NOTAMs Getting Back To Basics

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NOTAMsGetting Back toBasicsFederal AviationAdministration

OverviewBackgroundAudienceNOTAM ComponentsClasses of NOTAMsUnique NOTAMsFrequently Asked QuestionsReferencesInformation valid throughDecember 2018Federal AviationAdministration2

BackgroundThe Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) is committed to permanent, measurable risk reductionin the National Airspace System (NAS). The Top 5 is derived from the output of our nationalQuality Assurance efforts. It is the culmination of our proactive approach to safety management,which identifies the hazards that contribute to the highest risks identified each year.A cross-section of FAA representatives from the field come together for the Safety Roundtable toselect the Top 5. To do so, the team reviews data extracted from high-risk airborne, surface, andtechnical functionality events, mandatory and electronic occurrence reports, direct feedback fromfacilities, Voluntary/Confidential Safety Reports, accident and National Transportation SafetyBoard data, and data from other sources.1,930,385Total number of National, International, Military and FlightData Center (FDC) NOTAMs created between January 1,2016, and December 31, 2016.Information valid throughDecember 2018Federal AviationAdministration3

Top 5 NOTAM InitiativesIn 2017, two of the five Safety Initiatives pertained specifically toNotices to Airmen (NOTAMs) issues within the NAS:1.) NOTAM Issuance/Cancellation - Lack of, untimely, or outdatedNOTAM in the system2.) NOTAM Prioritization/Filtering - Inability of ATC or pilots todistinguish between applicable or pertinent NOTAMs.Information valid throughDecember 2018Federal AviationAdministration4

Who Is Affected by NOTAMs?Every user of the NAS is affected byNOTAMs because they indicate thereal-time status of the NAS.Information valid throughDecember 2018Federal AviationAdministration5

NOTAMA NOTAM is a notice containing information that is essentialto personnel concerned with flight operations but that is notknown far enough in advance to be publicized by othermeans. NOTAMs concern the establishment, condition, orchange of any component (facility, service, procedure, orhazard) in the NAS. They must state the abnormal status of acomponent of the NAS — not the normal status.In 1947, it was agreed to begin issuing NOTAMs viatelecommunications. NOTAMs were modeled after Notice toMariners, which advised ship captains of hazards innavigating the high seas.Information valid throughDecember 2018Federal AviationAdministration6

NOTAM ContractionsNOTAMs have a unique language characterized by the use ofspecialized contractions.Contractions are imperative to the NOTAM structure because theymake communication more efficient.The International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) is the leadingauthority standardizing contractions in the internationalaeronautical community. ICAO contractions should be usedwhenever possible.Reference: FAA Order JO 7340.2, Contractions, the manual for ICAO contractionsInformation valid throughDecember 2018Federal AviationAdministration7

Building Blocks of a NOTAMInformation valid throughDecember 2018Federal AviationAdministration8

NOTAM Components!DCA 06/005 AML NAV VOR/DMEOUT OF SERVICE 17060822301706302200Information valid throughDecember 2018All NOTAMs follow aspecific format, whichincludes several requiredelements.Federal AviationAdministration9

NOTAM ComponentsThe graphic on the previous page shows the mandatory elements ofeach NOTAM.Several additional elements are to be included “when needed.”The slides with “when needed” in the title show optionalcomponents in their proper placement in the NOTAM structure, butthose components may or may not be used.Information valid throughDecember 2018Federal AviationAdministration10

NOTAM Components: Automatic Data Processing!DCA YY/NNN AML NAV VOR/DMEOUT OF SERVICE 17060822301706302200Information valid throughDecember 2018Automatic Data Processing(ADP) Code/ExclamationPoint.This is a computer code withthe Aeronautical FixedTelecommunication Networkused to identify the start of anew NOTAM.Federal AviationAdministration11

