FAO Policy On Gender Equality 2020 2030
FAOPOLICY ONGENDER EQUALITY2020–2030FAO POLICY ON GENDER EQUALITY 2020–2030a
FAOPOLICY ONGENDER EQUALITY2020–2030Food and Agriculture Organizationof the United NationsRome, 2020
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CONTENTSFOREWORD ivACRONYMS viINTRODUCTION 1RATIONALE 3FAO’S GENDER EQUALITY GOAL AND OBJECTIVES 5STRATEGY AND APPROACHES 11MINIMUM STANDARDS FOR GENDER MAINSTREAMING 12THEORY OF CHANGE 15ACCOUNTABILITY FRAMEWORK 16iii
FOREWORDI am honored to present the updated FAO Policy on Gender Equality, which willdrive the Organization’s work on gender equality and women’s empowermentover the next decade. Personally and as Director- General, I firmly standbehind the key message conveyed by this Policy: Achieving gender equalityin agriculture is critical to eradicating hunger, malnutrition and poverty.The launching of this Policy is very timely. The year 2020 is a pivotal yearfor advancing gender equality worldwide, as the global community takesstock of progress made for women’s rights since the adoption of the BeijingPlatform for Action in 1995. It will also mark the five-year milestone towardsachieving the Agenda 2030 and its Sustainable Development Goals.For FAO, the year 2020 is of special relevance when it comes to gender issues, asit is the first year of FAO’s first ever Women Committee being fully active. The FAOWomen Committee, which was established on the occasion of the Internationalday of Rural Women, 15 October 2019, provides an inclusive, safe space thatreflects the diverse and energetic nature of FAO’s female workforce.The volunteer-based committee consists of an impressive and wide array of FAOwomen from the agency’s Rome headquarters, as well as representatives fromits regional, liaison and country offices across the globe. The Committee aims toempower female employees, providing assistance through learning and extendingits reach by fostering friendships. The Committee is inclusive, enabling everyone toengage in promoting women’s political, economic, cultural and biological rights.At the same time, the Committee is a platform for dialogue with FAO Members onwomen’s issues. FAO’s vision is to highlight women’s vital contribution throughoutthe political, economic, cultural and family dimensions of agricultural and ruraldevelopment. The Organization is committed to work closely with its Membersin focusing on issues affecting women’s rights as well as providing support andexpertise in enhancing their contribution to rural and agricultural development.iv
The FAO Women Committee works in close collaboration with the other newly establishedFAO Committee, namely the Youth Committee in instilling a new positive, dynamic andinclusive dimension into the Organization’s daily life.The year 2020 is also an opportunity to take stock of achievements and persisting gaps, andto step up our commitment to promoting equitable food systems. Food systems that arecapable of providing sustainable livelihoods and healthy diets for all men, women, boysand girls, while protecting the resource base for future generations. The transformationof food systems that we are all striving for, can only be achieved by prioritizing the socialdimension and by adopting pro-poor, gender-transformative approaches that ensure equalopportunities for all. Special attention should be placed to overcoming the persistentgender inequalities that undermine rural women’s potential and increase their vulnerabilityto the social, economic and environmental challenges facing the agricultural sector.The Policy provides FAO with a vision and a shared framework of accountability for ourwork, collectively and individually, towards this goal. Building on lessons learned, the Policyunderlines that, in order to advance on the ambitious objectives it sets, FAO needs to gobeyond “business as usual”. We need to tackle the root causes of gender inequalities withboldness and determination. The Policy urges all of us to see women and men as equalpartners, not only in our work with Member States, but also within our own Organization.A successful implementation of the Policy means embracing innovation, fosteringpartnerships, leveraging impact, and enhancing the efficiency and effectiveness of FAO’smodus operandi. Our Organization is well aware that investing in rural women by enhancingtheir capacities, decision-making power and access to key resources, services andopportunities, is a winning strategy to accelerate progress towards rural development andfood security.A gender-equal world is the only way to achieve a world free from hunger and malnutrition.We all have a part to play and a lot to gain in making this happen.QU DongyuDirector-Generalv
