Propelling 5G Forward - Qualcomm
July 2020Propelling5G forwardA closer look at 3GPP Release 16San Diego, CA@qualcomm tech
Mobile has made a leap every 10 yearsMobile voicecommunicationEfficient voice toreach billionsFocus shiftsto mobile dataMobile broadband andemerging expansionA unified g voiceDigital voiceWireless InternetMobile broadbandWireless EdgeAMPS, NMT,TACSD-AMPS, GSM,IS-95 (CDMA)CDMA2000/EV-DOWCDMA/HSPA ,LTE, LTE Advanced,Gigabit LTE5G New Radio(NR)2
Deliveringon the 5G vision 13.2 Trillion in global economic value by 2035** The 5G Economy, an independent study from IHS Markit, Penn Schoen Berland and Berkeley Research Group, commissioned by Qualcomm3
60 Operators with 5Gcommercial deployed380 200M750M 1B 2.8BOperators investing in5G globally5G smartphones toship in 20205G smartphones toship in 20215G connections by 2023 2 years faster than 4G5G connectionsby 2025Sources – 5G commercial networks and operators investing in 5G: GSA and operator announcements, Apr. ‘19; 5G device shipmentprojections: Qualcomm estimates (2020 projection is at mid-point of guidance range), Nov. ‘19; 5G connection projections: 2023 – GSMAIntelligence (Dec. ’19); ABI (Nov. ‘19); 2025 – ABI (Oct. ‘19), CCS Insight (Oct. ‘19), Ericsson (Nov. ‘19)5G momentum accelerating globally4
Driving the 5G technology evolutionContinue expansion to new verticals,deployments, use cases, spectrumDeliveringon the 5G visionFuture-proofplatformRel-18 evolutionRel-171Rel-161Rel-15LTE essential partof the 5G platformNR20182019Commercialization of Rel-16, 17, and future releasesRel-15 commercialization2020202120222023 Rel-15 eMBB focusRel-16 industry expansionRel-17 long-term expansion 5G NR foundation Smartphones, FWA, PC Expanding to venues, enterprises eURLLC and TSN for IIoT NR in unlicensed (NR-U) Positioning Lower complexity NR-Light Boundless extended reality (XR) Higher precision positioning and more 5G V2X sidelink multicast In-band eMTC/NB-IoT1 3GPP start date indicates approval of study package (study item work item specifications), previous release continues beyond start of next release with functional freezes and ASN.15
Building on the technology foundation for the 5G expansionHigh-precision positioningMission-critical designAccurate indoor andoutdoor positioningUltra-high reliability ofup to 99.9999%Unlicensed spectrumNew deployment modelsImproved capacity andnew use casesNew deploymentse.g., IIoT and enterpriseExpanded5G foundationin Release 16Advanced powersaving and mobilityBetter device performanceand coverageSidelinkAdvanced safety use cases5G NR Release 15 technology foundationFlexible el codingMassiveMIMOMobilemmWave6
SmartphonesAutomotiveExpanding thereach of strial IoTSidelinkDriving stSatellitesHigher reliabilityWider coverageMore capacityMassive IoTLower latencyPower savingBetter mobilityInterferencemitigationSimpler deployment3GPP Release 16 elevates 5G to the next levelNew capabilities, efficiencies, flexibilities, deployments, and spectrum types/bands7
Drivingfoundationalenhancements3GPP Release 168
Enhancing 5G NR massive MIMO performanceEnhanced multi-user MIMOReducing overhead and supporting Rank 4 MIMO, finerquantization and PMI2 granularity by improving Type II CSI3Multi-transmission/reception pointsImproving reliability by allowing device to transmit andreceive4 data to/from multiple base stationsBetter multi-beam managementSupporting secondary cell beam failure recovery,interference-aware beam selection, overhead reductionImproved power efficiencyRelease 16 MIMO Enhancements1Improving performance, efficiency, reliabilityReducing PAPR (peak-to-average ratio) with improveduplink and downlink reference signal5Extended uplink coverageAchieving full-power uplink for all MIMO capable devices61 Also includes LTE MIMO enhancements, such as improved SRS capacity and coverage; 2 Precoding Matrix Indicator; 3 Channel State Information, similar overhead yields 15% improvement in CSI performance compared to R15Type II CSI design; 4 Supporting SDM, FDM, and TDM transmissions with single or multi DCI (DL control information); 5 OFDM for PDSCH & PUSCH and DFT-S for PUSCH & PUCCH; 6 For single layer MIMO, for low-complexityMIMO non-/partially coherent devices9
