IV. OPERATIONS RESUME, DSDP, LEG 36 - Deep Sea Drilling
IV. OPERATIONS RESUME, DSDP, LEG 36Otis M. Moore, Amoco Production Company, Lafayette, LouisianaINTRODUCTIONLeg 36 of the Deep Sea Drilling Project started on 30March 1974 at Ushuaia, Argentina, and ended 52.61days later at Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, on 22 May 1974.The Challenger traveled 4653.4 n. mi. and drilled a totalof 10 holes at six sites in the Drake Passage, FalklandPlateau, Falkland (Malvinas) Outer Basin, and Argentine Basin. Water depths varied between 1531.5 meters(5025') and 5103 meters (16,743'). Maximum penetration reached below the ocean floor was 575.5 meters(1888') while the longest drill string worked during theleg was 5574 meters (18,288').Time distribution for the 52.61 days total leg timewas 24.93 days cruising, 20.65 days on site, 4.52 daysport time, and 2.51 days other time (Figure 1). Totalsite time of 20.65 days was divided into 6.09 days coring, 1.79 days drilling, 5.52 days trips, 5.55 days wait onweather, 1.04 days lost to dynamic positioningproblems, 0.66 days other time (includes mechanicaldowntime, routine maintenance, etc.). (See Figure 2.)A total of 2480 meters of ocean sediments waspenetrated, of which 40.6% was cored. A total of 107cores was attempted during the leg with 95.3% of thecores attempted having usable recovery. Averagerecovery on all cores cut during the leg was 57.5%. Thisrecovery percentage, on all cores cut, is in line with theProject average to date of approximately 55%.Scientifically, most of the success stories derivedfrom Leg 36 will be the result of the drilling programconducted in the Falkland Plateau area and the tworelatively successful holes drilled and cored in theFalkland (Malvinas) Outer Basin area. Very little scientific information is likely to be derived from the otherholes spudded due to their lack of penetration. Outsideof the two mentioned areas, the deepest penetrationreached on any of the other holes was 53 meters withcore recovery on only the first core taken at the oceanfloor.The elements, in general, played havoc withoperations during Leg 36. The Challenger was in threehurricane-force storms plus being subjected to hundreds of icebergs while on site as well as while underway. Due to the influence of the elements, five of the10 holes spudded during Leg 36 had to be abandonedbefore achieving the scientific objectives. All scientificobjectives were reached on only two of the holes. Itmight be noted that none of the holes was abandoneddue to poor or unstable hole conditions. An interestingstatistic, that will not appear as such in the text of thisreport, is the total time lost either directly or indirectlyto the elements during Leg 36. A very close estimate ofthis lost time will amount to a total of 13.88 days or26.4% of the total leg time. The human element of decision making on site, etc., is involved in some of this lostStart Leg: 30 March 1974Finish Leg: 22 May 1974Total Leg Time: 52.61 days*0ther Time Includes:- Anchorage Bahia Aguirre - Time lost attempting toposition on Rio GrandeRise (no site givenlocation)Figure 1. Deep Sea Drilling Project total time distribution,Leg 36.time and therefore, one might rightfully contest thevalidity of this statistic.The elements, indeed, dealt harshly with drillingoperations throughout the leg, but the thing that was tofinally turn the lights out on Leg 36 was theChallengers dynamic positioning system. Whilepositioning over the final drill site on the Rio GrandeRise, the power supply to the vertical reference gyrofailed and all efforts to restore the power to the gyrowere unsuccessful, thus ending operations for Leg 36.VOYAGE SUMMARYThe first site on Leg 36 was in the Drake Passage areaat latitude 56 35'S and longitude 65 18.2'W. Soonafter departing the sheltered waters of the BeagleChannel, approximately 8 hr out of Ushuaia, Argentina, the sea conditions began to build. By midnight of4 April 1974, the Challenger was experiencing rolls of20 -25 with pitches of 5 -8 on a due south course. Aswe approached Site 326, weather conditions were1051
