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Pilchuck River Dissolved Oxygen and Temperature TMDLPublic Workshop – October 29, 20201Welcome!Move cursor to bottom of your screen toshow Webex controls.2Select “Connect to Audio” icon.We will get started soon.3Please connect your audiousing steps 1, 2, and 3ChooseAudioConnectionA. Use computer for audio.B. Call me at (enter your phone number). AWe will do a sound check shortly.3 OptionsBCEnter YOUR phone #WebEx calls you. You listen through your phoneC. Call in (using your phone). Call toll free: 855-929-3239Enter meeting code: 133 093 2807

How to ParticipateYou can ask questionsvia the chat functionYou can also ask questions byraising your hand so we canunmute you to participateWe ask that you:1. State your name first before speaking.2. Mute your audio unless speaking.3. Lower your hand when you are donespeakingClick on thissymbolto “raise yourhand”Image icons : Garcia Gallego (questions) and Adrien Coquet (presenter) from Noun project2

Use respectful language Direct all input to EcologyWorkshopGround Rules Hang up webinar audio beforeaccepting another phone call.Hold music will interrupt thepresentation otherwise.3

Hello! Who’s here today?Heather KhanPresentingJessica HuybregtsFacilitatingTricia ShoblomFacilitating

Pilchuck River Temperature and Dissolved OxygenTMDL: Water Quality Improvement PlanHeather Khan, Water Clean-up LeadPublic WorkshopOctober 29, 2020

12Today’sOverview345TMDL 101Introduction to the TMDL processBackgroundAbout land use, the impairments and permitted sourcesStudies and Major FindingsAbout Temperature, Dissolved Oxygen and StreamflowKey StrategiesActivities needed to improve impairmentsNext Steps and Q&ASchedule, eComments, and Q&A

What is a TMDL?TMDL or Total Maximum Daily Load the maximum input of apollutant that still allows a water body to meet standards.Set limits:Wasteload allocations (WLA) load allocations (LA) margin ofsafety reserve for growth loading capacity7

Point Source - WLA Granite Falls WWTP 9 sand and gravel permits Stormwater Permits 5 municipal SW permits(NPDES) 1 transportation (WSDOT) 3 industrial general permits construction SW generalpermitsDefiningPollutionNonpoint Source - LA Diffuse sources Tributaries Solar-radiation

TMDL ProcessRoadmap to cleanwater thatdocuments thescience.Scope for WaterQuality study basedon 303d listConduct WaterQuality StudyMonitor Progressand Use AdaptiveManagementDraft Water QualityImprovement Reportand ImplementationPlanPut Plan into Action!Convene AdvisoryGroupPublic CommentEPA Approval9

What laws support TMDLs?Clean Water Act 1972 (CWA) – EPA - authorized to implement pollution controlprogram. EPA – “States make your waters fishable and swimmable ”Washington’s Water Pollution Control Act (aka RCW 90.48) – gave Ecologyauthority to carry out provisions of CWA.Federal law requires TMDLs be prepared for impaired waters. 40 CFR § 130.7 (c)(1)(ii) 40 CFR 122.44(d)(1)(vii)(B)Chapter 173-201A WAC – Water Quality Standards10

Water Quality Assessment (Categories)Category 1: Good water qualityCategory 2: Water of concernCategory 3: Not enough dataCategory 4: Impaired, yet has a plan4a: Has TMDL4b: Local pollution control plan4c: Impaired by non pollutantCategory 5: Segment is polluted and on303(d) list11

Water Quality Standards (WQS)1) Beneficial Uses: Aquatic Life Use – salmonid, char, shellfish– bacteria (primary, secondary contact) Recreational Use Water Supply Use – domestic, industrial, agricultural, stock watering Miscellaneous Use – wildlife habitat, fish harvesting, commerce & navigation, boating, aesthetics2) Criteria: Narrative (set limits through non-numeric statements) – e.g. natural conditionsNumeric (set numeric limits for conventional and toxic pollutants)3) Antidegradation policy: Restore and maintain highest possible quality of surface waters.12