Further enhancing device power efficiencyLow power mode groupsWakeup signal (WUS)Carriers can be configured with different DRX duration(e.g., shorter active time for mmWave vs. sub-7 GHz)A low-power control channel to indicate activityor lack thereof in the corresponding DRX1 periodDevice-assisted power savingEnhanced cross-slot schedulingSuch as introducing explicit minimum scheduling offsetparameter and better support for BWP2 switchingRel-16 new powersaving techniquesAdaptive MIMO layer reductionSupporting turning off transmit/receive chains(e.g., from 4 to 2) to save powerAlso standardized power modeland evaluation methodologyDevices can request preferred power savingparameters (e.g., DRX, # of carriers, max bandwidth)Relaxed radio resource managementIn idle or inactive mode, device can relax measurementsif it has low mobility or is not at the cell edgeLow-power carrier aggregation controlEfficient activation and deactivation of secondary cell iscontrolled by the primary cell1 Discontinued reception; 2 Bandwidth part; 3 Carrier aggregation10
Rel-16 brings 5G NR mobility enhancementsAlso further enhancing LTE mobility managementReduced interruption time0ms handover enabled by dual activeprotocol stack with concurrentsource/target cell transmissions/reception5G NRsub-7 GHzSub-7 GHz andmmWaveDevice mobilityenhancements5G NRsub-7 GHz5G NR mmWaveBoth inter- and intrafrequency handoversImproved mobility robustnessDevice-driven conditional handover for singleand dual connectivity, and fast handoverfailure recoveryBeneficial to high-mobilityuse cases (e.g., train, aerial)11
Further improving 5G NR spectrum aggregationCarrier aggregation (CA) and dual connectivity (DC)Enhancing Rel-15 CA/DCcapability and performanceEarly measurements andfaster CA/DC activationPrimary cell (e.g., n3)Slot 1Slot 2Slot 1Slot 2Slot 3Slot 4PrimarycellSlot 3Secondary cell (e.g., n78)Faster link recovery indual connectivityCA activationSlot 5Slot 6Supporting cross-carrier scheduling & CSItrigger w/ different numerologies, enhancedsingle Tx switching, async DC with NRpower sharing, and unaligned CASecondarycellDefining configuration, signaling, reportingprocedure for early measurement, and blindresume, faster activation for secondary ell(s)Improving robustness in case ofmaster cell(s) failure when link tosecondary cell(s) is still available12
Enhancing ultra-reliable, low-latency communicationRel-16 eURLLC builds on Rel-15 URLLC foundationHARQ ACKsImproved HARQInter-device service multiplexingMultiple HARQ-ACK feedbacks perslot for latency reductionUplink cancellation indicator and powerboostingCoordinated multi-point (CoMP)Non-coherent joint transmissionRLC-1RLC-2RLC-3RLC-4Multi-TRP1 for redundant communicationpaths with spatial diversityService 1Service 2Intra-device channel prioritizationConcurrently supporting differentiated levelsof service (e.g., eMBB & mission-critical)Increased redundancyMore flexible schedulingNumber of PDCP2 packet duplicatesincreasing to 4 from 2Multiple active SPS3 configurations & reducedperiodicity, more efficient DL control monitoring,UL repetition with cross-slot boundaries1. Multiple transmission and reception points; 2 Packet Data Convergence Protocol; 3 Semi-persistent scheduling13
