should have started in a lowercourt.

Interpreting the LawMarbury V. Madison They also ruled that the law that gavethem jurisdiction was unconstitutionalbecause it conflicted with the Constitution.Significance: By declaring the lawunconstitutional, the court established theidea of judicial review, which means thatcourts have the power to declare lawsunconstitutional.

Rise and ShineWhy is the case Marbury V. Madsenimportant today?Explain judicial review

Interpreting the LawGideon v. Wainwright Gideon v. Wainwright is a case where aman named Gideon was accused ofbreaking and entering.He asked for a state appointed attorneybecause he could not afford one.The state refused to give him one.He was found guilty and sent to prison.

Gideon v. Wainwright While in prison he wrote an appeal to thesupreme court saying that according to the sixthamendment it was unconstitutional for him tohave been tried without a lawyer.The court agreed with Gideon. He was retriedwith a lawyer and found not guilty.Significance: Because of this case, each court isrequired to provide a lawyer free of charge if theaccused cannot afford one.

PAIR SHAREExplain what happened in the Gideon V.Wainwright CaseHow did the case change the law?

Interpreting the LawMiranda v. Arizona Miranda was accused of raping a girl in Phoenix,Arizona. When the police questioned him, heconfessed to the crime.He was found guilty and sentenced to prison.He appealed his conviction on the grounds thatthe police should have told him that he did nothave to testify against himself. (5th amendment)

Miranda V. Arizona The court agreed with Miranda. They said itwas unconstitutional for the police to questionhim without explaining his right to remain silent.Miranda was retried without his confession andfound guilty.Significance: Because the first case was thrownout, Police now have to read a suspect theirrights when they take them into custody

PAIR SHAREExplain what happened in the Miranda CaseHow did the case change the law?

Juvenile’s RightsJuveniles who are accused ofa crime have most of the samerights as adults; however, theydo not have the right to a jurytrial, or the right to bail.

PAIR SHAREWhat rights do adults have but juveniles donot?What checks do the Judicial Branch have onthe other branches?What principle says there a thingsgovernment can not do?What are some things government can’t do?

What idea comes from the case ofMarbury v. Madison?What idea comes from the case of Gideonv. Wainwright?What idea comes from the case ofMiranda v. Arzona?

The Judicial Branch The Supreme Court is the head of the Judicial Branch There are 9 justices on the Supreme Court The Judicial Branch Checks on the other Branches Judicial Review The court has the power to determine whether a law is c

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