Data Communication and Computer Network
Data Communication and Computer NetworkAbout the TutorialThis tutorial gives very good understanding on Data Communication and ComputerNetworks. After completing this tutorial, you will find yourself at a moderate levelof expertise in knowing DCN, from where you can take yourself to next levels.AudienceThis tutorial is prepared for the beginners to help them understand DataCommunication and Computer Networks.PrerequisitesBefore proceeding with this tutorial, you need a basic understanding of Computer.You should know the basics of input and output devices, primary and secondarymemory, and operating system.Disclaimer & Copyright Copyright 2014 by Tutorials Point (I) Pvt. Ltd.All the content and graphics published in this e-book are the property of TutorialsPoint (I) Pvt. Ltd. The user of this e-book is prohibited to reuse, retain, copy,distribute or republish any contents or a part of contents of this e-book in anymanner without written consent of the publisher. We strive to update the contentsof our website and tutorials as timely and as precisely as possible, however, thecontents may contain inaccuracies or errors. Tutorials Point (I) Pvt. Ltd. providesno guarantee regarding the accuracy, timeliness or completeness of our websiteor its contents including this tutorial. If you discover any errors on our website orin this tutorial, please notify us at contact@tutorialspoint.com.i
Data Communication and Computer NetworkContentsAbout the Tutorial . iAudience . iPrerequisites . iDisclaimer & Copyright . iContents . ii1. OVERVIEW . 1Classification of Computer Networks . 1Geographical Span . 1Inter-Connectivity . 1Administration . 2Network Architecture . 2Network Applications . 22. TYPES OF COMPUTER NETWORKS . 3Personal Area Network . 3Local Area Network. 3Metropolitan Area Network . 4Wide Area Network . 5Internetwork. 63. NETWORK LAN TECHNOLOGIES . 8Ethernet . 8Fast-Ethernet . 8Giga-Ethernet. 8Virtual LAN. 94. COMPUTER NETWORK TOPOLOGIES. 10Point-to-Point . 10Bus Topology . 10ii
Data Communication and Computer NetworkStar Topology . 11Ring Topology . 12Mesh Topology . 13Tree Topology . 14Daisy Chain . 15Hybrid Topology. 155. COMPUTER NETWORK MODEL . 17Layered Tasks. 17OSI Model . 18Internet Model . 196. COMPUTER NETWORK SECURITY . 20Secret Key Encryption . 21Public Key Encryption . 21Message Digest . 217. PHYSICAL LAYER INTRODUCTION . 22Signals. 22Transmission Impairment . 22Transmission Media . 23Channel Capacity . 23Multiplexing. 24Switching . 248. DIGITAL TRANSMISSION . 25Digital-to-Digital Conversion . 25Line Coding . 25Unipolar Encoding . 26Polar Encoding . 26Bipolar Encoding . 28iii
Data Communication and Computer NetworkBlock Coding . 28Analog-to-Digital Conversion . 29Sampling . 29Quantization . 29Encoding . 30Transmission Modes . 309. ANALOG TRANSMISSION. 32Digital-to-Analog Conversion . 32Analog-to-Analog Conversion . 3410. TRANSMISSION MEDIA. 38Magnetic Media . 38Twisted Pair Cable . 38Coaxial Cable . 39Power Lines . 40Fiber Optics . 4011. WIRELESS TRANSMISSION . 42Radio Transmission . 42Microwave Transmission . 43Infrared Transmission . 44Light Transmission . 4412. MULTIPLEXING . 46Frequency Division Multiplexing . 46Time Division Multiplexing . 46Wavelength Division Multiplexing . 47Code Division Multiplexing . 4813. SWITCHING . 49Circuit Switching . 49iv
Data Communication and Computer NetworkMessage Switching. 50Packet Switching . 5114. DATA LINK LAYER INTRODUCTION . 53Functionality of Data-link Layer . 5315. ERROR DETECTION AND CORRECTION . 55Types of Errors . 55Error Detection . 56Error Correction . 5716. DATA LINK CONTROL AND PROTOCOLS . 59Flow Control . 59Error Control . 6017. NETWORK LAYER INTRODUCTION. 64Layer-3 Functionalities . 64Network Layer Features . 6418. NETWORK ADDRESSING . 6519. NETWORK ROUTING . 67Unicast routing . 67Broadcast routing . 68Multicast Routing. 69Anycast Routing . 69Unicast Routing Protocols . 70Multicast Routing Protocols . 70Routing Algorithms . 7120. INTERNETWORKING . 72Tunneling . 72Packet Fragmentation . 73v