Two-step random access (RACH) procedure enhances efficiencyOver existing 5G NR Rel-15 four-step RACH procedure4-step RACH Procedure2-step RACH ProcedureDeviceNetworkmsg1Random access preambleRandom access responsemsg3DeviceNetworkmsgARandom access preambleand PUSCH payloadContention resolutionmsg2msgBScheduled transmissionContention resolutionTimeReduces signalingoverhead and latencymsg4TimeImproves capacityand power efficiencySupports smallgrant-free uplink14
Addressing interferences to improve system reliabilityRemote Interference Mitigation (RIM)Cross-Link Interference (CLI)TroposphericductingGround wave:normal rangeInterference:100’s of km inate1Base stations can communicate andmitigation of base station TDD DL-to-UL ductinginterferences2Devices can measure and report inter-/intra-cellinterferences3 caused by neighboring deviceswith different TDD configurations1 Via reference signals (RIM-RS) over-the-air or in combination with backhaul signaling; 2 To indicate the presence of interference and whether enough mitigation is in place; 3 Inter-cell: when devices have semi-static TDDscheduling, Intra-cell: when devices support dynamic TDD15
5G NR mmWave IAB1 for cost-efficient dense deploymentsImproves coverage and capacity, while limiting backhaul costMulti-hop capabilitySub-6 GHz gNodeBRedundant linksmmWave backhaulmmWave accessFor SA andNSA 5G NRmodesFor mobile and fixedwireless accessFiberbackhaul1 Integrated Access and BackhaulTraditional fiber backhaulcan be expensive formmWave cell sites mmWave access inherently requires small cell deployment Running fiber to each cell site may not be feasible and can be cost prohibitive mmWave backhaul can have longer range compared to access mmWave access and backhaul can flexibly share common resources16
Improving uplink performance in higher bandsSingle and dual uplink switchingSupporting inter-band aggregationCarrier 2: higher TDD band(e.g., n78 — 3.5 GHz)Device with2 Tx chainCarrier 1: lower FDD band(e.g., n1 — 2.1 GHz)Uplink carrier lemental uplink (SUL)without LTE/NR DCDevice can switch between 2 modes of uplink transmissionMode 11: 1 Tx on carrier 1 and 1 Tx on carrier 2LTE/NR DC without SULMode 2: 0 Tx on carrier 1 and 2 Tx on carrier 21 Applicatble to UL CA and LTE/NR DC; for SUL, 1 Tx in carrier 1 and 0 Tx in carrier 217
Improving efficiency of radio access capability signalingTo address rapid increase in device capability size due to more band combinations and featuresDevice radio capability IDDevice capability informationSeg 0Seg 1Seg 2NAS signalingSeg 34G/5GCore Network4G/5GRAN4G/5GDeviceMax PDCP SDU sizeUplink RRC message segmentationDevice radio capability IDOvercoming the maximum PDCP SDU1 size(i.e., 9kB defined in 5G NR) by dividing devicecapability information into multiple smaller segmentsIdentifying device’s radio capability, stored inthe network, which can be assigned by devicemanufacturer or serving network1. Packet Data Convergence Protocol Service Data Unit18
Maintaining call continuity with circuit-switched fallbackDefining fallback procedures from 5G NRto circuit-switched 3G FDD networkVoice-over-NR (VoNR)Supported in3GPP Release 15 Applying to also emergency (E911) callsExcludes 3G TDD network support, packet switchedand video service continuityFor VoNR deployments with limited or no VoLTE coverage19
Data collection for network performance enhancementsPart of 3GPP Release 16Enhanced NetworkAutomation (eNA)Minimization of DriveTesting (MDT)Self Organizing Network(SON)New enhanced core network function fordata collection and exposureLogged and immediate MDT, mobility historyinformation, accessibility & L2 measurements3Mobility robust optimization (MRO), mobilityload balancing (MLB), and RACH optimizationData repositories5GC NF, AF5GC NF, AFMeasurements, e.g., averagedelay, sensor informationNWDAFDelivery of activitydata & local analyticsDelivery ofanalytics dataOAMExpanding NWDAF1 from providing network sliceanalysis in Rel-15 to data collection and exposurefrom/to 5G core NF, AF, OAM2, data repositoriesSpecifying features for identified use cases, includingcoverage, optimization, QoS verification, locationinformation reporting, sensor data collectionSpecifying device reporting needed to enhance networkconfigurations and inter-node information exchange(e.g., enhancements to interfaces like N2, Xn)1 NWDAF — Network Data Analytics Function; 2 Network Function, Application Function, Operations Administration and Maintenance; 3 For standalone and dual connected 5G NR systems20