O. M. MOORE*Other Time - Mechanical Downtime- Routine MaintenanceTotal Time on S i t e : 20.65 daysTotal Sites: 6Total Holes: 10Figure 2. Deep Sea Drilling Project site time distribution,Leg 36.deemed too bad to drop a site beacon, so the ship continued on by the proposed site at reduced speed to doadditional survey work while the weather conditionsimproved. By 1500 hr, 5 April 1974, the sea conditionshad improved; winds northwest 30 mph, seas northwest 4-6ft, swells northwest 14-16 ft. The beacon wasdropped while weather conditions continued to improve. By 2200 hours 5 April 1974, the weather had improved, winds north northwest 20 mph, swellsnorthwest 10 ft, roll 3 , pitch 3 . The worst, however,was yet to come for Site 326. As the bit neared theocean floor, the winds and seas were on the increaseagain. The hole was spudded to obtain the first punchcores, but it then became necessary to pull the bit abovethe ocean floor to await better positioning of the vessel.While positioning back over the beacon, the drill stringparted resulting in the loss of the complete drill stringplus the bottom-hole assembly. (For comments concerning this failure, refer to Addendum 1.)Having secured the rig floor equipment, theChallenger departed Site 326 on the night of 6 April1974 enroute to sheltered waters to pick up a new drillstring and bottom-hole assembly. As the nearestsheltered area was the Beagle Channel, radio contactwas made with the Argentine Navy to gain permissionto anchor. The Argentines directed the Challenger toBahia Aguirre area which required no pilotage. Thedrill ship went on anchor at 1700 hr, 7 April 1974 andstarted making up a replacement drill string. Just aftermidnight an officer of the Argentine Coast Guardboarded the Challenger to investigate the circumstances1052causing the drill ship to seek anchorage again in Argentine waters. The officer departed the Challenger andlater, by radio, informed us that the drill ship was to remain at anchor until given clearance to leave the areaby the Argentine Coast Guard. The Challenger wasdetained for a total of 35 hr by the Argentine Officials,but since the crews were continuing to pick up drillpipe, the actual lost time due to the detainment was\5Vi hr. The Challenger was released to get underway at2130 hr, 9 April 1974.Site 327, our second site, was planned at latitude5O 52.3'S, longitude 45 47'W, in the Falkland Plateauarea. The time lost as a result of the drill string failure,that is additional cruising time, time at anchorage inBahia Aguirre, and Argentine detainment, will be included in time assigned to Site 327. Weather againplayed an active part in operations during site time onSite 327. Hole 327 was abandoned due to bad weatherafter obtaining only the initial punch core at the oceanfloor. Hole 327A met with much more success. Afterreaching a significant penetration of 469.5 meters, it toohad to be abandoned due to the bad weather. Excessiverolling of the ship (rolls greater than 9 ) caused theabandonment.Haying been rolled out of Hole 327A, so to speak, by9 rolls, the drill ship departed Site 327 at 1800 hr, 17April 1974 on a course of 130 heading southeasterlywith good intentions of drilling the Proposed Site 36-4in the central Scotia Sea (north) at latitude 56 20'S,longitude 39 47'W. Again, the elements had a few surprises in store for us. On the morning of 19 April 1974at 0845 hr, our first iceberg was sighted at latitude55 37.3'S, longitude 41'21.9'W. Since noon of 18 April,the barometric pressure had been steadily falling. Thelowest recorded pressure was noted to be 28.12 in. mercury at 1535 hr, 19 April 1974. The profile gear waspulled in and all equipment secured for the expectedstorm. At 1600 hr, winds were recorded gusting to 70mph as the seas and swells increased. By 2200 hr, thewinds were gusting to 80 mph from the southwest. Theship's course at the time was 165 and speed 150 turnswhile experiencing rolls to 25 and pitches to 11 . By0600 20 April, the ship was unable to hold heading intothe wind and seas with the aid of the thrusters at fullpower. At this time the winds were southwest 60 mph,swells southwest 25-30 ft, rolls 10 20 , pitches 5 -10 .At 0615 hr, the ship was forced to reverse course andrun with the elements to the northeast. At 1400 hr 20April, while on a course of 060 and experiencing 