The Early English Language Development Standards
RESOURCE GUIDEThe Early English LanguageDevelopment Standards2.5–5.5 YEARS2014 EDITIONINCLUDING Descriptions of the language dual language learnersneed to process and produce at three distinct andoverlapping levels of English language development.Examples of receptive and expressive language usein the major areas of development and learning.Connections to State Early Learning Standards.
RESOURCE GUIDEThe Early English LanguageDevelopment Standards2.5–5.5 YEARS2014 EDITION
Copyright NoticeThe WIDA Early English Language Development Standards, Ages 2.5–5.5, 2014 Edition (“WIDA E-ELDStandards”) are owned by the Board of Regents of the University of Wisconsin System on behalf ofWIDA. The WIDA E-ELD Standards are protected by United States copyright laws and may not bereproduced, modified, or distributed, including re-posting on the internet, without the prior writtenpermission of the Wisconsin Center for Education Research (WCER) and the Board of Regents of theUniversity of Wisconsin System. The WIDA E-ELD Standards are for your personal, noncommercial useonly. You may not alter or remove any trademark, copyright, or other notice from copies of this booklet.Fair use of the WIDA E-ELD Standards includes reproduction for the purpose of teaching (includingmultiple copies for lesson/curricular planning). If you are not sure whether your use of this booklet andthe WIDA E-ELD Standards falls within fair use or if you want permission to use the copyrighted WIDAE-ELD Standards for purposes other than personal or fair use, please contact WIDA Client Services athelp@wida.us or 1-866-276-7735.The WIDA E-ELD Standards were developed by WIDA with support from the MassachusettsDepartment of Early Education and Care and the Wisconsin Department of Public Instruction. 2014 Board of Regents of the University of Wisconsin System, on behalf of WIDA—www.wida.us.Version 1.1 Revised 6/5/17
ContentsSection 1: Introduction.3Connections to States’ Early Learning Standards and WIDA K-12 ELD Standards.3Intended Audience.3Intended Uses.4Section 2: Understanding the WIDA E-ELD Standards Framework.5Developmentally Appropriate Academic Language.6Sociocultural Contexts.8Performance Definitions.9E-ELD Standards.14Standards Matrices and Strands of Model Performance Indicators.17Section 3: Strands of Model Performance Indicators. 27The Language of Social and Emotional Development.28The Language of Early Language Development and Literacy.34The Language of Mathematics.40The Language of Science.46The Language of Social Studies.52The Language of Physical Development.58Appendix A: Glossary. 64Appendix B: Selected References. 681
FiguresA:B:C:D:E:F:G:A Graphical Representation of the WIDA Standards Framework.5The Features of Developmentally Appropriate Academic Language.7Early English Language Development Performance Definitions – Receptive, Ages 2.5-4.5.10Early English Language Development Performance Definitions – Receptive, Ages 4.5-5.5.11Early English Language Development Performance Definitions – Expressive, Ages 2.5-4.5.12Early English Language Development Performance Definitions – Expressive, Ages 4.5-5.5.13The Correspondence Between the Five Dimensions of Children’s Development andthe E-ELD Standards.15H: The Early English Language Development Standards.16I: Standard, Age Level, Example Topics, and Connection.18J: Topic List.19K: Example Context for Language Use and Cognitive Function.20L: Expressive Domain and Levels.21M: Level 3 Developing.21N: Language Supports for DLLs, Ages 2.5-5.5.22O: Topic Related Language.23P: Guiding Questions for the Components of the WIDA E-ELD Strands.24Q: Template for Strands of MPIs.252
IntroductionThe WIDA Early English Language Development (E-ELD) Standards were specifically developed tohelp support the unique language needs of children ages 2.5-5.5 years who are in the process of learningmore than one language prior to Kindergarten entry. These children are often referred to as dual languagelearners (DLLs). As the number of DLLs continues to grow in the United States, practitioners in bothurban and rural settings can use their state Early Learning Standards (ELS) in conjunction with WIDAE-ELD Standards to effectively support, instruct, and assess these young children.OVERVIEWSECTION 1:This resource guide introduces the WIDA E-ELD Standards and Framework to practitioners,professionals, and parents. The resource guide includes a discussion of each component of the frameworkas well as examples of language descriptors for each standard with the intention of helping practitioners seehow the E-ELD Standards are used in a variety of authentic contexts in Early Care and Education (ECE)settings.Connections to States’ Early Learning Standards and WIDA K–12 EnglishLanguage Development StandardsThe WIDA E-ELD Standards align with existing WIDA English Language Development Standards forKindergarten through Grade 12, as the focus on language development in both sets of standards is basedon the same WIDA guiding principles and philosophy. Additionally, K–12 language development buildsupon early language development, allowing practitioners the opportunity to plan for transitions related tolanguage development for DLLs entering K–12 schools.The WIDA E-ELD Standards also correspond to states’ ELS—the WIDA E-ELD Standards were createdthrough the linguistic analysis of the Head Start Child Development and Early Learning Frameworkand states’ ELS to ensure E-ELD Standards include the language necessary for DLLs to participatein ECE settings in meaningful and relevant ways. As a consequence of the work on the alignment toWIDA K–12 ELD Standards and correspondence to ELS, the WIDA E-ELD Standards provide statesa consistent and congruent framework for supporting and assessing the language development of DLLsacross the United States.The E-ELD Standards and accompanying resource guide are intended to be used together with states’ELS so that practitioners plan and deliver age- and linguistically appropriate relevant instructionand assessment to DLLs at varying levels of English language development within standards-basedcurriculum.Intended AudienceThe WIDA E-ELD Standards are designed to be used in a wide range of community- and school-basedECE programs that serve young DLLs, ages 2.5–5.5. Teachers and practitioners, teaching assistants,childcare providers, early childhood special education teachers, speech/language clinicians, andadministrators might use the E-ELD Standards in a variety of ways for a variety of purposes.3