Expanding thereach of 5G3GPP Release 1621
Rel-16 introduces NR in unlicensed spectrumAnchored NR-UStandalone NR-UUnlicensed spectrum is combined withother licensed or shared spectrum as anchorOnly unlicensed spectrum is usedFDDTDDLicensed or sharedanchor spectrum 100 MHz UL BW 400 MHz DL BW 100 MHz UL BW 400 MHz DL BWUnlicensedNR-U spectrum*UnlicensedNR-U spectrum** Still under discussion in Rel-16Unlock morespectrum globallyNew marketsand verticalsNew deploymentscenarios22
5G private networks bringsbenefits to industrial IoTDedicatedLocal network, dedicated resources,independently managedSecurePublicnetworkfallbackCellular grade security, sensitivedata stays on-premiseOptimizedTailored performance for localapplications, e.g., low latency, QoS2,APIs for managed 3rd party accessPrivate network1Coverage, capacity, and, mobilityReliability and precise timingInteroperabilityOutdoor/indoor, high data speeds, seamlesshandovers, public network fallbackIndustrial grade reliability, latency andsynchronization (eURLLC3 and TSN4)Global standard, vast ecosystem,future proof with rich 5G roadmap1. Also referred to as non-public network (NPN); 2. Quality of service; 3. Enhanced ultra-reliable low-latency communication; 4 Time sensitive network23
5G brings support for Time Sensitive Networking (TSN)A requirement for industrial automation and many other industrial IoT applicationsCompressed ethernet headerEthernetheader5GheaderPayloadTSN networkand controller1EthernetTSN config.TSN master clockgPTPPacketTimestamp andcorrectionEthernetheaderPayloadPayloadPayload5G as TSN bridgeTSN device5G core5GTSNadapterUser planeControl planeBackhaulQoSAir linkgNBQoSUETSNadapterEthernetTSN client clock5G system timeComputation of Correction FieldgPTPPacketTimestamp andcorrection1 The TSN network is controlled by a Central Network Controller (CNC). TSN and CNC are defined in a set of standards specified by IEEE 802.1.5G TSN adapters allow the 5Gsystem to act as a TSN bridgewith Ethernet connectivityMapping of TSN configurations to5G QoS framework for deterministicmessaging and traffic shapingPrecise time synchronization withgeneralized Precision Time Protocol(gPTP) at microsecond level24
5G V2X sidelinkRelease 16 brings new benefits for automotive use casesEnhanced autonomous drivingReal-time situation awareness and sharing of newkinds of sensor data enhances autonomous drivingFaster travel / energy efficiencyMore coordinated driving for faster traveland lower energy usageAccelerated network effectSidelink communicationsVehicle tovehicle (V2V)Vehicle toinfrastructure (V2I)Sensor sharing and infrastructure deployment bringbenefits, even during initial deployment rolloutsOther communication modescoming in future releasesSidelink also essential for other use casessuch as public safety, data offload25
Rel-16 established the baseline for 5G-based positioningNew PRS1 for devices to detect/measure more neighboring TRPs2Multi-cell positioningMeeting initial5G positioningaccuracyrequirements33m (indoor) to10m (outdoors)for 80% of timeRoundtriptime (RTT)Angle of arrival /departure (AoA/AoD) Single-cellpositioningTime differenceof arrival (TDOA)Position along circumferencebased on UL AoARadius based on RTT1 Positioning Reference Signal; 2 Transmission Points; 3 5G positioning requirements defined in TS 22.261New evaluationscenariosSupporting new channelmodels for industrial IoTenvironment5GPositioningEnhancing positioningaccuracy, latency, andcapacity in Rel-17 26
