3 Natural Science - Back-edupack.santillana.es

3Natural ScienceNatural Science 3 Learning Lab is a collective work,conceived, designed and created by the PrimaryEducation department at Santillana, under thesupervision of Teresa Grence.WRITERSLynne DurrantScot EspositoBelén GarridoAlan MartinSCIENCE CONSULTANTCristina QuincyILLUSTRATIONSJordi BaezaJavier HernándezEDITORBeatriz García HipólitoDIGITAL EDITORMarcos BlancoMANAGING EDITORSheila TourleBILINGUAL PROJECT COORDINATIONMargarita EspañaDo not write in this book.Do all the activities in your notebook.

ContentsBe a scientist!. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61 The human body. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82 Food and health. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22Learning Lab game. . . . . . . . . 363 Animals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 384 Plants. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52Learning Lab game. . . . . . . . . . . 665 Matter. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 686 Energy and machines. . . . . . 82Learning Lab game. . . . . . . . . . 96Key vocabulary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98

UNITCONTENTS1 What is inside our body? How do we see things?The human body What is nutrition? How do we hear things? What is reproduction? How do we feel things? What is sensitivity? How do we smell and taste things? How do we control movement?2 We eat many different foods! What is a healthy diet?Food and health What are nutrients? What is the digestive system? The food wheelREVIEWLearning Lab game3 Where do animals live? Where do animals live?Animals How do animals stay alive? What are vertebrate animals like? What is sensitivity in animals? How are vertebrates different? How do animals reproduce? What are invertebrate animals like?4 What do plants need? The life cycle of a flowering plantPlants What do the parts of plants do? Do all plants produce seeds? What are seed-producing plants? How do we study plants? How do flowering plants reproduce?REVIEWLearning Lab game5 Solid, liquid or gas? What are the states of water?Matter What is matter? What are changes of state? What are the properties of matter? Pure substances What are the states of matter? Mixtures6 What makes machines work?Energy and machines How do we use informationtechnology? How does electricity reach ourhomes? What are different forms of energy? How does energy change?REVIEW4fourLearning Lab game What are conductors and insulators? What are thermal conductors andinsulators?

RAPMINI LABFINAL TASKInside my body!Can you identify which directionsounds come from?Values educationTake care of our sensesIs your skin equally sensitive in all partsof your body?TaskExplore the sensesFind out about fibreValues educationHow to keep teeth healthyThank you, nutrients!Which foods contain fats?How long is the digestive system?Animals, what do you eat?Draw a habitat for a rainforest animalTaskBe a dentist for a dayValues educationRespect animalsTaskMake an animal wheelWhat am I?Do plants need water?Do mosses need a lot of water?Do plants react to light?The water rap!Is air matter?Values educationRespect natureTaskMake a field journalValues educationThe importance of waterTaskExperiment with mixturesEnergy everywhere!How do we look for informationon the internet?Values educationElectricity can be dangerousHow does heat flow through differentmaterials?TaskMake a poster about electrical safetyfive5

Be a scientist!Scientists study the world around us. They ask many questions.They use different skills to find answers to their questions.Observe1Can you answer these questions? Tell your partner.What animal can you see?Where does this animal live?What does it eat?6ClassifysixAre the foods from animals or plants?Which foods give us energy?Which foods help us to grow?

InvestigateCompareHow many red ladybirds are there?Do plants grow towards the light?What experiment can you doto show this?Do all ladybirds have thesame number of spots?Predict2What will happen to the snowmannext week if a. the weather stays very cold?b. the weather gets warm?3Can you think of new questionsfor all the photos?seven7

1The human bodyWhat do you know about the body?ABEnergy from food helps us to grow andto be active.CObserve1What activities can you seein the photos? Do we needenergy for all of them?Tell your partner.The girl in photo A is swimming.You already know! Muscles and bones worktogether to move our bodies.I think she needs a lot of energy. Our senses provide informationabout our environment. Each sense is connected todifferent organs in our body.8eight

