FREIGHT PLANNING TOPICS: SETTING GOALS AND
FREIGHT PLANNINGTOPICS: SETTING GOALSAND OBJECTIVES FOR THEFREIGHT SYSTEMUniversity of Wisconsin – MilwaukeePaper No. 10-2National Center for Freight & Infrastructure Research & EducationCollege of EngineeringDepartment of Civil and Environmental EngineeringUniversity of Wisconsin, MadisonAuthor: Alan J. HorowitzCenter for Urban Transportation StudiesUniversity of Wisconsin – MilwaukeePrincipal Investigator: Alan J. HorowitzProfessor, Civil Engineering and Mechanics Department, University of Wisconsin – MilwaukeeApril 28, 2010
Freight Planning Topics: Setting Goals and Objectives for the Freight SystemINTRODUCTIONThis document contains images of all slides in a course module about the development ofgoals and objectives for a freight planning process. Sources and additional content are found onthe “note pages” of the original slide presentation. This presentation is available upon request toAlan Horowitz, horowitz@uwm.edu.
Freight Planning TopicsSetting Goals and Objectives forthe Freight SystemPrepared by Alan J. HorowitzCenter for Urban Transportation Studies1Overview Public agencyplanning for freightsystemenhancements andoperations. Planning seekspositive changethrough “actions”. Actions are derivedindirectly ionsCriteria21
ActionsActions Some synonyms to “action”oooooooooooo3AlternativeProject (programming)PolicyOperational SchemeSubsidyTaxRegulationCreating a governing bodyPublic informationStudy and data ecisionActionsContexts for Freight Planning Long Range Transportation Plan (LRTP)Freight Specific Long-Range PlanFreight Specific Short-Range PlanFreight Facility PlanTransportation Agency Freight OrganizationalPlan Many actions from plans must be included in aTransportation Improvement Program (TIP)ValuesGoalsObjectives4ActionsCriteria2
A Sample Freight Planning Process: SEFloridaEducation and OutreachQuick Start Action ItemsEstablish goals and objectivesoffreight programDevelop public education/outreachprogramAssign/identify key district staffto champion program developmentDevelop an inventory of the freightsystemPromote “quick fix” program tomaintain private sector interestDevelop "quick fix" program toaddress smaller projects and illustratecommitment to industryEstablish industry based committee toprovide regular input to freightplanning initiativesSolicit participation in freighttechnical advisory committeeFreight Planning ProcessDefine freight data requirementsDevelop ongoing freight datacollection/data improvement programIdentify needs and deficiencies of thefreight systemDetermine roles and responsibilities ofDistrict 4Identify freight projectsof district significanceIntegrate freight projects into existingtransportation planning programsAssess condition ofintermodal connectorsDevelop education material andprogram to address public safetyconcernsDefine role in region and coordinate/communicate with other agencies insoutheast FloridaProvide ongoing support andresources to local planning agenciesEnsure close coordination andparticipation in statewidefreight initiativesDevelop scope of work andschedule for program developmentIdentify technical resourcesand funding for deploymentValuesGoalsFund and deployfreight projectsSource: NCHRP 8-47ObjectivesActions5CriteriaParticipation Participation is critical to getting the plan started:o EIS “Scoping”o Public Informationo Public Input Formally established councilsFocus groupsExpert panelsConsensus building (Delphi?)CharrettesSurveysOne-on-one interaction at public eventsInterviews with key stakeholderso Content Analysis6Values3
Define the Planning Universe: Spatial Extent Spatial Extent of Alternativeso Multi-states, State, Region, City, Subregion, Site,District, Neighborhood Spatial Extent of Analysiso Local, State, Continental US, International7ActionsDefine the Planning Universe: Modal Extent Traditional Modeso Truck, rail, air cargo, in-land water, deep water,pipeline Intermodal Combinationso Truck-rail, sea-rail, sea-truck, etc. Operational Distinctionso Truck load, LTL, package delivery and mail, localproduct delivery, etc.8Actions4
Define the Planning Universe: FacilitiesExtent System, Subsystems (e.g., highway connectors)Mode (vehicle network)CorridorSegment/Critical t Location(s); Intermodalconnections9Actionso Long-rangeo Mid-rangeo Short-range Scenarios: Possible futuresScenario C Time frameScenario BScenario APlanning Universe: Temporal ExtentAlternative 1Alternative 2o Apply to mid-range or long-rangeplans where futures are lessAlternative 3reliably known.o Scenarios can handle contingencies.o Goals are invariant with the scenario.o Ideally, every alternative should be testedagainst every scenario using similar criteria.However some alternatives may be technicallyincompatible with some scenarios.10Actions5