50mph winds and swells of 25-35 ft, the ship's captain wasforced to continue northeasterly to better weather andabandon all efforts to drill Proposed Site 36-4. At 1220hr 21 April, numerous icebergs were sighted while running on the 060 course, position latitude 54 49.6'S,longitude 33 15'W. Winds were down to 30-40 mphand swells running 20 feet. At 1700 hr 21 April, a decision was made mutually by the ship's Captain, CruiseOperations Manager, and the Co-Chief Scientists toabandon all efforts to drill the Proposed 36-6 location(outer wall of South Sandwich Trench). Many icebergscould be seen now in the area of the ship. As darknessapproached, the ship's speed was reduced for travel
OPERATIONS RESUMEthrough the night in this hazardous environment. Hundreds of icebergs continued to be sited along our courseto Proposed Site 36-9C, which would now be drill Site328. The Challenger arrived at Site 328, Malvinas OuterBasin, at 0400 hr on 24 April 1974 and still in icebergcountry. Site location was latitude 49 48.7'S, longitude 36 39.5'W. Approximately 4 2 days cruising timehad been lost. Three holes were spudded on Site 328,two of the three being affected by the elements beforereaching all scientific objectives. Increasing winds andswells caused the abandonment of Hole 328. An iceberg passing within four-tenths of a mile of our sitelocation caused loss of Hole 328B. Thoughts of drillingHole 328C were envisioned, but the extended forecastof inclement weather for the area soon cancelled this. Itmust be noted here that the human element was involved to some degree in the ultimate loss of Hole 328Band the resultant damage to the drill string. (For addeddetail regarding the loss of Hole 328B, refer to Addendum II.)As the Challenger departed Site 328 at 1715 hr 30April 1974, on a course 261 back to the FalklandPlateau area and Site 329, the icebergs, once again,were out in force and were to play havoc with ourplanned course of travel. At 2043 hr, it becamenecessary to make our first course deviation to av.oidicebergs in the area. The ship's course was changed to295 and speed reduced due to hazardous conditions.Not long after the last iceberg for Leg 36 had beensighted at latitude 49 02'S, longitude 39 10'W, the badweather that had been forecast for the area arrived toconfront the Challenger with hurricane-force winds andmaximum swells estimated at 40-50 ft on the morningof 2 May 1974. The ship's speed had to be reduced attimes to 150 turns due to heavy vibration caused by thecavitation of the propellers. Site 329, latitude5O 39.31'S, longitude 46 5.73'W, was reached at 2220hr, 3 May 1974, with good weather conditions prevailing.The cruise between Sites 328 and 329 had required anadditional 31 hr to negotiate. Again, the lost time wasattributable to the elements.The crews, aboard the Challenger basked in goodweather during the drilling of Sites 329 and 330. Site330 was nearby at latitude 50 55.2'S, longitude46 53'W. Weather did deteriorate somewhat as Hole33OA was abandoned and the Challenger got underwayfor the Argentine Basin site.After an unusually uneventful cruise, the Challengerarrived at Site 331, latitude 37 53'S, longitude 38 7'W,on 12 May 1974, only to face yet another storm withwinds of hurricane force. The weather forecast issuedfor space period 13-14 May indicated good weather,wind light and variable. The ship's weatherman issued arevised forecast during the morning of 13 May indicating stronger winds and swells, wind northerly 2030 mph, swells northerly 4-7 ft. Based on the apparentlygood weather forecasted, the crews started running pipeand the hole was spudded at noon, 13 May 1974. By1830 hr, however, the drill pipe was started out of thehole due to increasing winds and seas. The pipe waspulled very slowly with the assurance that by morning itcould be returned to bottom with the weather improved. By the morning of 14 May, however, weatherconditions continued to deteriorate to the point of being too hazardous to finish pulling drill pipe out of thehole. The storm raged as 2187 meters of drill string wasleft hanging below the drill ship, suspended from theelevators. Winds were recorded at 90 mph maximum,swells increased to 30-40 ft. The drill ship