ACRONYMSADGAssistant Director-GeneralBPfABeijing Platform for ActionCEDAW Convention on the Elimination ofAll Forms of Discrimination Against WomenCSHHuman Resources DivisionDDGDeputy Director-GeneralDGDirector-GeneralESAAgrifood Economics DivisionESSStatistics DivisionESPInclusive Rural Transformations and Gender Equity DivisionFAOFood and Agriculture Organization of the United NationsFAORFAO RepresentativeHRHuman ResourcesOCCOffice of CommunicationsOCSOffice of Chief StatisticianOEDOffice of EvaluationOIGOffice of the Inspector-GeneralOSGOffice of SDGsOSPOffice of Strategy, Planning and Resources ManagementPSRResource Mobilization and Private Sector Partnerships DivisionPSSProject Support DivisionPSTSouth-South and Triangular Cooperation DivisionRMResource MobilizationSDGsSustainable Development GoalsSOFAState of Food and Agriculture ReportUN-SWAP N System-Wide Action Plan on Gender EqualityUand the Empowerment of WomenTCPTechnical Cooperation Programmevi
INTRODUCTIONGender equality is essential to achieve FAO’smandate of a world free from hunger, malnutritionand poverty. The Organization recognizes thatpersisting inequalities between women and menare a major obstacle to agriculture and rural development and that eliminating these disparities isessential to building sustainable and inclusive foodsystems and resilient and peaceful societies.While remarkable progress has been made inadvancing gender equality, significant gaps remainto be addressed. As stated by the UN SecretaryGeneral in his message on International Women’sDay 2018, “achieving gender equality and empowering women and girls is the unfinished business ofour time, and the greatest human rights challengein our world”.FAO’s commitment to promote gender equalitystems from the intergovernmental mandate of theUnited Nations to promote and protect women’srights as fundamental human rights, as recognizedby the 1948 Universal Declaration of Human Rightsand the 1979 Convention on the Elimination of AllForms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW).The Convention is extremely relevant to FAO’smandate as Article 14 draws attention to the uniquesituation and needs of rural women, and bindsStates parties to take all appropriate measures toeliminate any form of discrimination that preventthem from benefiting equally from rural development. FAO’s efforts towards gender equality arealso guided by the commitments agreed upon inthe Beijing Declaration and Platform for Action(BPfA), which 25 years after its adoption remainsthe most progressive and ambitious blueprint forthe empowerment of women and girls.FAO POLICY ON GENDER EQUALITY 2020–2030Since 2015, FAO has aligned its work to the2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development,which provides the international communitywith a comprehensive framework to tackle globalchallenges, aiming to eradicate poverty, hungerand malnutrition, reduce multiple and intersectinginequalities, address climate change and sustainpeace. Building on the norms and commitmentscontained in the CEDAW and the BPfA, genderequality is very prominent throughout the 2030Agenda, both in the form of a stand-alone goal(Goal 5) and as a cross-cutting theme, with morethan 30 gender-related targets across the otherSDGs. The fundamental pledge to ‘leave no onebehind’, which is at the heart of the implementation of the SDGs, urges all partners, includingFAO, to address the underlying causes of genderinequality and to work in a way that ensuresequal opportunities through integrated andtransformative approaches.Thanks to the relentless efforts of women’s rightsadvocates from across the world, gender equality isincreasingly recognized as a building block towardssustainable development in a wide range of globalagreements and conventions that guide FAO’s workon agriculture, natural resources management andrural development for food security and nutrition.These include the United Nations Convention toCombat Desertification, recently complemented bya Gender Action Plan, and the 2016 Paris Agreement,adopted at the Conference of the Parties of theUN Framework Convention on Climate Change. Bothagreements highlight the important role women canplay in accelerating efforts to combat climate changeand land degradation. Gender equality also featuresprominently in several of the voluntary guidelines1
endorsed by the Committee on World Food Security,such as the Voluntary Guidelines on the ResponsibleGovernance of Tenure of Land, Fisheries and Forests inthe Context of National Food Security, the VoluntaryGuidelines for Securing Sustainable Small-ScaleFisheries in the Context of Food Security and PovertyEradication and the more recent Principles forResponsible Investment in Agriculture and FoodSystems. All these frameworks explicitly call uponStates to recognize and protect women’s rights andequal access to assets, resources and opportunities.2019 to ensure alignment with the most recentIn alignment with the priorities set by theinternational agenda, the FAO Policy on GenderEquality, first endorsed in 2012, provides theOrganization with a corporate framework to orientits technical and normative work towards cleargender equality objectives relevant to its mandate.The Policy recognizes that a gender-responsiveorganizational environment