Scenario Analysis: DVRPCActions11Guiding Principles Guiding principles are optional but useful aspectof the planning process.o Guidelines for enabling the planning process, itself.o Dos, don’ts, whos, whens, hows, critical steps,anticipated end productso Usually established administratively (committee, board,etc.)o Incorporates values and professional practice.o Addresses the evaluation of attainment of objectives.o Does not replace values, goals and objectives.ValuesGoalsObjectives12ActionsCriteria6
Guiding Principles Example: NM StatewideTransportation Plan Multimodal TransportationPartnership with Tribal GovernmentsEnvironmental ResponsibilityPartnership with Local GovernmentsSafety and SecurityEfficient Use of Public ResourcesEconomic es Values are abstract, irreducible statements ofhuman needs and desires.o “It has been stated that there are certain irreducibleswhich form the basic desires and drives governing ourbehavior. To these, we assign the term “values”.Whether these values are viewed as inborn andinstinctive, or whether they are seen as culturallydefined and acquired by people as they grow and learn,values form the basis for perception and behavior” –Wachs and Schofer, 1969 Values can be found in statutes, common law,religion, cultural heritage, case law, and theconstitution. Only a small subset of humanvalues is pertinent.14Values7
National Values: SAFETEA-LU PlanningFactors1. Support the economic vitality of the metropolitan area, especially byenabling global competitiveness, productivity, and efficiency.2. Increase the safety of the transportation system for all motorized andnon-motorized users.3. Increase the ability of the transportation system to support homelandsecurity and to safeguard the personal security of all motorized andnon-motorized users.4. Increase accessibility and mobility of people and freight.5. Protect and enhance the environment, promote energy conservation,improve the quality of life, and promote consistency betweentransportation improvements and State and local planned growth andeconomic development patterns.6. Enhance the integration and connectivity of the transportation system,across and between modes, for people and freight.7. Promote efficient system management and operation.8. Emphasize the preservation of the existing transportation system.Values are in bold type.15ValuesNational Values: National EnvironmentalPolicy Act of 19691. fulfill the responsibilities of each generation as trustee of theenvironment for succeeding generations;2. assure for all Americans safe, healthful, productive, andaesthetically and culturally pleasing surroundings;3. attain the widest range of beneficial uses of the environmentwithout degradation, risk to health or safety, or otherundesirable and unintended consequences;4. preserve important historic, cultural, and natural aspects of ournational heritage, and maintain, wherever possible, anenvironment which supports diversity, and variety of individualchoice;5. achieve a balance between population and resource use whichwill permit high standards of living and a wide sharing of life’samenities; and6. enhance the quality of renewable resources and approach themaximum attainable recycling of depletable resources.16Values8
Environmental Justice Values USDOT Order on Environmental Justice: thereare three fundamental principles:o To avoid, minimize, or mitigate disproportionatelyhigh and adverse human health and environmentaleffects on minority populations and low-incomepopulations.o To ensure the full and fair participation by allpotentially affected communities in the transportationdecision-making process.o To prevent the denial of, reduction in, or significantdelay in the receipt of benefits by minority and lowincome populations.Source: MN Statewide Transportation PlanValues17Some Example Values for Freight The Ability toCommunicate The Ability to ConductTrade and Business Access to Knowledge Cultural Identity Economic Vitality Equitable Opportunity Fiscal Responsibility Health, Safety, andWelfare A High Standard of Living Mobility and Accessibility Neighborhood Preservationand Livability Options Personal Security Property Security Preservation of PersonalProperty Preservation of Resources Proactive Planning Protection of the NaturalEnvironment Smart Land Use Time EfficiencySource: Milwaukee Freight System Design18Values9
Goals “Goals are the broadest expressions of acommunity's desires. Goals give direction to theplan as a whole. Goals are concerned with thelong term, and often describe ideal situationsthat would result if all plan purposes were fullyrealized. Since goals are value-based, theirattainment is difficult to measure.” – City ofPortland OR Most plans only have a few goals. Goals should cover all critical values withoutappreciable overlap. General transportation plans tend to embedfreight goals into larger system issues.Goals19Example Goals, General TransportationPlanning I: DC The region's transportation system will providereasonable access at reasonable cost to everyone in theregion. The region will develop, implement, and maintain aninterconnected transportation system that enhancesquality of life and promotes a strong and growingeconomy throughout the entire region, including a healthyregional core and dynamic regional activity centers with amix of jobs, housing and services in a walkableenvironment. The region's transportation system will give priority tomanagement, performance, maintenance, and safetyof all modes and facilities. The region will use the best available technology tomaximize system effectiveness.Source: Washington DC LRTP20Goals10