had beenblown off site by some 5-6 miles by the time the stormhad subsided. As marginal weather conditions continued to prevail and due to the remaining leg timegrowing ever so short, the decision was made to abandon Site 331 and trek north during the marginalweather anticipating using the remaining leg time todrill a site proposed on the Rio Grande Rise.The Challenger got underway at 1745 hr, 16 May1974, on a northerly course. Seas were down to asmooth cruising condition by the following day, andthe crews enjoyed the uneventful trip north as thetemperatures warmed somewhat. Having dropped thebeacon at 0200 hr, 20 May 1974, there was just one disappointment left for the crews aboard the Challengeron the Rio Grande Rise. While positioning over thebeacon and having just gone into automatic mode ofpositioning, the power supply to the vertical referencegyro in the computer room failed. All efforts to restorethe power to the gyro were unsuccessful and the shipcould not be positioned on site. Drilling and coringoperations were abruptly concluded for Leg 36'.All that remained for Leg 36 was for GlomarChallenger to negotiate some 400 mi of the SouthAtlantic Ocean into Rio de Janeiro; she did so in grandstyle arriving at 0915 hr on 22 May 1974.DRILLING AND CORING — SITE SUMMARIESThe accepted standard bottom-hole assembly wasused during all coring and drilling operations on Leg36. The assembly consisted of the following: Smith 101/8" bit Type F-94CK (4-cutter journal bearing inserttype), float sub, 8-1/4" core barrel, three 8-1/4" drillcollars, two Baash-Ross bumper subs, three 8-1/4" drillcollars, two Baash-Ross bumper subs, two 8-1/4" drillcollars, one 7-1/4" drill collar, and a range-3 joint of 51/2" drill pipe. One of the lowermost bumper subs wasinadvertently bent during coring operations at Site 327and was removed from the assembly. The remainingsites were drilled with three bumper subs quite satisfactorily. The bottom-hole assembly has an effectiveweight of 30,000 lb in seawater. The drill string used is5" O.D. with 5-1/2" F.H. connections. The inner corebarrelis a nonrotating 3-1/2" O.D. by 9-1/2 metersbarrel containing an inner plastic liner in which the 23/8" O.D. core is captured during coring operations.All components of the drilling assembly has a minimumI.D. of 4" through which the inner barrel is retrieved.At all sites during the leg the double soft formationfinger-type catchers were used in the inner core barrelinitially with the plastic sock run with the top catcher.This arrangement, as past records indicate, performedquite well with recovery in the softer formations normally high. There were three unexplained exceptions tothis rule; the initial core on Hole 326, and the second1053
O. M. MOOREcore taken on Holes 328A and 331. Four other occurrences of zero recovery were explained by the factthat the core barrel was bridged with basement rockabove the Baker float, not letting the inner barrel reachits seat. As the sediments became firmer, the plasticsock was removed from service and the double soft formation catchers were run until such time hardersediments warranted going to one (upper) soft formation catcher and one (lower) finger-type hard formationcatcher.Once again, as past leg records indicate, the programof continuous coring offered the better percentage ofrecovery. At Hole 328, continuous coring through softto firm clays offered an excellent 94% recovery. At Site329, the continuous coring program through the first179.5 meters of penetration offered an excellent 93%recovery, while intermittent coring in the deeper andfirmer sediments offered a disappointing 36% recovery.Site 326—Drake PassageAs the drill string approached bottom on this site,weather conditions were beginning to deteriorate. Thehole was spudded in a water depth of 3822 meters and apunch core of 9.5 meters was taken in soft sediments.Only 0.5 meter of usuable core was recovered. With thebit positioned above the ocean floor, while improvingour position over the beacon, the drill string partednear the bottom of the drill ship losing a total of 389joints of 5" drill pipe and a complete bottom-holeassembly. The site was abandoned at this point. Theage of the sandy silt