NOTAM Components: Accountability, Number,Location IdentifierThe identifier of the accountability location.Ex.: Afacility (such as DCA), FDC, Central AltitudeReservation Facility (CARF)Here, AML is the name of the VOR/DME, Armel.!DCA 06/005 AML NAVVOR/DME OUT OF SERVICE1706082230-1706302200The Location Identifier component is the affectedfacility or location (airport, Navigational Aid(NAVAID), or Air Route Traffic Control Center(ARTCC)) appears after the NOTAM number(YY/NNN, where YY is the two-digit year, andNNN is the three-digit number, 001)Approach controls or airspace that occupymultiple ARTCCs must have a separate NOTAMfor each ARTCC.Information valid throughDecember 2018Federal AviationAdministration12

Common Issue1) A NAVAID may not show up underevery airport it serves, as it may servemore than one.Best Practices1) Check 25 nautical miles(NM) to either side of yourfull route of flight to ensurerelevant NAVAID NOTAMsare displayed.2) Do not rely only onreviewing Departure,Destination, and AlternateAirport NOTAMs.Information valid throughDecember 2018Federal AviationAdministration13

NOTAM Components - KeywordInclude one of the following keywords: RWY - RunwayIAP – Instrument Approach ProcedureVFP – Visual Flight ProcedureDVA – Diverse Vector AreaTWY - TaxiwayAD - AerodromeOBST - ObstructionNAV - NavigationCOM - CommunicationSVC - ServicesODP – Obstacle Departure ProcedureSID – Standard Instrument DepartureSTAR – Standard Terminal Arrival RouteInformation valid throughDecember 2018 !DCA YY/NNN AML NAV VOR/DMEOUT OF SERVICE TYROUTEAPRONFederal AviationAdministration14

Common IssueBest Practice1) NOTAMs are displayed in no particular 1) The creation of NOTAM keywordsin 2008 has allowed users to sortorder.and filter based on those keywords.2) Confusing the name of a taxiway withcardinal directions.2) With TWY, the cardinal direction isspelled out so it is not confusedwith the name of the taxiway.Example: Use NORTHEAST TWY instead of TWY NEInformation valid throughDecember 2018Federal AviationAdministration15

Examples of NOTAMs TWY F EDGE LGT OUT OF SERVICE Taxiway F edge lights are out of service COM REMOTE COM OUTLET 122.0 OUTOF SERVICE The frequency 122.0 is out of service OBST TOWER LGT (ASR 1050171) 383430.80N0844921.70W (18.9NM ESE 8I1)1229FT (289FT AGL) OUT OF SERVICE An obstruction tower 18.9 nautical miles east/southeast of 8I1 airport is not lighted in accordance with current regulations.Information valid throughDecember 2018Federal AviationAdministration16

Examples of NOTAMs (cont’d.) SVC TWR CLSD MON-SUN 0100-1100,CLASS D SVC NOT AVBL CTCJACKSONVILLE APP AT 121.725 the air traffic control tower at Cecil airport (VQQ) has changed hours of operation and is nowclosed between 0100UTC and 1100UTC daily. When closed, Class D services are not availableand Jacksonville Approach Control controls the traffic. AIRSPACE PJE WI AN AREA DEFINEDAS 5NM RADIUS OF APT SFC-15000FT Parachute activity 15,000 feet and below within a 5 nautical mile radius of APT airport IAP LOS ANGELES INTL, Los Angeles, CA. RNAV (GPS) Y RWY 24L,AMDT 5. LPV DA 628/ HAT 505 ALL CATS, VISIBILITY ALL CATS RVR6000. LNAV/VNAV DA 632/ HAT 509 ALL CATS. TEMPORARY CRANE342 MSL 5513FT EAST OF RWY 24L (2016-AWP-6554-OE) There is a temporary crane east of runway 24L which is creating amended minimums.Information valid throughDecember 2018Federal AviationAdministration17