Example Goals, General TransportationPlanning II: DC The region will plan and develop a transportation systemthat enhances and protects the region's naturalenvironmental quality, cultural and historic resources,and communities. The region will achieve better inter-jurisdictionalcoordination of transportation and land use planning. The region will achieve an enhanced fundingmechanism(s) for regional and local transportation systempriorities that cannot be implemented with current andforecasted federal, state, and local funding. The region will support options for international andinterregional travel and commerce.Source: Washington DC LRTPGoals21Example Goals I, Freight Planning Provide a safe, efficient, and sustainable multimodalfreight transportation system that provides mobility andaccessibility to all freight users. Provide an environment that promotes equitableeconomic prosperity, employment, and trade for both thepublic and private sectors as it relates to the movement ofgoods. Promote open communication and cooperation, andfoster the dissemination of information pertaining to goodsmovement. Synchronize the movement of goods with culturalheritage, responsible land use, natural environmentprotection, neighborhood preservation, and theconservation of resources. Provide a freight transportation system this is safe andsecure.Source: Milwaukee Freight System Design22Goals11
Example Goals II, Freight Planning To improve the transportation of freight by removingburdensome government regulations and restrictions. To improve the physical infrastructure of the transportationsystem for freight related transport among shipping andreceiving points, and major terminals and ports. To improve the reliability and overall movement of freightin the region by encouraging expedient and cooperativemultimodal shipment of freight. To improve the reliability and overall movement of freightin the region by expanding alternatives for trucks andother commercial vehicles. To improve the freight system’s strategic redundancy.Source: NYMTC Freight PlanGoals23Goals/Planning Factors Interaction Economic Aligning goals to SAFETEA-LU planning factorswill assure inclusion of certain national values.999 999 9Goals12
Objectives IAchieve a TargetSatisfy a Hard ConstraintMaximize SomethingMinimize SomethingMAXIMIZEooooMINIMIZE Objectives are expressions ofgoals as they relate to specificaspects of the freight system. Objectives can be phrased to:Objectives25Objectives II “Objectives are measurable benchmarks that canbe used to assess incremental progress inachieving the broader purposes expressed inpolicies and goals.” – City of Portland OR Objectives are often hierarchically placed undergoals, but do not directly reference values.Rather they refer to specific sets of actions. “Measurable” does not necessarily mean“quantifiable”. Vagueness should be avoided.26Objectives13
Example Objectives: Florida GOAL 2: Enhanced economic competitiveness andeconomic diversity.o Increase the efficiency and competitiveness of existingbusinesses by reducing transportation-related costs;o Assist in the diversification of the economy towards high-wagejobs, and promote growth in key targeted industries identifiedin the Strategic Plan for Economic Development;o Improve interregional service to economic centers ofstatewide significance as identified in the Strategic Plan forEconomic Development;o Improve interregional access to expand economicopportunities in Rural Areas of Critical Economic Concern; ando Expand commerce of goods, services, and visitors to existingand new domestic and international markets.27ObjectivesExample Objectives: National Improve the operations of the existing freighttransportation system. Add physical capacity to the freight transportation systemin places where investment makes economic sense. Use pricing to better align all costs and benefits betweenusers and owners of the freight system and to encouragedeployment of productivity-enhancing technologies. Reduce or remove statutory, regulatory, and institutionalbarriers to improved freight transportation performance. Proactively identify and address emerging transportationneeds. Maximize the safety and security of the freighttransportation system. Mitigate and better manage the environmental, health,energy, and community impacts of freight transportation.28Objectives14