recovered is Quaternary.Site 327—Falkland PlateauTwo holes were spudded at Site 327. The originalhole was abandoned due to weather and poor shippositioning after taking only a punch core in a waterdepth of 2411 meters by DPM. After a period ofwaiting on weather, Hole 327A was spudded.Hole 327AHole 327A was continuously cored to a penetrationof 118 meters, then intermittently cored to a totalpenetration of 469.5 meters. The hole was considered ascientific success even though all objectives were notreached before weather conditions deteriorated andmaximum operating limits of roll forced abandonmentof the hole. Hole 327A reached Aptian or Neocomianage claystone sediments.Site 328—Malvinas Outer BasinThree holes were spudded at Site 328 in a water depthof 5103 meters. Holes 328 and 328B reached significantdepths before both were abandoned due to theelements. Hole 328A was abandoned after experiencingpoor recovery on the second core. As the Co-ChiefScientist wanted better recovery over the upper interval, Hole 328B was spudded. Hole 328 was intermittently cored to a depth of 5500 meters with a totalpenetration of 397 meters. The hole was bottomed ingray zeolitic claystone of Late Cretaceous age. The holewas ultimately abandoned when the elements increasedto a point beyond the positioning capabilities of theship. The position over the beacon was still being1054maintained adequately, but it was requiring nearly allavailable power to position the ship.Hole 328BHole 328B was spudded in order to get better recovery in the interval missed by poor core recovery in Hole328A and to penetrate sediments not reached in Hole328. This hole was washed in to 5110 meters and thencored continuously to 5167.5 meters. The center bit wasthen dropped and pumped to its seat in the core barreland then the hole was drilled to 5538 meters throughthe interval previously penetrated by Hole 328. One additional core was cut from 5538-5547.5 meters, howeverwhile drilling at 5574 meters, operations were suspended due to an iceberg heading toward the Challenger.The bit was pulled to within a safe distance of themudline (147 m below the ocean floor) to wait out themovement of the iceberg. The hole was subsequentlylost and abandoned at the depth of 5574 meters with amaximum penetration of 471 meters. The sedimentsreached were brown zeolitic clays of Late Cretaceousage.Site 329—Falkland PlateauThis site was selected to penetrate younger sedimentsin the Falkland Plateau area that had been missing inthe previously drilled Hole 327A. The site was spuddedin a water depth of 1531.5 meters and routinely coredand drilled to the objective subbottom depth of 464.5meters. Upon reaching limestone sediments of latePaleocene age that overlapped sediments occurring in327A, the site was abandoned.Site 330—Falkland PlateauThe site was selected to complete the story on theFalkland Plateau, that is, to penetrate sediments olderthan those reached in Hole 327A and to date basement.The water depth at Site 330 was 2636 meters by PDR.Since the top sediments had been penetrated in Hole327A, the bottom-hole assembly was quickly "drilledin" to a penetration of 129 meters, then the hole wascored and drilled intermittently to basement. A totalpenetration of 575.5 meters was reached with 19 metersof basement being cored. Basement in this case wasgranite. The oldest sediments were sandstone, siltstone,and lignite of middle-late Jurassic age. All scientificobjectives were reached at Site 330.Hole 330AWith some time remaining for the site, the scientistswanted to take another look at the 129 meters of topsediments drilled in Hole 330. The first core attemptrecovered only 4.0 meters of usable core with a piece orbasement rock noted to be in this recovery. The secondcore attempt failed to recover any usable core. A bridgein either the core barrel or bit was suspected. The centerbit was dropped in an effort to clear the core barrelwithout success. Three additional attempts to core weremade to a total penetration of 53 meters with no usablerecovery. The hole was abandoned and the bit pulled.The bridge of basement rock was found above theBaker float valve. The bridge consisted of three piecesof core, the largest being 6" long.