is necessary to achieveprogress towards these objectives. It thereforeincludes a set of minimum standards for gendermainstreaming to ensure that gender dimensionsare adequately addressed in all organizationalfunctions, from results-based management to stafflearning and evidence generation. Recognizing thatall staff have a role to play in advancing genderequality and women’s empowerment, the Policyestablishes a shared accountability framework thatclearly outlines responsibilities for its implementation across the Organization.all agencies of the United Nations, is required toBuilding on the lessons learned from the firstimplementation period and the recommendationsmade by the evaluation of FAO’s work on genderundertaken in 2018, the Policy was updated ininternational frameworks and commitments, particularly with the SDGs and the second generation ofthe UN System-wide Action Plan for MainstreamingGender Equality and the Empowerment of Women(UN-SWAP 2.0), launched in 2018, and the UnitedNations Country Team SWAP Gender EqualityScorecard. As with the original framework,UN-SWAP 2.0 establishes a common understanding and standard requirements for gender equalityand women’s empowerment to which FAO, asadhere. The revision also provided the opportunityto update the formulation of the gender-equalityobjectives and the minimum standards to reflectinstitutional changes, incorporate key organizationalfunctions under-represented in the previous versionof the Policy and ultimately set more stringentrequirements for gender mainstreaming.The revised Policy, which will be implemented overthe next ten years, is a solid instrument to driveFAO’s efforts towards addressing the inequalitiesthat are still pervasive in agriculture and foodsystems and to unleash the ambitions and potentialof rural women and girls. An overview of women’srole in agriculture and the main constraints theyface as a result of gender-based discrimination ispresented in the Rationale section of this Policy, toclearly position FAO’s commitment to promotinggender equality as an integral part of its mandateand contribution towards the implementation ofthe 2030 Agenda and the SDGs.T he revised Policy, which will be implemented over thenext ten years, is a solid instrument to drive FAO’s effortstowards addressing the inequalities that are still pervasive in agriculture and food systems and to unleash theambitions and potential of rural women and girls.2FAO POLICY ON GENDER EQUALITY 2020–2030
RATIONALERural households in developing countries typicallypursue multiple livelihood strategies to diversifytheir sources of income and, as a result, women– together with men – are often simultaneouslyinvolved in a wide spectrum of activities. Theirengagement ranges from being contributing familyworkers to being farmers on their own account;from being entrepreneurs running on- and off-farmbusinesses to being wage workers. Globally womencomprise over 37 percent of the world’s rural agricultural workforce, a ratio that rises to 48 percent forlow-income countries, and their contribution isprominent in all agricultural subsectors (estimatedbased on the International Labour Organizationmodels for 2020). They represent close to 50 percentof the world’s 600 million small-scale livestockmanagers and about half of the labour force insmall-scale fisheries. Moreover, these percentageslikely underestimate women’s full contribution toagriculture as their work, often unpaid, is not alwaysadequately captured in official statistics.household and community level. Rural women oftenBeyond being the backbone of rural economies,women also make a substantial contribution tofood security and nutrition as they continue to beprimarily responsible for domestic and care work atservice providers target their clients and prioritizehave a wealth of knowledge on natural resources,such as land, water and forests, as they are oftenin charge of their management, not only in theirrole as farmers, foresters and fisherfolk but also asprimary providers of water, food and energy at thehousehold and community level.Despite this, across regions rural women still facemajor gender-based constraints that limit theirpotential as economic agents and their capacityto reap the full benefits of their work. The rootcause of these discriminations lies in social norms,attitudes and beliefs, which shape how womenand men are expected to behave, the opportunities that are offered to them and the aspirationsthey can pursue. Discriminatory socioculturalnorms affect how policies and legal frameworks areformulated and implemented; who participates indecision-making processes and governance mechanisms; how rural institutions are managed; howtheir needs; and, ultimately, how resources areallocated and decisions are taken within householdsand communities.T he root cause of these gender-based discriminations lies in socialnorms, attitudes and beliefs, which shape how women and men areexpected to behave, the opportunities that are offered to them andthe aspirations they can pursue.FAO POLICY ON GENDER EQUALITY 2020–20303
