The Syntax Of Russian
Cambridge University Press978-1-107-41455-6 - The Syntax of RussianJohn Frederick BailynFrontmatterMore informationThe Syntax of RussianThe study of Russian is of great importance to syntactic theory, due inparticular to its unusual case system and its complex word order patterns.This book provides an essential guide to Russian syntax and examines themajor syntactic structures of the language. It begins with an overview ofverbal and nominal constituents, followed by major clause types, includingnull-copula and impersonal sentences, Wh-questions and their distribution,and relative and subordinate clauses. The syntax behind the rich Russianmorphological case system is then described in detail, with focus on boththe fairly standard instances of Nominative, Accusative and Dative caseand the important language-specific uses of the Genitive and Instrumentalcases. The book goes on to analyze the syntax of “free” word order forwhich Russian is famous. It will be of interest to researchers and students ofsyntactic theory, of Slavic linguistics, and of language typology.john frederick bailyn is Associate Professor of Linguistics at StonyBrook University. He is the author of numerous articles and edited volumeson formal Slavic linguistics, especially in the areas of case, word order,functional categories, syntactic microvariation, and binding. in this web service Cambridge University Presswww.cambridge.org
Cambridge University Press978-1-107-41455-6 - The Syntax of RussianJohn Frederick BailynFrontmatterMore informationcambr idge syntax guidesGeneral editors:p. austin, b. comrie, j. bresnan, d. lightfoot, i. roberts, n. v. smithResponding to the increasing interest in comparative syntax, the goal of theCambridge Syntax Guides is to make available to all linguists major findings, both descriptive and theoretical, which have emerged from the study ofparticular languages. The series is not committed to working in any particular framework, but rather seeks to make language-specific research availableto theoreticians and practitioners of all persuasions.Written by leading figures in the field, these guides will each include anoverview of the grammatical structures of the language concerned. Forthe descriptivist, the books will provide an accessible introduction to themethods and results of the theoretical literature; for the theoretician, theywill show how constructions that have achieved theoretical notoriety fit intothe structure of the language as a whole; for everyone, they will promotecross-theoretical and cross-linguistic comparison with respect to a welldefined body of data.Other books available in this serieso. fischer et al.: The Syntax of Early Englishk. zagona: The Syntax of Spanishk. kiss: The Syntax of Hungarians. mchombo: The Syntax of Chichewah. thrainsson: The Syntax of Icelandicp. rowlett: The Syntax of Frenchr. d. borsley et al.: The Syntax of Welshc.-t. j. huang et al.: The Syntax of Chinesej. aoun et al.: The Syntax of Arabich. haider: The Syntax of Germanj.-w. zwart: The Syntax of Dutch in this web service Cambridge University Presswww.cambridge.org
Cambridge University Press978-1-107-41455-6 - The Syntax of RussianJohn Frederick BailynFrontmatterMore informationThe Syntax of RussianJO HN FREDERICK BAILYNState University of New York, Stony Brook in this web service Cambridge University Presswww.cambridge.org
Cambridge University Press978-1-107-41455-6 - The Syntax of RussianJohn Frederick BailynFrontmatterMore informationUniversity Printing House, Cambridge cb2 8bs, United KingdomPublished in the United States of America by Cambridge University Press, New YorkCambridge University Press is part of the University of Cambridge.It furthers the University’s mission by disseminating knowledge in the pursuit ofeducation, learning and research at the highest international levels of excellence.www.cambridge.orgInformation on this title: www.cambridge.org/9781107414556 John Frederick Bailyn 2012This publication is in copyright. Subject to statutory exceptionand to the provisions of relevant collective licensing agreements,no reproduction of any part may take place without the writtenpermission of Cambridge University Press.First published 2012First paperback edition 2014A catalogue record for this publication is available from the British Libraryisbn 978-0-521-88574-4 Hardbackisbn 978-1-107-41455-6 PaperbackCambridge University Press has no responsibility for the persistence or accuracy ofURLs for external or third-party internet websites referred to in this publication,and does not guarantee that any content on such websites is, or will remain, accurateor appropriate. in this web service Cambridge University Presswww.cambridge.org
