GEOLOGY OF THE LINGANORE NAPPE IN THE WESTMINSTER TERRANE .
State of MarylandDEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCESMARYLAND GEOLOGICAL SURVEYJeffrey P. Halka, DirectorREPORT OF INVESTIGATIONS NO. 80GEOLOGY OF THE LINGANORE NAPPEIN THE WESTMINSTER TERRANE,WESTERN PIEDMONT OF MARYLANDbyJonathan Edwards, Jr.2012
Martin O’MalleyGovernorAnthony C. BrownLieutenant GovernorJohn R. GriffinSecretaryJoseph P. GillDeputy SecretaryMARYLAND DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES580 Taylor AvenueAnnapolis, Maryland 21401General DNR Public Information Number: on Number DNR 12-582012-570MARYLAND GEOLOGICAL SURVEY2300 St. Paul StreetBaltimore, Maryland 21218General MGS Telephone Number: 410-554-5500http://www.mgs.md.govThe facilities and services of the Maryland Department of Natural Resourcesare available to all without regard to race, color, religion, sex, age,national origin, or physical or mental disability.ii
TABLE OF CONTENTSpageEXECUTIVE SUMMARY . 1ABSTRACT. 2INTRODUCTION . 3GEOLOGIC SETTING . 3HISTORY OF INVESTIGATIONS. 4STRATIGRAPHY . 4SAMS CREEK FORMATION . 5Name and previous work . 5Lithologic description . 5Distribution . 6Environment of deposition. 6WAKEFIELD MARBLE . 6Name and previous work . 6Lithologic description . 6Distribution . 6Environment of deposition. 8SUGARLOAF MOUNTAIN QUARTZITE . 8Name and previous work . 8Lithologic description . 8Distribution . 8Environment of deposition. 8URBANA FORMATION. 8Name and previous work . 8Lithologic description . 9Distribution . 9Environment of deposition. 9ARABY FORMATION . 9Name and previous work . 9Lithologic description . 9Distribution . 10Environment of deposition. 10IJAMSVILLE FORMATION . 10Name and previous work . 10Lithologic description . 10Distribution . 10Environment of deposition. 11MARBURG FORMATION . 11Name and previous work . 11Lithologic description . 11Distribution . 12Environment of deposition. 12SILVER RUN LIMESTONE . 12Name and previous work . 12Lithologic description . 12Distribution . 13Environment of deposition. 13iii
GILLIS FORMATION. 13Name and previous work . 13Lithologic description . 13Distribution . 15PRETTYBOY SCHIST. 15Name and Previous work . 15Lithologic description . 16Distribution . 16Environment of deposition. 16CORRELATION AND AGE. 16INTRODUCTION . 16SAMS CREEK FORMATION . 16WAKEFIELD MARBLE . 18SUGARLOAF MOUNTAIN QUARTZITE . 18URBANA FORMATION. 18ARABY FORMATION . 18IJAMSVILLE FORMATION . 18MARBURG FORMATION . 19SILVER RUN LIMESTONE . 19GILLIS FORMATION. 20PRETTYBOY SCHIST. 20STRUCTURE . 20INTRODUCTION . 20SUGARLOAF MOUNTAIN ANTICLINORIUM. 21DEEP RUN ANTICLINORIUM. 21NORMAL FAULTS. 21REVERSE FAULTS . 21Deep Run Fault . 21Cranberry Fault System . 23Cranberry Fault. 23Winfield Fault. 23Avondale Fault . 23Hyattstown Fault . 23OVERTHRUST FAULTS . 24Martic Fault. 24Linganore Overthrust and Linganore Nappe . 24Town Branch area, Walkersville Quadrangle . 24Horsehead Rock area, Libertytown and Walkersville Quadrangles. 26New London area, Libertytown and Walkersville Quadrangles . 26Fahrney Branch area, Urbana Quadrangle . 26Greenwood Church Road area, New Windsor and Union Bridge Quadrangles . 26Mapleville Road area, Libertytown Quadrangle . 26McKinstrys Mill area, Union Bridge Quadrangle . 31Ladiesburg Road area, Union Bridge Quadrangle . 31PLEASANT GROVE SHEAR ZONE . 33TECTONIC MODEL. 33SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS . 35ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS. 36REFERENCES . 36iv
FIGURESpageFigure 1.–The Piedmont Province in Maryland. 4Figure 2.–Geologic terranes in the western Piedmont of Maryland. . 4Figure 3.–Stratigraphic succession of rock units in the Westminster terrane. 5Figure 4.–Generalized geologic map of the Westminster terrane. 7Figure 5.–Reference outcrop of the Gillis Formation. 14Figure 6.–Correlation of formations in the Westminster terrane with Piedmont andAppalachian rock units of known age . 17Figure 7.–Major pre-Mesozoic structural elements in the Westminster terrane (excludingthe Linganore nappe) . 22Figure 8.–Wakefield Marble outcrop along Hyattstown fault, showing boudins. 25Figure 9.–Phyllite in Marburg Formation exhibiting s-c structure due to overriding byLinganore nappe . 27Figure 10.– Detailed geology of the Linganore nappe in the Town Branch area, FrederickCounty . 28Figure 11.