OVERVIEWIntended UsesPractitioners in Head Start, child care, preschool, or early childhood special education programs mightuse the E-ELD Standards to help guide lesson planning to ensure that the different linguistic needsof DLLs are being met throughout their program day. For example, practitioners may use the E-ELDStandards to determine the kinds of language supports DLLs at different levels of English languagedevelopment may need during large group early literacy or circle time activities, so that childrenunderstand and can participate with the entire group. Teaching assistants might also be enlisted to helpprovide various language supports to DLLs during small group learning activities, snack time, outdoorplay, or free-choice play.Practitioners can also refer to the E-ELD Standards for guidance on how to help DLLs reach thenext level of English language development. The E-ELD Standards can be used to help practitionersplan meaningful ways to extend DLLs’ current level of English language development as the childrensimultaneously learn new concepts and skills within standards-based curriculum.Teachers, child care providers, special educators or speech/language clinicians might also use E-ELDStandards to help inform standards-based assessments with DLLs, making sure that necessary languagescaffolds are provided and that DLLs’ performance within the different developmental and content areasare properly interpreted. Special educators and/or speech/language clinicians might also use the E-ELDStandards to help determine the linguistic needs of DLLs with disabilities when writing individualizededucation program (IEP) goals and when helping DLLs with disabilities reach their IEP goals.Finally, administrators might find the E-ELD Standards useful when making programmatic decisionsabout class composition, staffing, curriculum, and assessment in programs that serve young DLLs.4
Understanding the WIDA StandardsFrameworkThe WIDA Standards Framework, depicted in Figure A, consists of a set of interactive andinterdependent components that exemplify the WIDA vision for academic language development. ThisFramework is the foundation for WIDA’s work on the creation of language development standards. Thefive components are: OVERVIEWSECTION 2:WIDA Can Do PhilosophyGuiding Principles of Language DevelopmentDevelopmentally Appropriate Academic Language in Sociocultural ContextsPerformance DefinitionsCan Do DescriptorsStandards Matricesf Languageples oDenciiverPlopginrpiaotrepAcaApdellyatuageangic LmDevelopmentenmGuidFigure A: A Graphical Representation of the WIDA Standards FrameworkPerformanceDefinitionsStandards &their MatriceseExmplifyingci ocultural Conttexothe WIDA Can DsphySoinsiloPhoThe way in which the standards exemplify developmentally appropriate academic language and languagedevelopment is founded on the WIDA Can Do Philosophy and Guiding Principles of LanguageDevelopment. The Can Do Philosophy is based on the belief that all children bring to their learningcultural and linguistic practices, skills, and ways of knowing from their homes and communities. WIDAbelieves that an educator’s role is to design learning spaces and opportunities that capitalize on and buildupon these assets. This belief is based on a synthesis of the literature related to working with culturallyand linguistically diverse children. Using this work as a frame, WIDA drafted its Guiding Principlesfrom a synthesis of literature and research related to language development and effective instructionalpractices for language learners. These Guiding Principles represent WIDA’s core beliefs about languagedevelopment.5
OVERVIEWAt the core of the WIDA Standards Framework are the Performance Definitions along with the sixlanguage development standards and their representative matrices. The Performance Definitions delineatewhat the various levels of language development look like, informed by the Features of AcademicLanguage. The standards matrices help practitioners envision what language development might looklike in ECE programs scaffolded across levels of language development within the six standards. Thesematrices are used in conjunction with the Performance Definitions to describe possible trajectories forDLLs’ language development. The Can Do Descriptors illustrate examples of what DLLs can do at eachlevel of language development.The components of the WIDA Standards Framework interact with and influence each other in thedesign of curricula, language instruction, and assessment of language learners. When used in tandem, theWIDA Standards Framework components help practitioners identify and understand the receptive andexpressive language that DLLs need in order to meet performance benchmarks/indicators across stateELS. Specific consideration has been given to the nature of early language and cognitive development,family and community-based sociocultural contexts for language learning, and the psycholinguisticnature of second language acquisition in preschoolers who are still developing the foundational structuresand rules of language. Educators and program leaders are encouraged to emphasize specific elements ofthe Framework in their language instruction to fit the specific needs of individual DLLs and contexts.In doing so, all stakeholders can participate in shaping the development of our increasingly diversepopulation.The following sections focus on the components of the Framework as they apply to the E-ELD Standardsand their use in curriculum, instruction, and assessment.Developmentally Appropriate Academic LanguageBased in part on the WIDA Features of Academic Language for K–12, the E-ELD Features have beenadapted and renamed to fit the unique characteristics of young DLLs’ developing linguistic abilitiesduring the early preschool years. The features of social, instructional, and academic language are outlinedfor two language criteria: Linguistic Complexity and Language Usage. These criteria are used to define eachlevel of English language development in the Performance Definitions. Figure B shows the Features ofDevelopmentally Appropriate Academic Language. 