English At Work: Global Analysis Of . - Cambridge English
English at Work:global analysis of languageskills in the workplaceFull reportNovember 2016In collaboration with
English at Work: global analysis of language skills in the workplaceContents1Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42Methodology. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5QS Global Employer Survey. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5Industry experts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53Survey participants. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6Participants by country and territory. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6Participants by industry. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8Participants by organisation size. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94 Findings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104.1How important are English language skills?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104.2 The most important English language skills. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164.3 Employers’ English language requirements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 194.4 How many employers have an English language skills gap?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 224.5 Evaluating English language skills during recruitment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 254.6 Benefits for employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 305Future trends. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34Appendices. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36Appendix 1: Full survey questions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36Appendix 2: QS Global Employer Survey. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39Acknowledgements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 403
4Introduction1 IntroductionEnglish is spoken at some level by 1.75 billion peopleworldwide – roughly a quarter of the world’s population.1The vast majority of people who use English arenon-native speakers (over 1 billion people).Wherever you are in the world, English is the language of international business,science and research. Over 80% of academic journals2 are written entirely inEnglish.3 An estimated 85% of international organisations use English as one oftheir working languages.4However, despite the ever-increasing prevalence of English in the workplace, therehas been relatively little in-depth research into the English language skills requiredby employers in different industries and countries around the world. What level ofEnglish do employers need? Are there English language skills gaps? Do employeeswith a higher level of English receive enhanced benefits? How do differentcountries and industries compare?Cambridge English and QS have worked together to answer these questionsand more. In this report, we present a global, cross-industry overview of Englishlanguage skills in the workplace.Cambridge English is the global leader in English language assessment. We offera wide range of English language exams, including business English tests. Ourexams are accepted by over 20,000 organisations worldwide as proof of Englishlanguage ability.‘English is the real global language and is important ineducation, relations and business. I am the Chairmanof one of the largest Italian Bank Foundations and weare dealing with more than 100 countries. Our worklanguage is English.’Professor Francesco Profumo, Politecnico di Torino, ItalyVisit our interactive English at Work website to discover more and get detailed analysisfor your industry and country/territory: www.cambridgeenglish.org/english-at-work1 Harvard Business Review (2012) Global Business Speaks English, available online: lish2 Journals in SCOPUS (the world’s largest database of peer-reviewed journals): https://www.scopus.com3 v an Weijen, D (2012) The Language of (Future) Scientific Communication, Research Trends 31, available online: anguage-of-future-scientific-communication4 British Council (2000) The Future of English?, available online: re-of-english-en.pdf
5Methodology2 MethodologyThe findings in this report are based on data from theannual QS Global Employer Survey and insights fromindustry experts.QS Global Employer SurveyThe QS Global Employer Survey has been running since 1990. Its main aim is tofind out employers’ opinions on the quality of university graduates. In 2016, QSand Cambridge English introduced a series of questions about English languageskills in the workplace.5The survey was live between 1 April and 31 July 2016. The questions about Englishlanguage skills were answered by 5,373 employers, in 38 countries/territories and20 different industries.6Industry expertsThroughout this report, the survey findings are supported by qualitative industryinsights. These insights were provided by: Cambridge English experts7 a sample of employers who took part in the QS Global Employer Survey.5 The series of survey questions about English language skills is provided in Appendix 1.6 Further survey methodology details, such as sampling and filtering procedures, are provided in Appendix 2.7 Details about the interviewed employers, Cambridge English experts and report contributors are provided in the Acknowledgements (page 40).