Cambridge University Press978-1-107-41455-6 - The Syntax of RussianJohn Frederick BailynFrontmatterMore informationTo the memory of Aleksandra Arzhakovskaya in this web service Cambridge University Presswww.cambridge.org
Cambridge University Press978-1-107-41455-6 - The Syntax of RussianJohn Frederick BailynFrontmatterMore information in this web service Cambridge University Presswww.cambridge.org
Cambridge University Press978-1-107-41455-6 - The Syntax of RussianJohn Frederick BailynFrontmatterMore informationContentsPrefaceixNote on transliterationxivList of abbreviations and symbolsPart I121634The basic structure of NPs34The DP Hypothesis42Nominal arguments51Extraction from NP/DP62Predicate nominals65Adjectival phrases68Summary71Types of clauses3.13.23.33.43.53.63Verbs and their arguments3Building syntactic structure5Selection and subordination12Thematic relations14Verbal configurations and VP/vP constituencyInterim summary25Infinitivals and other non-finite clauses26An overview of Russian verbal aspect30Extended verbal functional structure31Nominal phrases2.12.22.32.42.52.62.73Basic configurationsVerbal phrases1.11.21.31.41.51.61.71.81.9xv73Main clauses73Subordinate clauses84Wh-structures91Small clauses, infinitives, and gerundsImpersonals115Summary118109vii in this web service Cambridge University Presswww.cambridge.org
Cambridge University Press978-1-107-41455-6 - The Syntax of RussianJohn Frederick BailynFrontmatterMore informationviiiContentsPart II Case4Core cases of Russian case4.14.24.34.44.54.64.75Part III151Case on predicates175Core instances of structural Genitive case199Extending the Q analysis of Genitive214Case on adverbials218Case in nominalizations227Remarks on case assignment228Summary232Word order237A descriptive overview of Russian word order6.16.26.36.46.56.66.77Nominative case124Accusative objects129VP-internal asymmetries140Dative inside VP and VP-internal case issuesSummary of VP-internal asymmetries160Dative Experiencers161Summary of core case structures172More cases of Russian case: Predicate Instrumental,Quantificational Genitive and others 1745.15.25.35.45.55.65.76123“Grammatical” (neutral, basic, unmarked) word order238“Communicative” (marked, non-neutral, derived)word order257Word order in generic sentences265Topic/Focus structure and word order variation266Remarks on Topic/Focus structure285Remarks on Russian scope and surface word order287Summary289Theoretical issues in Russian word order7.17.27.37.47.57.6292Free word order, movement and optionalityMechanisms310Motivation316Sample derivations332The nature of the FF interface344Summary345292References346Index368 in this web service Cambridge University Presswww.cambridge.org
Cambridge University Press978-1-107-41455-6 - The Syntax of RussianJohn Frederick BailynFrontmatterMore informationPrefaceRussian is an East Slavic language spoken in the Russian Federation,in countries of the former Soviet Union and in many other countries. It is themost widely spoken Slavic language and one of the five or six most widelyspoken languages in the world (after Mandarin, Spanish, English, and Hindi/Urdu, and on a par with Arabic), with over 275 million speakers worldwide, including second language speakers. It ranks in the top ten in terms ofnumbers of native speakers as well, with estimates varying from 140,000,000to 170,000,000.Russian is the official government language of the Russian Federationand one of two official languages of Belarus, Kazakhstan, and the KyrgyzRepublic, as well as one of the six official languages of the United Nations.Significant minorities (and in various regions the majority) of the populationspeak it at home in Ukraine, Belarus, the Kyrgyz Republic, Kazakhstan,Moldova, Estonia, and Latvia, and it is spoken commonly in various partsof the rest of the former Soviet Union. Emigré communities have broughtRussian to cities around the world, especially in Western Europe, NorthAmerica, and Israel. In Israel, there are over 700,000 Russian speakers andRussian is one of six official court languages in New York. It has also servedas the basis for various language mixes and creoles.Russian has a fascinating set of core syntactic properties. It is a configurational Subject-Verb-Object (SVO) language, but one with considerably freeword order both within and among constituents. It has a highly inflectedcase system that uses a relatively small set of case categories to encode awide range of meanings and relations. Cases alternate under subtle circumstances, and some of these alternations have significant consequences forsyntactic theories, such as the option of both Accusative and Genitive ofNegation on direct objects in negative sentences. The freedom of word orderallows Information Structure notions such as old and new information to beencoded in the sentence’s linear order, although this freedom is more constrained than is generally thought.ix in this web service Cambridge University Presswww.cambridge.org