Across regions rural women still face majorgender-based constraints that limit their potentialas economic agents and their capacity to reap thefull benefits of their work.As documented in the State of Food and Agriculture2010–11: Women in agriculture – Closing the gendergap for development (SOFA 2010–11), and confirmedby more recent reports and studies, rural womenand girls continue to find themselves at a disadvantage compared with their male counterparts in theiraccess to essential assets, resources, services andopportunities. Land is perhaps the most importanteconomic asset for which this gender gap is evident:women still account for less than 15 percent ofagricultural landholders in the world. Disparitiesare also noticeable when it comes to differenttypes of agricultural support services, be it extension, financial or business development. While theneed to disseminate innovative technologies andsustainable practices is increasing by the day, ruralwomen still struggle to access simple life-changingtechnologies. A considerable gender gap persists,for example, in relation to ownership of mobilephones and use of the internet: women in low- andmiddle-income countries are 10 percent less likelythan men to own a mobile phone and 23 percentless likely to use mobile internet. Similarly, genderinequalities are evident in agricultural labourmarkets: rural women are more likely than men tohold low-wage, part-time, seasonal employment,without legal or social protection, and they tend tobe paid less even when they are more educated andmore qualified than men.Gender-based discrimination also undermineswomen’s voice and decision-making power as theytend to lack access to information and networksand are systematically under-represented in ruralinstitutions and organizations. This affects theircapacity to participate in and influence governancemechanisms at local, national and internationallevel. Women may find themselves unable to influence decision-making even in their households.Despite their important contribution, they do notalways have a say about critical choices to be made,4nor do they have control over the income generatedthrough their work. Rural women’s work burdenand time poverty is also a result of discriminatorysocial norms that allocate roles and responsibilitiesunequally within the household, with domestic andcare work still falling mainly on women’s shoulders.While these gaps are common across regions, it isimportant not to treat women as a homogeneousgroup. Rather, it is important to recognize thatsocial dimensions other than gender, such as ageor ethnicity, can interplay to determine multipleforms of marginalization and exclusion. Dependingon the context, for example, an indigenous womanmay suffer double discrimination, based on both hergender and ethnicity. Women and girls with disabilities are also particularly vulnerable, especiallyin rural areas where services and infrastructureare often completely lacking. These discriminations not only affect women’s well-being and thatof their families, they also impose a high cost onagriculture and the economy as a whole throughproductivity losses, inefficiencies and missedbusiness opportunities.As illustrated by the SOFA 2010-2011, investingin women and girls can be a catalyst to accelerate progress in agriculture, rural developmentand, ultimately, food security and nutrition. Manystudies show that ensuring that women haveimproved access and control over assets andresources increases agricultural productivity andproduction – with benefits that are likely to spangenerations and pay large dividends in the future.Closing the gender gap in agriculture is, therefore,essential to fulfil FAO’s mandate. The Organizationis thus committed to systematically integrategender equality in all its normative and technicalwork and to pursue integrated and transformativeapproaches that tackle the root causes of existinginequalities and promote inclusive agricultural andrural development.FAO POLICY ON GENDER EQUALITY 2020–2030
FAO’S GENDER EQUALITYGOAL AND OBJECTIVESAs a specialized agency of the United Nations with the mandate on agriculture, food securityand nutrition, FAO has a key role to play in coordinating efforts, generating knowledge andpromoting innovative solutions to address the gender-based discriminations that still holdback rural women and girls.In particular, the technical and normative work of the Organization will be geared towardsthe following goal:GOAL:Achieving equality between women and men in sustainableagriculture and rural development for the elimination of hungerand poverty.In order to achieve this goal, FAO’s work will be guided by the following four objectives,which highlight key dimensions to be addressed for promoting gender equality in agriculture, rural development and natural resource management for attaining food security andnutrition for all:1OBJECTIVE 1: Women and men have equal voice and decision-makingpower in rural institutions and organizations to shape relevant legalframeworks, policies and programmes.2OBJECTIVE 2: Women and men have equal rights, access to and controlover natural and productive resources, to contribute to and benefit fromsustainable agriculture and rural development.3OBJECTIVE 3: Women and men have equal rights and access to services,markets and decent work and equal control over the resulting incomeand benefits.4OBJECTIVE 4: Women’s work burden is reduced by enhancing their accessto technologies, practices and infrastructure and by promoting an equitabledistribution of responsibilities, including at household level.FAO POLICY ON GENDER EQUALITY 2020–20305