6Survey participants3 Survey participantsParticipants by country and territoryThis report presents a country-by-country comparison of English language skillsin the workplace. Countries and territories with survey responses from at least20 employers have been included in this analysis.Countries and territories have been categorised into: countries and territories where English is not an official language countries and territories where English is an official or de facto official language English-speaking countries, where English is the first language of the majority ofthe population.Table 1: Countries/territories included in this report (survey responses received from at least 20 employers)Countries/territories whereEnglish is not an es whereEnglish is an official or defacto official languageSurveyresponsesEnglish-speaking d States174Russia470India72United Kingdom151South Korea381Singapore53Australia123Brazil279Hong Kong32Canada92Kazakhstan200Ireland43Japan160New nd25Iraq24Jordan23Belgium22Denmark20Saudi Arabia20Colombia20
English at Work: global analysis of language skills in the workplace7BRIC (Brazil, Russia, India, China)The survey received a high proportion of responses from BRIC countries (three ofthe top four countries). The highest number of responses was from employers inChina (1,643 responses), the second highest was from employers in Russia (470responses), while Brazil was ranked fourth (279 responses).Using the World Bank’s classification of countries8, we can see that the majority ofsurvey responses have been provided by employers from high and middle incomecountries and territories: 36% of responses are from employers in high income countries and territories 63% of responses are from employers in middle income countries and territories 0.1% of responses are from employers in low income countries and territories.** Not classified: 0.9%.Regional participationThe survey received responses from employers all around the world, with thelargest number of responses coming from East Asian countries and territories.Table 2: Percentage of survey responses from each region9Region% of survey responses10East Asia and Pacific50%Europe and Central Asia28%Latin America and the Caribbean12%North America5%Middle East and North Africa3%South Asia2%Sub-Saharan Africa1%8 World Bank Country Groups: ps9 World Bank Country Groups: ps10 Throughout this report figures are displayed to zero decimal points. Consequently the sums of some rows and columns are 99% or 101% rather than 100%.
nts by industryThis report also presents an industry-by-industry comparison of English languageskills in the workplace. As before, industries with survey responses from at least20 employers have been included in this analysis.Table 3: Industries included in this report (survey responses received from at least 20 employers)Industries*Surveyresponses% of responses from countries/territories where English is not anofficial language% of responses from English-speakingcountries and countries/territorieswhere English is an official or de factoofficial languageConsulting / Professional Services72980%20%IT / Computer Services52883%17%Manufacturing / Engineering48377%23%Construction / Property36991%9%Financial Services / Banking34274%26%Pharmaceuticals / Biotech &Healthcare30077%23%Recruitment / HR Services28990%10%Public Sector / Government /Not-for-profit28677%23%Energy19279%21%Electronics / High Technology15578%22%Transportation / Distribution14392%8%Travel / Leisure / Hospitality13783%17%FMCG(Fast Moving Consumer Goods)12592%8%Media / Entertainment & 7%23%Metals / Mining6087%13%Aerospace / Defence5070%30%Utilities3190%10%* Other industries: 751 responses (countries/territories where English is not an official language: 94%; English-speaking countries and countries/territorieswhere English is an official or de facto official language: 6%).
English at Work: global analysis of language skills in the workplace9Participants by organisation sizeSurvey participants were also asked to provide information about theirorganisation’s size. The largest number of responses was from small businesses(10–99 employees) and large enterprises (more than 2,500 employees).Table 4: Survey responses by organisation sizeOrganisation size*(number of employees)Surveyresponses% of responses from countries/territories where English is not anofficial language% of responses from English-speakingcountries and countries/territorieswhere English is an official or de factoofficial languageMicro business(1–9 employees)80084%17%11Small business(10–99 employees)1,32080%20%Medium-sized business(100–499 employees)87981%19%Mid–large-sized business(500–999 employees)56688%12%Enterprise business(1,000–2,499 employees)52888%12%Large enterprise(More than 2,500 employees)1,26181%19%* No size given: 18 responses (countries/territories where English is not an official language: 94%; English-speaking countries and countries/territories whereEnglish is an official or de facto official language: 6%).All organisation sizes received a similar proportion of responses from employerslocated in countries/territories where English is not an official language (80–88%)and employers located in English-speaking countries and countries/territorieswhere English is an official or de facto official language (12–20%).The highest proportion of responses from employers located in countries/territories where English is not an official language came from mid–large-sizedbusinesses (500–999 employees) and enterprise businesses (1,000–2,499employees).11 Throughout this report figures are displayed to zero decimal points. Consequently the sums of some rows and columns are 99% or 101% rather than 100%.
10Finding
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