Cambridge University Press978-1-107-41455-6 - The Syntax of RussianJohn Frederick BailynFrontmatterMore informationxPrefaceA major goal of this book is to describe in detail these essentials of thesyntax of the modern Russian language in a way that could illuminateits structural properties both for those who know and use the languageregularly, and for those who do not have any practical knowledge of thelanguage. These descriptions should be of value for anyone with interest inthe language, be it practical, cultural, or scientific. A parallel, and perhapsnarrower, goal is to present the most important recent theoretical discussionsabout Russian syntax, especially the controversial ones, so that interestedlinguists can orient themselves quickly with regard to the key research issuesin Russian syntax and where future investigations should take us.The descriptions and analyses offered are presented using the generativeframework, though no extensive knowledge of syntactic theory is assumed.In fact, the only background I assume is familiarity with basic grammaticalnotions (case, agreement, parts of speech, and so on). The book is structuredin such a way that it can be used in place of a traditional descriptive grammar,albeit with more emphasis on grammaticality contrasts than traditionalgrammars usually contain. All technical linguistic machinery that is requiredfor the discussion is introduced as it becomes relevant. And although it willbe clear from the outset that I am a believer in configurationality and derivationality in explaining syntactic possibilities, I try to justify all basic assumptions about syntactic processes through their empirical coverage, rather thanby simply assuming prevailing theoretical models. I do not adhere to oneparticular theoretical stance exclusively and have drawn on various linguistic traditions, including the Prague School, Russian/Soviet Functionalism,American Functionalism, and various generative approaches.In describing and analyzing the syntax of any language, one encountersthe issue of variation across speakers. In terms of dialects, Russian is a fairlyhomogeneous language. The standard written and spoken language is nearlythe same in Kaliningrad in the West as it is in Vladivostok in the East, despitethe tremendous geographic distance in between. There are, of course, someregional dialects, such as the Northern dialects, whose distinct syntacticproperties I do not attempt to address here (some are treated in Timberlake1974 and Lavine 2000). There is also the issue of register. Russian linguistsspeak of standard literary Russian (referred to in English as ContemporaryStandard Russian [CSR]) vs. Colloquial Russian, referred to in Russian asRusskaja Razgovornaja Reč’ (‘Russian Conversational Speech’ as in the titleof Zemskaya’s well-known 1973 book and later works). Zemskaya’s definition of Russkaja Razgovornaja Reč’ is that of the “unprescribed oral speechof native speakers of the literary language” (neprinuždennaja reč’ nositelejliteraturnogo jazyka) (Zemskaya 1973: 5), a definition that I assume here as in this web service Cambridge University Presswww.cambridge.org
Cambridge University Press978-1-107-41455-6 - The Syntax of RussianJohn Frederick BailynFrontmatterMore informationPrefacexiwell. Zemskaya and others have shown that the colloquial language differsin various syntactic properties from the literary norm, especially in the rangeof word order possibilities. Because my discussion of Russian word order inChapters 6 and 7 crucially involves intonational patterns, I do discuss a fairlywide range of syntactic possibilities there, some of which might be consideredavailable only in the colloquial language. However, I do not discuss in detailany colloquialisms that are entirely unavailable in CSR; for those the readeris referred to Zemskaya’s detailed and fascinating descriptions.The book is divided into three major parts: (I) Basic configurations(Chapters 1–3), (II) Case (Chapters 4 and 5), and (III) Word order (Chapters6 and 7). As the book progresses, and as a set of assumptions about basicphrase structure and syntactic relations is motivated, more theoretical issuesof syntactic analysis are presented and discussed. This gra
Russian is an East Slavic language spoken in the Russian Federation, in countries of the former Soviet Union and in many other countries. It is the most widely spoken Slavic language and one of the fi ve or six most widely spoken languages in the world (after Mandarin, Spanish, English, and Hindi/ Urdu, and on a par with Arabic), with over 275 million speakers world-wide, including second .
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