1OBJECTIVE 1: Women and men have equal voice and decision-makingpower in rural institutions and organizations to shape relevant legalframeworks, policies and programmes.This objective recognizes the importance of givingboth men and women a voice – the capacity tospeak up and be heard in rural institutions andorganizations. Strengthening women’s participation – ensuring a broad representation of differentgroups and identities – is crucial to providing themwith the opportunity to articulate and express theirspecific needs and interests. The objective thushighlights the importance of advocating for women’srights to influence relevant decision-makingprocesses and of fostering legal and policy frameworks that proactively promote gender equality andwomen’s empowerment. The objective also vouchesfor the promotion of a more inclusive governance oflocal and national institutions through the elimination of explicit and implicit discriminatory criteriaand practices.Participation alone, however, might not be sufficientto ensure that women’s needs and demands areeffectively addressed and translated into action.The objective therefore aims to enhance women’sleadership and decision-making power within institutions and governance mechanisms at all levelsand increase their involvement in the formulation oflegal frameworks, policies and programmes.Women will achieve effective voice and leadership, at the individual and collective level, only bywinning the support of men and boys and challenging the discriminatory social norms that limit theirparticipation in public life by undermining theirself-esteem, freedom of choice, education andmobility. The objective implicitly recognizes theneed to also provide women with safe spaces andadequate leadership skills to navigate the web offormal and informal institutions that govern agriculture and food systems and to assert their demands.6Enhancing women’s engagement in local politicsor associational life also contributes to improvingtheir status within households and communities,particularly when they are seen to deliver concretegroup benefits.ALIGNMENT TO GENDER-RELATEDSDGs TARGETS5.1: End all forms of discrimination against allwomen and girls everywhere.5.5: Ensure women’s full and effective participationand equal opportunities for leadership at alllevels of decision-making in political, economicand public life.5.C: Adopt and strengthen sound policies andenforceable legislation for the promotion ofgender equality and the empowerment of allwomen and girls at all levels.10.2: By 2030, empower and promote the social,economic and political inclusion of all,irrespective of age, sex, disability, race, ethnicity, origin, religion or economic or other status.FAO POLICY ON GENDER EQUALITY 2020–2030
2OBJECTIVE 2: Women and men have equal rights, access to and controlover natural and productive resources, to contribute to and benefit fromsustainable agriculture and rural development.Ensuring that women have equal access to keyagricultural resources, such as land, water, livestock,equipment, seeds and fertilizers, is pivotal toenhancing their productive and entrepreneurialcapacity. This objective therefore aims to ensurethat women and men have equal rights and entitlements to resources – for example, land ownershipand inheritance rights – and equal opportunitiesto purchase, own and use them. As agriculturalservices are instrumental to accessing resourcesand information, the objective implicitly recognizesthe importance of improving their availability andtailoring them to women’s priorities.By emphasizing the notion of ‘control’, the objectivecalls for ensuring that women have the capacity notonly to access to productive and natural resourcesbut also to autonomously decide over their use andmanagement. This implies challenging the discriminatory social norms that often undermine women’sposition – from the household to the institutionallevel – and providing women with knowledge, skillsand opportunities to use resources effectively.Beyond increasing their productive and entrepreneurial capacity, enhancing women’s control overresources is essential to ensure that they can reap thebenefits of their work in agriculture and have morecontrol over household resources. This transformation can be achieved only by engaging with men andboys