Criteria/Standards/Outcomes/MOEs Criteriono A measure of an objectiveo An objective may have more than one criteriao A criterion may relate to more than one objective Outcomeo Similar to an objective; often more specific Standardo A specific level of a criterion that would indicatesuccess Measure of Effectiveness (MOE)o An output of a travel forecasting model that indicatesthe degree of success of an alternativeCriteria29Typical Arrangement of Goals, Objectives,and riteria15
Actions/Alternatives/Strategies/Tactics Actiono An implementation of a policy, facility, or operational schemeor any other initiative to improve the freight system. Alternativeo A set of actions (or a single action) that can be implementedto accomplish the goals. Usually an alternative involves onepossible option, exclusive of any other alternative.o Null Alternative: A required alternative that only includesnormal maintenance and other low cost items that wouldlogically be implemented regardless of the plan. Strategyo In business strategic planning a strategy is usually thought tobe a proposed action that is short-term, focused andproactive. Occasionally used in transportation planning todescribe a package of actions. Tactico Similar to a strategy, but reactive.Actions31Deficiency Analysis Capacity (or LOS) Deficiency Analysiso Using a travel model, run future growth scenarios underthe null alternative; determine where greatest potentialrelief is possible.o Model must be correctly sensitive to freight.o Highly artificial; results may be difficult to interpret. Other deficiencieso Clearly identified areas of concern.o Opposite of objectives.o Attained primarily through public participation.32Objectives16
Example Deficiencies: NY Lack of Coordination – Historically, freight transportation hasevolved around independent modal networks, each competingwith others in a redundant and often destructive manner. Modal Dependence – The region is overwhelmingly dependent ona highway infrastructure that is subject to tremendous congestionat all times of the day. State of Infrastructure – Freight movements over both rail andhighway systems are restricted by inadequate dimensionalenvelopes to prevent rail cars and trucks from moving in the mostlogical and expedient fashion. Operational Limitations – Truck access is hampered by a highwaysystem that is not always contiguous for commercial vehiclemovement, while freight trains must share publicly owned andintensively used passenger rail lines. Economic Challenges – These deficiencies inflate the price ofgoods and services, impacting business locational decisions,reducing the profitability of existing companies, and otherwisesapping the region’s economic vitality.Source: NYMTC Freight PlanObjectives33Planning Resources/Strengths Advisory CouncilFreight community cooperationMPO es34ActionsCriteria17
Vision/Mission Vision and mission statements are normally associatedwith business strategic plans.o Example Vision 1: Provide the best performingtransportation system for people, business, and places. (PAMobility Plan)o Example Vision 2: The United States freight transportationsystem will ensure the efficient, reliable, safe and securemovement of goods and support the nation's economicgrowth while improving environmental quality. (Frameworkfor a National Freight Policy) Vision statements tend to be very optimistic. Would logically be appropriate for the transportationagency or planning agency, but would not replace thegoals of the plan, itself.Strategic35Organizational Strategic Planningo Business planningtechnique developed byAlbert Humphrey atStanford Universityo Strengthso Weaknesseso Opportunitieso Threats36Disdvantages Advantages SWOT ernalExternalStrategic18
Some External/Internal Factors for SWOTAnalysis InternalooooooooooooAgency cultureAgency imageOrganizational structureKey staffPrior experienceOperational efficiencyOperational capacityFinancial resourcesEducational resourcesModeling resourcesData resourcesResearch ExternaloooooooooStakeholdersPublicData sourcesPolitical environmentPhysical environmentNatural environmentEconomic environmentSocial environmentRegulatory, legislativeenvironmento TechnologyStrategic37Strategic Creative Analysis (SCAN): Use ofObjectives A context in which toexecute SWOT Starts with TRO: Topranked objectiveSource: MBAToolbox.org38Strategic19