6Linguistic Complexity refers to the quantity and variety of language used by DLLs at the discourselevel. Language features such as the length of utterances/interactions and how DLLs understand andexpress their ideas are included in this category.Language Usage refers to the types and use of structures, phrases, and words. Some features in thislanguage criterion are choice of intonation to convey meaning, types and variety of grammaticalstructures, match of language forms to purpose, specificity of word/phrase choice (vocabulary) andcomprehensibility of language (forms, conventions, and fluency).
Language CriteriaFeaturesLinguistic Complexity(Quantity and variety of orallanguage)Variety and length of utterances and interactionsLanguage Usage(Types and use of orallanguage structures, phrases,and words)Types and variety of grammatical structuresOVERVIEWFigure B: The Features of Developmentally Appropriate Academic LanguageUnderstanding and expression of ideasMatch of language forms to purposeFormulaic phrases and expressionsChoice of intonation to convey meaningInterpretation and ability to construct meaning at word/phraselevelSpecificity of word/phrase choiceComprehensibility of languageThe sociocultural contexts for language use involve the interaction between children andtheir language environments, encompassing RegisterGenreTopicTask/SituationParticipants’ identities and social rolesSpeaker/Conversational partner7
OVERVIEWSociocultural ContextsAll young children learn language through the context of relationships with their primary caregiversduring daily routines. Through repeated social interactions with parents, siblings, extended familymembers, childcare providers, early childhood teachers and practitioners, and peers, children learn tointerpret and construct meaning through sounds, words, phrases, and sentences. Children also learnthe cultural rules and roles for social engagement associated with their particular language throughthese meaningful interactions with important people in their lives. The sociocultural contexts for youngchildren’s language learning occurs most often in their homes, extended family members’ homes, or incommunity-based ECE settings, which may or may not be located in or associated with public schools.The term sociocultural context has multiple definitions in education research. For its use in theE-ELD Standards, WIDA defines sociocultural context as the setting in which communication occurs.Communication is shaped by the sociocultural contexts in which it takes place. The elements that definethis setting within the WIDA Standards Framework include the register, the genre, the topic, the task orsituation, and the participants’ identities and roles in learningRegister refers to the different ways in which language is used and how it varies depending on who is partof the communication. The ways in which children adjust language when talking to an adult versus whentalking to each other is an example of register.Genres refer to the specific and particular types of text or discourse, which are typically socially acceptedfor particular purposes. For example, recount and explanation are two different genres.Topic refers to the theme in which learning takes place. A topic could be life cycles or shapes.Task or situation refers to the specific activity in which children are engaged that elicits the processing orproduction of language. Examples could include anything from a read-aloud to a conversation with apeer while playing in the sensory table.Identities refer to the individual, social, and shared identities that children negotiate in different contexts.These may shift or overlap to maximize the knowledge, practices, and language from home and thevarious communities to which they belong.Roles refer to the positioning of the learner within learning environments or situations. For example, ina morning meeting, the children need to use their listening skills and process the information they hear.On the other hand, when it is the child’s turn, his or her role changes and so does his or her language use.Then, instead of only understanding and processing information, he or she will produce it.Even though we have provided definitions for each term separately, they all interact with each otherto place unique demands on children’s Linguistic Complexity and Language Usage. What mak
2.5–5.5 YEARS 2014 EDITION INCLUDING Descriptions of the language dual language learners need to process and produce at three distinct and overlapping levels of English language development. Examples of receptive and expressive language use in the major areas of development and learning. Connections to State Early Learning Standards.
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Le genou de Lucy. Odile Jacob. 1999. Coppens Y. Pré-textes. L’homme préhistorique en morceaux. Eds Odile Jacob. 2011. Costentin J., Delaveau P. Café, thé, chocolat, les bons effets sur le cerveau et pour le corps. Editions Odile Jacob. 2010. 3 Crawford M., Marsh D. The driving force : food in human evolution and the future.