and getting them to work alongside women,raising their awareness that improving women’sstatus yields benefits for the whole community.The objective also acknowledges that naturalresources (land, water and forests) must be considered not only for their productive potential butalso as invaluable assets to ensure the health ofecosystems, on which all species depend. Naturalresources also carry a spiritual value for humanbeings, as is showcased by the belief systems ofmany indigenous populations, who shape theiridentity around the concept of nature. Givenwomen’s role and wealth of knowledge in themanagement of these resources, the objectiverecognizes that strengthening their entitlementsis fundamental to improving the capacity ofFAO POLICY ON GENDER EQUALITY 2020–2030households and communities to sustainablymanage and preserve the environment. Ensuringwomen’s rights and access to natural resourcesis also essential to improve their resilience in theface of the increasingly adverse effects of climatechange and environmental degradation, which oftenexacerbate the gender gap in agriculture.ALIGNMENT TO GENDER-RELATEDSDGs TARGETS1.4: By 2030, ensure that all men and women, inparticular the poor and the vulnerable, haveequal rights to economic resources, as wellas access to basic services, ownership andcontrol over land and other forms of property,inheritance, natural resources, appropriate new technology and financial services,including microfinance.5.A: Undertake reforms to give women equal rightsto economic resources, as well as access toownership and control over land and otherforms of property, financial services, inheritance and natural resources, in accordance withnational laws.13.B: Promote mechanisms for raising capacity foreffective climate change-related planning andmanagement in least developed countriesand small island developing States, including focusing on women, youth and local andmarginalized communities.7
3OBJECTIVE 3: Women and men have equal rights and access to services,markets and dece
achieving the Agenda 2030 and its Sustainable Development Goals. For FAO, the year 2020 is of special relevance when it comes to gender issues, as it is the first year of FAO’s first ever Women Committee being fully active. The FAO Women Committee, which was established on
public sector equality duty came into force on 5 April 2011. There are five England/GB guides giving advice on the duty: 1. The essential guide to the public sector equality duty 2. Equality objectives and the equality duty 3. Equality information and the equality duty 4. Meeting the equality duty in policy and decision-making 5.
accessible and diverse gender information. It is one of a family of knowledge services based at IDS . Other recent publications in the Cutting Edge Pack series: Gender and Care, 2009 Gender and Indicators, 2007 Gender and Sexuality, 2007 Gender and Trade, 2006 Gender and Migration, 2005 Gender and ICTs, 2004 . 6.3.1 Gender mainstreaming .
to the development of an institutional gender equality plan. The template guides partners through the main stages of a gender equality plan and provides a template for the creation of an action plan based on the SAGE wheel model. The gender equality plan template
1.1 The purpose of this paper is to inform policy development to advance gender equality in Northern Ireland by setting out the Equality Commission's high level gender equality policy priorities and recommendations. 1.2 These policy priorities and recommendations have been developed following a comprehensive review of the evidence
social justice movement to achieve gender equality. Religion and Gender Equality— The State of Play The relationship between religion and gender equality is a complex one. Religion plays a vital role in shaping cultural, social, economic, and political norms in many parts of the world. Similarly, gender roles and the status of women
8 2018 : Gender Equality and Womens Voice Guidance Note Our theory of change is based on CARE’s experience that achieving gender equality and women’s voice requires transformative change. CARE’s theory of change for gender equality and women’s voice work is outlined in the Gender Equality Framework (GEF) above and the graphic below. 7
GENDER EQUALITY GLOBAL REPORT & RANKING - 2022 EDITION 5 INTRODUCTION I am proud to publish our 2022 Gender Equality Global Report and Ranking. As the first organisation anywhere to formally measure gender equality in the global workplace, our fifth year is a good moment to reflect on progress but also to call out how much further there is to go.
AUTOMOTIVE EMC TESTING: CISPR 25, ISO 11452-2 AND EQUIVALENT STANDARDS EMC Standards and Chamber Testing for Automotive Components A utomotive standards addressing electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) are developed mainly by CISPR, ISO and SAE. CISPR and ISO are organizations that develop and maintain standards for use at the international level. SAE develops and maintains standards mainly for .