NOTAM Components: Attribute and SurfaceDesignator!DCA YY/NNN AML NAV VOR/DMEOUT OF SERVICE 17060822301706302200In the above example, the Armel VOR/DME (attribute) is outof service for a specified time frame.A surface designator is required with the keywords RWY,TWY, and APRON.Example: RWY 03 CLSD and APRON MAIN RAMPCLSD and TWY DB OPN Information valid throughDecember 2018Federal AviationAdministration18

NOTAM Components (When Needed):Surface SegmentTWY A BTN TWY B AND TWY CIn other words, a portion of the surface, instead ofthe entire surface segment.Example: SOUTH 100FT BTN TWY C AND TWY B NORTH OF RWY 09/27 Information valid throughDecember 2018Federal AviationAdministration19

NOTAM Components (When Needed): Facility, Feature,Service, System, and/or Components Thereof!MLB YY/NNN MLB RWY 27 HLDGPSN SIGN FOR RWY 18/36 NOTLGTDExamples: HLDG PSN SIGN ILS LOC Information valid throughDecember 2018Federal AviationAdministration20

Common IssueBoth taxiways and runways haveHLDG PSN SIGNExample: RWY 01 HLDG PSN SIGN NOT LGTD Where is this sign? On the runwayas it says, or on the taxiway holdingshort of RWY 01?Best PracticeWhen originating a NOTAM, ensure that youuse the keyword that matches the location ofthe sign—in other words, where the pilot will besitting when he or she sees this sign.To avoid confusion with runway holdingposition signs, ALWAYS include the crossingrunway.Example: TWY A HLDG PSN SIGN The pilot is on TWY A holding short of RWY 01.Example: RWY 01 HLDG PSN SIGN FOR RWY 09/27 The pilot is on runway 01 holding short of RWY09/27Information valid throughDecember 2018Federal AviationAdministration21

NOTAM Components (When Needed): Location DescriptionThis is a plain-language explanation that helpsbetter define the location of the issue.Example: WIP MOWING LEFT SIDE APCH END RWY 10. SOUTHEAST SIDE FOR RWY 13L/31R Information valid throughDecember 2018Federal AviationAdministration22

NOTAM Components (When Needed):Lower Limit/Upper Limit!GNV YY/NNN ZJX AIRSPACE PJE WI ANAREA DEFINED AS 3NM RADIUS OFCEW080025 (05FA) SFC-14500FTAVOIDANCE ADVISEDExample: 500FT AGL–10000FT 10000FT–FL590 Information valid throughDecember 2018Federal AviationAdministration23

NOTAM Components: Condition!DCA YY/NNN AML NAV VOR/DMEOUT OF SERVICE 17060822301706302200OUT OF SERVICEOPN – OPENACT – ACTIVECLSD – CLOSED – may be followed by TO (limitation) or EXC (exception)Example: RWY 36 CLSD CONST RWY 14/32 CLSD EXC TAX 15MIN PPR Information valid throughDecember 2018Federal AviationAdministration24

NOTAM Components (When Needed): RemarksRemarks are any additional pieces of information that might benefit the pilot.Example:a frequency (134.72)expected altitude for unmanned free balloons(Northeast Bound NEB 150000FT)!ORF YY/NNN ORF AIRSPACEUNMANNED FREE BALLOONORF338019 (19NM NW ORF) SFC-FL600NEBInformation valid throughDecember 2018Federal AviationAdministration25

NOTAM Components (When Needed): ScheduleSpecified in the element before the Start of ActivityExample:!GNV YY/NNN F95 AIRSPACE MIL ACT WI AN AREA DEFINED AS 3NM RADIUS OF F95 SFC14000FT DLY 2200-0900 1705142200-1705170900Explanation: The military activity is occurring between 2200UTC and 0900UTC each day startingon Sunday May 14, 2017, and ends on Wednesday May 17, 2017.SUNInformation valid throughDecember 2018MONTUEWEDFederal AviationAdministration26