enTV is evolving in Rel-16 to become 5G broadcastFulfilling all 5G requirements1 defined for broadcastenTVevolutiontimelineRel-14 completed newbroadcast design that metmany 5G requirements5G broadcast included aspart of the Rel-16 projectpackage in RAN#78Rel-16 Study Item —a gap analysis — wascompleted in MarchRel-16 Work Itemwas completedin June2017201820192020Rel-17 will further broaden5G broadcast / multicastcapabilities2021 Rel-16 enTV — 5G Broadcast — focuses on supporting more diverse deploymentsLIVE Add support for MPMT2 and HPHT3 deployments with rooftop reception (CP4 of 300µs)LIVELIVE Enhance support for high speed ( 250km/h) in car-mounted LPLT5 deployment (CP of 100µs) Other potential enhancements are captured in TR 36.776 (SI) and RP-190732 (WI).1 Defined in 3GPP TS 38.913; 2 Medium Power Medium Tower (50km ISD, 60 dBm, 100m height); 3 High Power High Tower (125km ISD, 70 dBm, 300m height); 4 Cyclic Prefix; 5 Low Power Low Tower (15km ISD, 46 dBm, 35m height)Wide ecosystemsupport in 3GPPList of supporting individualmembers in RP-193050Academy of Broadcasting ScienceDishBBCEuropean Broadcast UnionFraunhofer HHIRohde & SchwarzIRTBittium WirelessEuropean Space AgencyNomorSamsungBMWiNokiaBritish TelecomENENSYS TechnologiesNokia Shanghai BellShanghai Jiao Tung UniversityTelstraCellnex TelecomExpwayOne2manyCHTTLFraunhofer IISQualcommUniversity of the Basque Country27
Evolving eMTC & NB-IoT for 5G massive IoTPart of 3GPP Release 16In-band eMTC / NB-IoT in 5G carrier5G NR 2n scaling of 15 kHz subcarrier spacing is nativelycompatible with eMTC and NB-IoT numerologiesScalable slot duration5G core network supportFor deploying eMTC and NB-IoT in networks operating in5G NR standalone mode (SA) with a common core networkeMBBFurther enhanced efficiencyeMTCNB-IoT1.4 MHz carrier — 6 RBs1URLLC200 kHz carrier — 1 RB2Group wakeup signal, preconfigured uplink, multi-blockscheduling, early data transmission, mobility enhancements1. Cat-M1 uses 6 Resource Blocks (RBs) with 12 tones per RB at 15 kHz SCS; 2. Cat-NB1 uses 1 Resource Block (RB) with 12 tones with 12 tones per RB at 15 kHz SCS, single-tone option also availableFlexible framework designed to support future evolution addressingeven broader IoT use cases28
3GPP Release 17 accelerates the expansion of 5GContinued eMBBenhancements, e.g.,mobility, coverage, more1Unlicensed spectrumacross all use casesNR-Light for wearables,industrial sensors, andenhanced massive IoT2New spectrumabove 52.6 GHzMore capable,flexible IABEnhancements to5G NR IIoTExpanded sidelink, e.g.,V2X reliability, P2VPositioning withcm-level accuracy3GPP Rel-17ExtendedrealityRel-15 deploymentlearning, others31. Further improvements to capacity, power consumption, spectral efficiency; 2. Including eMTC and NB-IoT in 5G NR; 3. mixed-mode multicast, small data transmission, multi-SIM, satellite, multimediaLearn more by visiting our OnQ blog post:“3GPP charts the next chapter of 5G /12/13/3gpp-charts-next-chapter-5g-standards29
Intelligently connectingour world in the 5G eraNext technology leapfor new capabilitiesand efficienciesA unified connectivityfabric this decadeContinued evolutionRel-15eMBB focusStrong 5G momentumsets the stage for theglobal expansionRel-16 and 17Expanding to new industriesRel-18, 19. 20 and beyondContinued 5G proliferation?Historically 10 yearsbetween generations30
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Carrier aggregation (CA) and dual connectivity (DC) Faster link recovery in dual connectivity Enhancing Rel-15 CA/DC capability and performance Defining configuration, signaling, reporting procedure for early measurement, and blind resume, faster activation for secondary cell(s) Improving
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