OPERATIONS RESUMESite 331—Argentine BasinThis site was spudded in a water depth of 5073.5meters of DPM. The first core taken has a 100%recovery of 8.5 meters of gray ooze. The second corefailed to recover any usable core. The heave compensator had been picked up at this site and after the second core, was placed in operation. The heave compensator made approximately 8-12 strokes with a hookload of nearly 400,000 lb when the main piston shaftseal started leaking hydraulic fluid badly. The compensator was set back at this point as winds and seas increased. No scientific information of any consequencewas gained from the site. The age of the sedimentrecovered was Quaternary. The Challenger subsequently experienced a severe storm of hurricane force andwas blown off the site beacon by approximately 5-6 mi.A second beacon was dropped but continued badweather forced a decision to be made to move north inhope of better weather. Due to a subsequent failure ofthe ship's dynamic positioning system, Site 331 was thelast site spudded for Leg 36.SHIP'S DYNAMIC POSITIONING SYSTEMPerformance of the dynamic positioning system during Leg 36 was inconsistent. On some sites the elementssimply overran the capabilities of the system, but onothers, the system failed to perform satisfactorily ingenerally good weather. The elements certainly had adetrimental effect on operations during the leg, but thething that was to abruptly terminate operations on Leg36 was the ship's dynamic positioning system. Whilepositioning over the beacon on the final site for Leg 36on the Rio Grande Rise, the power supply unit furnishing power to the vertical reference gyro failed, andsubsequent efforts to make repairs failed andoperations on Leg 36 were terminated. All that was leftwas the cruise into Rio de Janeiro. Hopefully, all of thepositioning problems can be corrected during port callin Rio. Listed below are comments on the dynamicpositioning concerning positioning performance ateach site:Site 326Positioning was somewhat poor on the site due tomarginal weather conditions. A strong current estimated at 3-4 knots apparently was affecting positioningquite a bit, in fact, apparently much more than was firstrealized. The scope on the bridge positioning equipment was found to also be a factor in positioning. Theship's position would not repeat when switching fromone scale to another. This problem was corrected bychanging out the scope. The drill string parted approximately 1 hr after the scope was changed out whileattempting to reposition over the beacon.Site 327Initially, the computer seemed to be slow in buildingup a memory to the existing environmental conditionsat the time the ship was positioned over the beacon. Inmost instances, the computer would overreact to asignal, that is, it would overthrust the position. Part ofthe positioning problem was due to intermittent loss ofacoustics caused by the unfavorable sea conditions andheavy roll and current sweeping thruster wash underthe hydrophones. The hydrophones had been loweredto their lowermost position upon arrival, and improvements were not possible. In addition, the ship experienced an erratic behavior of the main shaft. Thisproblem was resolved finally by changing a DX-15 cardin the D-A converter for starboard shaft and reducingmaximum thrust gain setting to 85%. The acousticsproblem improved as sea conditions improved byswitching from hydrophones 1, 2, and 3 to hydrophones 1, 3, and 4 (No. 2 seemed more susceptible tonoise). After these problems were resolved with the improved sea conditions, positioning was excellent inAutomatic Mode for the remainder of site time, approximately 3'/2 days. It seems, however, that the ship'spositioning capabilities can be overcome quite readilyby adverse sea conditions particularly where thereseems to be an appreciable current present.Site 328Upon dropping the beacon on site at 0400 hr, 24April 1974, the ship came back to the beacon andpositioned over same and went into Automatic Modeof positioning at 0500 hr. After 6 hr (at 1100 hr), theship started experiencing positioning problems due toerratic behavior of the mainshafts at high rpm's. Thecomputer would call for slow rpm's ahead and theshafts would go full ahead at 200 rρm's. These excessively high rpm's would cause the ship to overshoot thebeacon. The shafts were then called on to go asternhard. Thirty hours of trouble shooting were required toovercome these problems. During this time, some rigtime was lost, however, the hole was spudded whilepositioning in Semi-Automatic Mode. During the trouble shooting, the K4 and K5 relays in the propulsionconsole were changed. Reference and feedback controlvoltages to the generators were set