Common IssueDetermining the schedule within thevalid times may be confusingespecially when the scheduleincludes overnight activity across aperiod of several days.Information valid throughDecember 2018Best PracticeEnsure the schedule times match the Startof Activity and End of Validity times.Referencing the example on the previousslide Since NOTAMs use CoordinatedUniversal Time (UTC), the activity startsSunday at 2200 UTC, occurs again onMonday and Tuesday at 2200 UTC, thenends on Wednesday at 0900 UTC.Federal AviationAdministration27

NOTAM Components: Start of Activity/End of ValidityA 10-digit date-time group (YYMMDDHHMM)UTC indicating:!DCA YY/NNN AML NAV VOR/DME OUTOF SERVICE 1706082230-1706302200Information valid throughDecember 2018The time at which the NOTAM comes into force(the date/time a condition will begin)The time at which the NOTAM ceases to be inforce and becomes invalid (the expected time ofreturn to service, return to normal status, or theend of the activity)Federal AviationAdministration28

Common IssueMisunderstanding the use of“estimated” (EST)Best PracticeUse EST when the condition may finish andresume normal operations earlier thananticipated.All NOTAMs (except PERM) will auto-cancel atthe End of Validity.A NOTAM is not valid past its End of Validitytime and must not be used for navigationpurposes.Verify the accuracy of NOTAMs on a dailybasis.Information valid throughDecember 2018Federal AviationAdministration29

Classification of NOTAMsInformation valid throughDecember 2018Federal AviationAdministration30

NOTAM D!DAY 07/030 DAY TWY K HLDG PSN SIGNNOT LGTD 1707280307-1708072200These are NOTAMs containing information concerningthe establishment, condition, or change of any: Aeronautical facilityEn Route NAVAIDSServicesProceduresHazardsCivil public-use airports listed in the U.S. ChartSupplementNOTAM Ds are numbered consecutively each month bythe NOTAM System starting with 001 for eachaccountability. This would be the 30th NOTAM issuedfor the month of July for the DAY accountable location.Information valid throughDecember 2018Federal AviationAdministration31

Common IssueThe time it takes a NOTAM toprocess from origination to the enduser is not immediate.Best PracticeThe airport should coordinate the activity withthe overlying Air Traffic facility.Technical Operations should coordinate theactivity with the facility before implementing.Information valid throughDecember 2018Federal AviationAdministration32

Military NOTAMM0318/09 - APCH END RWY 30 WINDDIRECTION INDICATOR UNSERVICEABLE.16 JUL 18:17 2016 UNTIL 25 OCT 23:59 2016.CREATED: 16 JUL 18:18 2016Military NOTAMs are issued by the US AirForce, Army, Marines, Navy, and CoastGuard against NAVAIDS and airports.These NOTAMs are numberedconsecutively by accountability, location,and series (beginning with “S0001” eachyear, where S stands for a generic seriesthe military may have). The NOTAMnumber and year of issuance areseparated by a forward slash.Information valid throughDecember 2018Federal AviationAdministration33

Common IssueMilitary and civil NOTAMs donot use the same formatBest PracticeRead both the civil and militaryNOTAMs at Joint-Use Airfields.Understand that Military uses theInternational NOTAM format andfollows their own guidance for writingNOTAM text.Information valid throughDecember 2018Federal AviationAdministration34

FDC NOTAMThese NOTAMs contain flight information that isnormally regulatory in nature, including but not limitedto: Changes to Instrument Flight Rules (IFR) charts Procedures Airspace usageFDC NOTAM numbers are assigned consecutively bythe NS, beginning with “0001” each year. The year ofissuance and the serial number are separated by aforward slash (Y/NNNN).!FDC 7/7848 (A2765/17) JFK IAP JOHN F KENNEDY INTL, New York, NY.VOR RWY 4L, AMDT 1. DME OR RADAR REQUIRED EXCEPT FORAIRCRAFT EQUIPPED WITH SUITABLE RNAV SYSTEM WITH GPS, CRI R153 UNUSABLE. 1705011218-1712111218ESTInformation valid throughDecember 2018Federal AviationAdministration35