Workshop Problem 1 Find all the values in these goals.o Integrated Planning: To foster increased cooperation andcoordination among public agencies and between publicagencies and the private sector.o Economic Development: To retain and generate jobs, maintainand increase revenue, and help maintain and enhance thestate’s competitive position through strategic freightinitiatives.o Mobility: To improve access to the system and improve theefficiency of freight movement.o Sustainable Investment: To cultivate and protect freightinitiatives which provide lasting returns on public investment.o Community and Environment: To promote freight as a goodneighbor and the movement of freight in a socially andenvironmentally responsible manner.o Safety and Security: To protect people, cargo, andinfrastructure.Source: NJ State Rail Plan39Workshop Problem 2a Cross-reference these goals with SAFETEA-LU planningfactors.1. Provide a safe, efficient, and sustainable multimodal freighttransportation system that provides mobility and accessibilityto all freight users.2. Provide an environment that promotes equitable economicprosperity, employment, and trade for both the public andprivate sectors as it relates to the movement of goods.3. Promote open communication and cooperation, and foster thedissemination of information pertaining to goods movement.4. Synchronize the movement of goods with cultural heritage,responsible land use, natural environment protection,neighborhood preservation, and the conservation ofresources.5. Provide a freight transportation system this is safe andsecure.4020
Workshop Problem 2b Which goal (see Problem 2a) goes with each of these objectivesA.B.C.D.E.F.G.Form a joint public-private freight advisory committee incorporatinglocal and regional representation, including key shippers, receivers,carriers, and others.Reduce congestion through transportation infrastructureimprovements.Establish an emergency response plan that would maintain thehealth, safety, security, and well-being of those impacted during theevent of an emergency.Develop opportunities to further integrate minority involvement inthe goods movement industry.Implement and sustain uniform state, regional, and local laws andregulations in the goods movement industry so that freightbusinesses have fair opportunities for profitable operation.Promote alternative fuels and clean air strategies which can beimplemented in public and private vehicles that transport goods.Develop seamless intermodal truck, rail, air, and water facilities.41MAXIMIZE Determine for eachobjective (see Problem2b) whether it maximizes,minimizes, achieves atarget, or crosses ahurdle. Would wording changesmake these distinctionsclearer?MINIMIZEWorkshop Problem 2c4221
Goals “Goals are the broadest expressions of a community's desires. Goals give direction to the plan as a whole. Goals are concerned with the long term, and often describe ideal situations that would result if all plan purposes were fully realized. Since goals are value-based,
3. LCA of rail freight transport 4. LCA of IWW transport 5. LCA of road freight transport 6. Comparison of the environmental impacts of the transport modes III. Environmental impact assessment of freight transport 7. Study of intermodal freight transport routes 8. Study of the modal split of inland freight transport in Belgium IV. Conclusions .
the Intermodal Freight Study, the Freight Flow Report, and the Freight and Connectivity Study. MAP-21 Legislation requires that MPOs set performance targets in relation to freight measures provided by the USDOT and the Michigan DOT. The Genesee County Metropolitan Planning Commission will be required to integrate these
Freight Trucking Sector Industry ode Firms Workers Avg. Wage General Freight Trucking 4841 5,182 94,328 52,000 Specialized Freight Trucking 4842 3,103 50,000 63,960 Freight Transportation Arrangement 4885 2,106 26,687 62,452 Top Texas ompanies Greatwide Logistics DallasFreight Services EVA Logistics Freight Services Houston
Last mile urban freight in the UK: how and why is it changing? 6 . 2. Forecasts for the UK urban freight transport system: the last mile . Last-mile freight transport and e-commerce . This section focuses specifically on last-mile freight transport operations that support e-commerce as thi
3. Save your damaged freight Even if you document your damages, an inspector from the carrier may need to come to your location to inspect the shipment. Be sure to save your freight in case this situation arises. 4. Pay your freight charges It may seem unfair, but paying your freight c
Qantas Freight is also Australia’s leading air freight cargo terminal operator, operating a network of 22 cargo terminals and providing ground handling support to 30 airlines. Business Need: Like many air freight businesses, Qantas Freight was running all of its business processes and i
value-added services that encompass transportation, logistics, and distribution. 2 Typically, freight brokers do not "fingerprint", or touch, the freight. They engage in . National Councils comprise the British Shippers Council, the Railfreight Council, the Road Freight C
wisdom and determination on this day of celebration. We stand on the shoulders of many clouds of witnesses. We bring to you our time, talents and money to continue the work you began with our ancestors. We stand in the middle of greater possibilities. You have carried us through many dangers, toils and snares. Eyes have not seen, nor ear heard, neither have entered the heart of men and women .