in the engine roomand y-gains and maximum thrust were adjusted at thecomputer. The positioning was returned to AutomaticMode at 1700 hr, 25 April 1974. At 0830 hr, 26 April1974, weather conditions required more power to themain shafts to maintain station, requiring 160 rpm's onboth shafts. The excessive power demand by thepositioning left insufficient power for drilling safely at adepth of 5500 meters. Drilling operations weresuspended due to inadequate power to the rig floor.The ship was still being positioned in Automatic Mode,and the ship continued to position in Automatic until2100 hr on 29 April 1974. At this time, acousticsbecame intermittent due to disintegration of the beaconsignal and adverse weather conditions. The ship was, atthis time, returned to Manual Mode and a secondbeacon was dropped at 0055 hr, 30 April. The computerprogram was reloaded to wipe out the computersmemory and freshly restore anew all of the computersinstructions. Indications were that the main shafts werebeing overdriven. Positioning was somewhat improved,but wash from the thrusters still caused intermittentacoustic losses during high winds and seas whenthrusting neared the limits of thrusters. Position wasmaintained in Automatic Mode until departing the site.1055
O. M. MOOREThere seems to be yet another problem, that of thebeacon's image on the bridges positioning scope moving around the scope erratically at times. This movement occurs for no apparent reason indicating ship'smovement at a speed that is just not possible. Apparently the image does return to its correct position,for in all cases, no ill effects were noted in our drillingoperation, such as excess torque, drag, etc.Site 329The ship's dynamic positioning system functionedbetter at Site 329 than on any other site thus far on Leg36. Weather conditions were generally excellent duringsite time. The ship was placed in Automatic Mode ofoperation on arrival over the beacon and remained inAutomatic Mode throughout site time. A fewmovements of the beacon image with relation to thescope screen occurred at times up to 120 feet excursionsbut this was, again, believed to be erratic movementand not necessarily true movement of the ship.Site 330The ship's dynamic positioning system functionedwell at Site 330. Weather conditions were generallygood, however, the weather was rapidly deterioratingas Site 330 was completed. The barometer had beensteadily falling.Site 331The ship's positioning system continued to performerratically. Initially, at Site 331, the ship would notposition in Automatic Mode. The thrusters, as well asthe main shafts, would overreact to a signal. That is, thecomputer would call for too many rpm's and run pastthe position calling for main shafts to go astern at 200rpm's. The beacon signal continued to move tooabruptly at times on the positioning scope, taking apparent excursions of 120 ft or more. The ship was finally placed in Automatic Mode successfully by going toManual Mode and bringing the ship over the beaconand then going to Automatic Mode rather than goingto Semi-Automatic and then to Automatic Mode as isthe normal sequence of operations.At Site 331, the elements completely overcame thepositioning capabilities of the ship as the ship wasblown off location some 5 or 6 mi during the severestorm experienced while on site. Winds of 90 mph withswells estimated at 50 ft were recorded in the bridge'slog during the storm.Proposed Site 36-11AThe final site for Leg 36 was to be Site 332 on the RioGrande Rise. The drill ship arrived at the site anddropped the beacon at 0200 hr, 20 April 1974. Whilepositioning over the beacon at approximately 0315 hr,the gyro indicator light on the bridge's positioning panel went to red, indicating the loss of the gyro. Upon investigating, the gyro's power supply unit was found tobe out of order. Efforts to correct the problem were unsuccessful, thereby bringing an abrupt halt to operations so far as Leg 36 was concerned. The proposed sitewas not given a site number. The rig time involved willbe shown in leg statistics as other time.1056LOST TIME—THE ELEMENTSThe elements were involved in cruising time and/orsite time on all sites investigated during L
OPERATIONS RESUME through the night in this hazardous environment. Hun-dreds of icebergs continued to be sited along our course to Proposed Site 36-9C, which would now be drill Site 328. The Challenger arrived at Site 328, Malvinas Outer Basin, at 0400 hr on 24 April 1974 and still in iceb
35. petrography and mineralogy of volcanogenic sediments from dsdp leg 48, southwest rock all plateau, sites 403 and 404 r.k. harrison, r.w. o'b knox, and a.c. morton
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