Pointer NOTAMA Pointer NOTAM is a NOTAM D issued to point toanother NOTAM.The keyword in the pointer NOTAM must match thekeyword in the original NOTAM.Original:!ATL 05/754 ZTL SVC STANLY APP CLSD 1706011700-1706170200Explanation: The Stanly Approach Control is closed.Pointer:!VUJ 05/023 VUJ SVC SEE ZTL 05/754 STANLY APP CLSD 1706011700-1706170200Information valid throughDecember 2018Federal AviationAdministration36

Unique NOTAMsInformation valid throughDecember 2018Federal AviationAdministration37

International NOTAMInternational NOTAMs are receivedfrom other countries and are alsogenerated by the US NOTAM Office(USNOF). International NOTAMsare stored in the NOTAM System.Information valid throughDecember 2018Federal AviationAdministration38

Temporary Flight Restriction (TFR) NOTAMA TFR is a type of NOTAM that defines anarea restricted to air travel due to ahazardous condition or a special event, orthat distributes a general warning for theentire FAA airspace.You can find TFR NOTAMS online in theFAA’s TFR Listing (http://tfr.faa.gov) or theFAA’s NOTAM search engine( https :// notams.aim.faa.gov/notamSearch/)Information valid throughDecember 2018Federal AviationAdministration39

Central Altitude Reservation Facility (CARF) andSpecial Activity Airspace (SAA) NOTAMs!CARF YY/NNN ZOA AIRSPACE DCCPIG SHED STNR ALT RESERVATIONWI AN AREA DEFINED AS3953N11833W TO 3946N11843W TO4012N11939W TO 4014N11921W TOPOINT OF ORIGIN FL190-FL2201706161730-1706161930!SUAE YY/NNN ZNY AIRSPACER5206 ACT SFC-5000FT 17061410001706150400Information valid throughDecember 2018CARF NOTAMs contain airspace andaltitude reservations transmitted by theUSNOF after receipt of the candidateNOTAM from the CARF office.SAA includes special use airspace (SUA)(restricted area, military operations area(MOA), warning area, and alert areaairspace), instrument and visual militarytraining routes, and aerial refueling tracksand anchors.Federal AviationAdministration40

Field Condition (FICON) NOTAMA FICON NOTAM contains information onthe surface conditions of landing runways,taxiways and aprons.Example: RWY 01 FICON 1/2/2 100 PRCT ICE, 100 PRCT1IN SLUSH, 100 PRCT 1IN SLUSH Explanation: Runway 01 is the landing runway. TheRWY Condition Code is 1/2/2. The first third iscovered with between 90-100% ice. The remainingtwo-thirds are 100% covered in one inch of slush.Information valid throughDecember 2018Federal AviationAdministration41

Global Positioning System (GPS) NOTAMGPS interference missions are conducted to meetnational security requirements and normally covera wide geographical area. During the testing GPSsignals may become unavailable. A NOTAM isissued to describe the affected area(s).https://www.faasafety.gov/SPANS/notices public.aspx!GPS ZAB NAV GPS (NAFC GPS 15 01 E1)(INCLUDING WAAS, GBAS, AND ADS B) MAY NOTBE AVBL WI AN AREA DEFINED AS A 468NMRADIUS CENTERED AT 330702N1062540W(TCS103044) FL400 UNL 425NM RADIUS AT FL250,360NM RADIUS AT 10000FT, 354NM RADIUS AT4000FT AGL, 327NM RADIUS AT 50FT AGL DLY0400 1000 1808060400 1808081000Information valid throughDecember 2018Federal AviationAdministration42

NOTAM Searchhttps://notams.aim.faa.gov/notamSearch/The NOTAM Search tool allows all users to search for active NOTAMs in the UnitedStates NOTAM System (USNS).Users are able to search for NOTAMs based on location, flight path, geography,latitude/longitude, free text, accountability, archives and NOTAMs in proximity tolocation. Users are also able to filter the results, as well as generate reports basedon search results.Information valid throughDecember 2018Federal AviationAdministration43