– Detailed geology of the Linganore nappe in the Horsehead Rock area,Frederick County . 28Figure 12.– Detailed geology of the Linganore nappe in the New London area, FrederickCounty . 29Figure 13.– Detailed geology of the Linganore nappe in the Fahrney Branch area, FrederickCounty . 29Figure 14.– Detailed geology of the Linganore nappe in the Greenwood Church Road area,Carroll County . 30Figure 15.– Detailed geology of the Linganore nappe in the Mapleville Road area, CarrollCounty . 30Figure 16.– Detailed geology of the Linganore nappe in the McKinstrys Mill area, Carrolland Frederick Counties. 31Figure 17.– Ladiesburg Road area, Carroll County. 32Figure 18.– Tectonic model for evolution of the western Piedmont . 34v
Dr. Jonathan Edwards Jr., at Walkersville, Maryland circa 1996Note: Dr. Jonathan Edwards Jr. retired in 1997 after a 31-year career at the Maryland GeologicalSurvey where he studied and mapped the rocks of the state’s western Piedmont. Dr. Edwards died nearlya year later before he could see the current study published. While some of the references may beconsidered dated, his observations still provide an important contribution to our understanding of theregion’s geology. This report was subsequently reviewed for content by Dr. Thomas Anderson(University of Pittsburgh) and then formatted and edited by Dr. James P. Reger (Maryland GeologicalSurvey - retired) and Dr. David K. Brezinski (Maryland Geological Survey) in 2012 in advance of itsrelease. This posthumous publication honors, in part, Dr. Edwards’ many contributions to theunderstanding of the geology and evolution of the State.vi
GEOLOGY OF THE LINGANORE NAPPE IN THE WESTMINSTER TERRANE,WESTERN PIEDMONT UPLAND OF MARYLANDJonathan Edwards, Jr.EXECUTIVE SUMMARYThis report is a description of the bedrock formations exposed in the upland area of thewestern Piedmont of Maryland, which includes most of Carroll County, the western parts ofHoward, and Montgomery Counties, and the eastern part of Frederick County. Two separateseries of rocks have been identified: one is a succession of sedimentary rocks nowmetamorphosed to phyllite, the other is an assemblage of volcanic rocks with intermingled lensesor layers of marble.For the sedimentary rock sequence, the following stratigraphic succession has beenestablished: The Sugarloaf Mountain Quartzite is the oldest rock unit, and is exposed only onSugarloaf Mountain in southern Frederick County. Successively overlying this unit are theUrbana Formation, the Ijamsville Formation, and the Marburg Formation, all of which consistprimarily of phyllitic rocks, but which also contain thin beds or layers of quartzite. The SilverRun Limestone is the youngest formation in the succession, and overlies the Marburg Formationin Carroll County.The volcanic rock sequence includes the Sams Creek Formation and the WakefieldMarble. The Sams Creek Formation originated as a volcanic island built up as a pile of basalticlava flows and has been metamorphosed to massive metabasalt and chlorite schist. TheWakefield Marble may have originated as carbonate reef rocks but has been recrystallized tofine-grained marble.Interpretation of the stratigraphic and structural relations of the places the assemblage ofvolcanic rocks and marble in a large overthrust sheet called the Linganore nappe, which overliesthe sedimentary rock succession. In addition, a number of nearly vertical, presumably late, faultshave been mapped across the western Piedmont. These faults strike northeast-southwest fromthe Pennsylvania State line in eastern Carroll County to western Montgomery County.
GEOLOGY OF THE LINGANORE NAPPE IN THE WESTMINSTER TERRANE,WESTERN PIEDMONT UPLAND OF MARYLANDJonathan Edwards, Jr.ABSTRACTThe Westminster terrane in the western Piedmont of Maryland comprises two distinctassemblages of greenschist-facies metamorphic rocks: consisting of metasedimentary rocks, andan association of metavolcanic rocks and marble. The metasedimentary rocks are predominantlyphyllite with subordinate metalimestone and minor beds of quartzite. The rock units includeEarly Cambrian Sugarloaf Mountain Quartzite, Urbana, an
state of maryland department of natural resources maryland geological survey jeffrey p. halka, director report of investigations no. 80 geology of the linganore nappe in the westminster terrane,
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