Data Communication and Computer Network21. NETWORK LAYER PROTOCOLS . 75Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) . 75Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) . 76Internet Protocol Version 4 (IPv4) . 76Internet Protocol Version 6 (IPv6) . 7722. TRANSPORT LAYER INTRODUCTION . 78Functions . 78End-to-End Communication . 7823. TRANSMISSION CONTROL PROTOCOL. 80Features . 80Header . 80Addressing . 82Connection Management. 82Bandwidth Management . 83Error Control and Flow Control . 84Multiplexing. 84Congestion Control . 84Timer Management . 85Crash Recovery .
Data Communication and Computer Network 1 A system of interconnected computers and computerized peripherals such as printers is called computer network. This interconnection among computers facilitates information sharing among them. Computers may connect to each other by either wired or wireless media. Classification of Computer Networks
COMPUTER NETWORK UNIT-I Lecture-1 Computer Network: Definitions [RGPV June 2013] A computer network or data network is a telecommunications network which allows computers to exchange data. In computer networks, networked computing devices pass dat a . networking hardware. Two such devices are said to be networked together when one device
What Is Mass Communication? Cultural definition of communication (1975)! James W. Carey: “Communication is a symbolic process whereby reality is produced, maintained, repaired and transformed.”! Carey’s updated definition (1989) asserts that communication and reality are linked. It’s truest purpose is to maintain ever-evolving,File Size: 1MBPage Count: 22Explore furtherIntroduction to Mass Communication: Media Literacy and .www.researchgate.netDownload [PDF] Introduction To Mass Communication eBookardhindie.comIntroduction To Mass Communication 7th Editionicomps.com(PDF) Media And Culture - An Introduction To Mass .www.academia.eduIntroduction to mass communication - Archivearchive.orgRecommended to you b
Certified Network Defense (CND) Outline . Module 01: Computer Network and Defense Fundamentals Network Fundamentals Computer Network Types of Network Major Network Topologies Network Components Network Interface Card
network.edgecount Return the Number of Edges in a Network Object network.edgelabel Plots a label corresponding to an edge in a network plot. network.extraction Extraction and Replacement Operators for Network Objects network.indicators Indicator Functions for Network Properties network.initialize Initialize a Network Class Object
Computer network is a telecommunication channel using which we can share data with other coomputers or devices, connected to the same network. It is also called Data Network. The best example of computer network is Internet. Computer network does not mean a system with one Control Unit connected to multiple other systems as its slave.
7. Communication with others inter personal communication skills Unit-III [Introduction to Mass Communication] L-12 1. Mass Communication and Origin of Media -Functions, role & impact of media 2. Meaning of Mass Communication 3. Functions of Mass Communication 4. Elements of Mass Communication 5. Brief introduction to Mass Media 6.
in Fig. 1. This hybrid network consists of two separate parts: † High Speed Communication Core Network: It can be either a private network or public network. Due to several technical advantages [29], Internet based Virtual Private Network can be considered as a cost-effective high speed communication core network for electric system automa-tion.
Accounting records will be maintained in accordance with ORGANIZATION NAME's fiscal year, ie. January 1-December 31. 2. The double-entry method of bookkeeping and the accrual method of accounting shall be used. 3. ORGANIZATION NAME's computer system will be utilized in maintaining and creating the general ledger, all related journals and financial reports. 4. All revenues, support and expenses .