Notice to Airmen Publication (NTAP)The main references for changes to the NationalAirspace System (NAS) are the AeronauticalCharts and the Chart Supplements. Most changesto the NAS meeting NOTAM criteria are knownsufficiently in advance to be carried in thesepublications. When this cannot be done, changesare carried in the Notices to Airmen publication(NTAP) and/or the Service A telecommunicationssystem as a NOTAM D item.Information valid throughDecember 2018Federal AviationAdministration44

Frequently Asked QuestionsQ1) What is the purpose of a GPS NOTAM?A1) To identify an area of coverage that may be affected by unreliable GPS signals.Q2) What does the NOTAM format look like?A2) See examples in the FAA Order 7930.2, Notices to Airmen; the Advisory Circular; andsamples on the e-NOTAM II (ENII) website.Q3) How do I access NOTAMs on the FAA website?A3) They are fully accessible via NOTAM Search (see reference slide)a) A search can be conducted on “location,” “free text,” “geographical radius,” or“flight path.”b) Historical NOTAMs can be seen using the “archive” function:1) The NOTAM history goes back five years.2) You must provide a specific location on a specific date.Information valid throughDecember 2018Federal AviationAdministration45

Frequently Asked QuestionsQ4) Why do all NOTAMs have a start/stop time?A4) Until Further Notice (UFN) and With Effect From (WEF) have been replaced with theICAO Start of Activity/End of Validity.Q5) When is the term “PERM” (permanent) used as the End of Validity?A5) When NOTAM content is to be published in the U.S. Chart Supplement or otherpublication.Q6) What is the difference between the Aeronautical Information Service (AIS) 24x7NOTAM office and the U.S. NOTAM Office?A6) The USNOF is charged with monitoring the NOTAM System for compliance with thecriteria and procedures set in the 7930.2. Whereas the AIS office is responsible fororiginating FDC NOTAMs for revisions to instrument flight procedures.Information valid throughDecember 2018Federal AviationAdministration46

Frequently Asked QuestionsQ7) Crane operations off-airportA7) Utilize the OE/AAA tracker at https://oeaaa.faa.gov/oeaaa/external/portal.jsp tohave a better situational awareness at airports.Q8) I’m the NOTAM Originator. What do I do when a NOTAM condition still exists, butthe NOTAM is about to auto-cancel?A8) The NOTAM Originator has the responsibility to ensure the NOTAM is replacedwith a new End of Validity time. If a NOTAM drops out of the system, the end userwill assume the situation rectified itself and is back to normal operations.Information valid throughDecember 2018Federal AviationAdministration47

ReferencesInternet Resources:NOTAM Search: https://notams.aim.faa.gov/notamSearch/National Flight Data Center Homepage: ight Service Homepage: www.faa.gov/go/flightserviceFlight Service Flight Briefing Website: www.1800wxbrief.comFAA Website: www.faa.govCurrent Temporary Flight Restrictions: http://tfr.faa.govFlight Service ENII System: https://notams.aim.faa.gov/en2/GPS Notices: https://www.faasafety.gov/SPANS/notices public.aspxFAA Documents:The Aeronautical Information Manual (AIM) contains important NOTAM governance for pilots.FAA Order 7930.2, Notices to Airmen, provides guidance for FAA users.Advisory Circular (AC) 150/5200-28, NOTAMs for Airport Operators, provides information to theairport operator.FAA Order JO 7340.2G, Contractions, contains guidance on appropriate abbreviations forNOTAM writing.Information valid throughDecember 2018Federal AviationAdministration48

Here, AML is the name of the VOR/DME, Armel. The Location Identifier component is the affected facility or location (airport, Navigational Aid . resume normal operations earlier than anticipated. All NOTAMs (except PERM) will auto-cancel at the End of Validity.

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communication more efficient and allow computer systems to parse important words. The International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) is the leading authority for . resume normal operations earlier than anticipated. All NOTAMs (except PERM) will auto-cancel at the End of Validity.

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