TemperatureAbove Boulder – Char Spawning &Rearing 12 C 7-DADMaxBelow Boulder – Core SummerSalmonid Habitat (June 15-Sept 15) 16 C – 7DADMaxDissolved Oxygen 9.5 mg/L – 1 D-min13

Wait more on WQS! More stringent temperature criteria - targeting salmonidpopulations who spawn and incubate in the stream bed in latespring to early fall. In the case of the Pilchuck River .7DADmax - 13 C – February 15 – June 1514

BackgroundLand use, listings, permitted point sources

Land Use16

Land Use17

303-d Listings(Category 5)18

PermittedPoint Sources19

Studies and Major Findings2012, 2014, 2016 studies and results

How shaded isthe river?2012 StudyWhat is the heightand density of thecurrent vegetation?

Shade Needed22

Continuous TemperatureResults23

Dissolved Oxygen Results24

2014 and 2016Studies Cold water refuge surveyPiezometer samplingContinuous temp monitoringChannel depth and pool mappingDye survey25

Cold WaterRefuge 20 Potential CWR (plusone near RM 13 noted bySnohomish County)26

Model/Toolsfor Temp/DOTMDLs Ttools for ArcGISShade ModelRMAKinematic flow routingEcologydepth floatsurveys; dyestudyEcologyWater QualityTime SeriesDataTtools(ArcGIS)Channelgeometry; modelsegmentationTopographicshade, riparianvegetation codes,etc.ShadeModelEcologyDiscrete DataRMAUSGS FlowTimes SeriesDataExternalTime SeriesWeather DataConstructedTime imentoxygendemandQUAL2Kw V6 –Dynamic Water Quality Model withkinematic flow els-tools-for-TMDLs27

ImportantFindingsCore Summer Salmonid Criterion28

EstimatingwaterwithdrawalimpactsAUGUST NET BASEFLOW LOSS (CFS) -BY USESand and GravelStock WateringIndoor DomesticUseOutdoor 29

AUGUST NET BASEFLOW LOSS (CFS) -BY BASINEstimatingwaterwithdrawalimpactsSnohomish, 1.04, 7%Menzel, 1.74, 12%Three Lakes, 0.80, 6%Dubuque, 0.07, 0%Granite Falls, 2.83, 19%Little Pilchuck, 6.03, 42%Lochsloy, 1.07, 7%Machias, 0.95, 7%30

Stream Flow Restoration NeededBaseflow loss To meet WQ standards ( 0.3 C humanimpact) Mainstem Pilchuck (exclude LPC)̶Restore 5.1 cfs of baseflow (Aug)̶(60% of the 8.5 cfs lost) Restore a total of 9.6 cfs of baseflow(Aug)0.60.5ANTHROPOGENIC TEMPERATURE IMPACT ( C) Little Pilchuck Creek̶Restore 4.5 cfs of baseflow (Aug)̶(75% of the 6 cfs lost)Max Allowable Impact0.40.30.20.10282624222018161412RIVER MILE108642031

Stream Flow Restoration NeededTMDL w/ baseflow restorationMax Allowable Impact0.60.5ANTHROPOGENIC TEMPERATURE IMPACT ( C) To meet WQ standards ( 0.3 Chuman impact) Little Pilchuck Creek̶Restore 4.5 cfs of baseflow(Aug)̶(75% of the 6 cfs lost) Mainstem Pilchuck (exclude LPC)̶Restore 5.1 cfs of baseflow(Aug)̶(60% of the 8.5 cfs lost) Restore a total of 9.6 cfs of baseflow(Aug)Baseflow loss0.40.30.20.10282624222018161412RIVER MILE108642032

Key StrategiesWhy this matters, strategies

Why does Temperature and DO Matter? Cold water holds more oxygen. Salmonids have less food in warmer water. Warmer water affects body processes insalmonids.Why do we care about summer flows?̶̶̶̶Less water available during summer months.Less water heats up more quickly – less areafor fish to goHigher water temperatures lower dissolvedoxygen levelsFish need clean cool water to survive.Bull Trout34

Plant Trees125’ tall trees; 85% density and 180’ buffer(mainstem)What Needs to beDone?Restore/Enhance Natural RiverProcessesCold water refuge, floodplain/side channelreconnection, wetland restorationIncrease Summer FlowsWater conservation, stormwater facilities,impoundments35

“Pollution, Pollution,Tree in the Solution.”- Unknown180’ buffer includes trees thatshade the floodplain hyporheicflow path75’ buffershades gravelbar and some ofmain channel36

What FishWant37

What FishWant38

How do wecreate/expandcold water refuge?Graphic Source: Primer for Identifying Cold-Water Refuges to Protect and Restore ThermalDiversity in Riverine Landscapes Webinar – Togersen, Ebersole and sen etal 2012 cold water refuges.pdf39

How do we add water back? Clean up water rights(water master) Avoid new exemptwells New developmentuse imported waterPlanning Opportunistic buyoutof some agriculturalwater rights? Improveefficiency/timing Natural Yard CareIrrigation Wetlands Stormwater retrofits Impoundments Gravel miningStorage &InfilitrationFocus should be on Little Pilchuck Sub-basin

Imported Water vs Exempt Well Use If you added 10,000 new households to the Pilchuck watershed As exempt wells, up to ̶̶ 4.5 cfs of Aug baseflow loss̶̶ Indoor use only ̶ 1.7 cfs Aug baseflow lossAs imported water connections on septic, up to ̶ 2.6 cfs Aug baseflow gain41

Next Steps and Q&ASchedule, how to review and submit comments,Q&A

October 15-November 15, 2020Public Comment PeriodReceive comments from public on thedraft plan.ScheduleLate November 2020Response to CommentsCompile comments and response tocomments, then finalize documentEarly December 2020EPA SubmittalSubmit finalized document to EPA forapproval.43

How to Review the Draft Plan?Visit the French and Pilchuckwatersheds web page1 to view French-Creek-Pilchuck-watersheds#Here44

How do I submit comments?Use eComments Type comments intocomment box. Upload up to five, 30 MBfiles (pdf, .jpg, .jpeg, .png,.txt, .gif,.doc, or docx). Where possible, pleasereference page numbers orspecific sections of thePlan.45

Workshop AcknowledgementsJessica Huybregts – WebEx FacilitatorTricia Shoblom – WebEx FacilitatorCommunications TeamLarry AltoseLara HendersonStacy GalleherChanele HolbrookSupport TeamRalph SvrjcekNuri MathieuMarty JacobsonMichelle Quast46

Plan Acknowledgements47

Partnership Acknowledgments48

QuestionsContacts:Heather KhanWater Quality ProgramWater Clean-up Lead425-649-7003425-213-9832 (cell)heather.khan@ecy.wa.govNuri MathieuEnvironmental Assessment ProgramTechnical and Modeling Analysis Lead360-407-7359nuri.mathieu@ecy.wa.gov49

How to Participate during Q&AYou can ask questionsvia the chat functionYou can also ask questions byraising your hand so we canunmute you to participateWe ask that you:1. State your name first before speaking.2. Mute your audio unless speaking.3. Lower your hand when you are donespeakingClick on thissymbolto “raise yourhand”Image icons : Garcia Gallego (questions) and Adrien Coquet (presenter) from Noun project50

Final Remarks Written comments accepted until 11:59 p.m. on November 15, 2020. Use eComments to submit comments online (preferred). Or mail your comments (postmarked by November 15) to:Heather KhanWashington State Department of EcologyWater Quality Program3190 160th Avenue SEBellevue, WA 98008-5452 Questions or Discussion? Contact Heather Khan at 425-213-9832 orheather.khan@ecy.wa.gov.51

FishDistribution52

Oct 29, 2020 · Call toll free: 855-929-3239 Enter meeting code: 133 093 2807 3 A B C 3 Options Move cursor to bottom of your screen to show Webex controls. 1 Please connect your audio using steps 1, 2, and 3 We will do a sound check shortly. Welcome! We will get started soon.