What is inside our body?Our body has many organs inside to help it to work.Bones and muscles are organs. The brain, the heart,and the lungs are also organs.CADBEThink about it2Listen and say where the organs are.Are they inside the head or the chest?Or, are they all over the body?Final taskExplore thesenses.nine9

What is nutrition?The process of obtaining energy from food is called nutrition.There are four body systems involved in nutrition.We digest food andabsorb nutrients throughour digestive system.Our blood carries nutrients andoxygen around our bodythrough the circulatory system.heartstomachWe breathe air in and out through ourrespiratory system. We need oxygenfrom air to obtain energy from food.We expel waste from our bodythrough our excretory system.kidneyslungs1Let’s rap! Inside my body!Think about it2 Which systems work in each situation? Copy and write.a. When you go to the toilet.Excretory system.c. When you eat an apple.3Is eating food the same as carrying out nutrition?10 tenb. When you run a fast race.d. When you breathe in and out.

1What is reproduction?Reproduction is the ability to have offspring similar to ourselves. Men and women have different reproductive organs. People can reproduce when they are adults. C hildren often look like their parents. They sharephysical characteristics.penistesticles4ovariesvaginaRead and copy the correct words to make sentences.a. People are oviparous / viviparous.b. Our body is ready to reproduce when we area child / an adult.c. The reproductive organs are the same / differentin men and women.d. Men / Women carry babies in their womb.Compare5Bring in photos of different families. Talk abouttheir physical characteristics.They havesimilar eyes.They havedifferent noses.eleven11

What is sensitivity?Sensitivity is the ability to detect and respond to informationabout the environment. We detect this information withour senses.ABWe receive information fromthe environment.CWe think of a response.1Look at the pictures and listen.2Answer the questions in your notebook.a. What is the information the girl detects?We carry out the response.It starts to rain.b. Which senses help the girl to detect this information?c. How does she respond to the information?Think about it3Think of an everyday situation, then draw three picturesin your notebook.Picture 1You detect information about the environment.Picture 2What do your senses detect?Picture 3How do you respond? Role-play your situation in front of the class.12twelve

1How do we control movement?Two systems work together to move our body: The nervous system: our brain and nerves work together.Nerves are connected to all parts of our body. They sendand receive messages to and from the brain.The brain interprets the messages and thinks of a response. The locomotor system: all our bones and muscles work together.They carry out the response to move our body.brainbonesmusclesnervesThe nervous system is madeup of the brain and the nerves.4The locomotor system is madeup of our bones and muscles. How many bones and muscles do you know? Tell your partner.5Listen and say nervous system or locomotor system.6Write the sentences in order in your notebook.a. Your brain sends the message through your nerves.b. Your bones and muscles work together to bend your arm.c. Your bones and muscles receive the message.d. Your nerves are connected to your bones and muscles.e. You want to bend your arm.1thirteen 13

How do we see things?Our eyes are our organs of sight. We use them to identify colour, size,shape and distance.The optic nervetakes the image tothe brain.The iris is thecoloured partof the eye.The pupil is a holein the centre of theiris. It allows light toenter the eye.The lens helps theeye to focus.The retina capturesthe light and createsan image.1 Look at the diagram. Which part of the eye gives us our eye colour?2 How do we see things? Write complete sentences in your notebook.a. Light enters the eye through the b. The focuses the light.c. The produces an image.d. The sends the image to the brain.Think about it3Why do we have two eyes? Investigate. Close one eye at a time. Hold a finger about 20 cm away from your eyes. Then, look at your finger with both eyes open. Can you draw what you see each time? Write a conclusion: We see things better with one eye / two eyes.14 fourteen

1How do we hear things?Our ears are our organs of hearing. We use them to identify different sounds.The small bones movewhen the eardrum vibrates.The pinna capturesthe sound.The auditory nervesends information tothe brain.The sound travelsthrough the ear canal.The cochlea capturesthe sound vibrations.The sound reachesthe eardrum andmakes it vibrate.4What path does sound take? Copy the flow diagram and write the parts of the ear. ear canal cochlea Mini LabCan you identify which direction sounds come from?Do your experimentWrite your conclusion1 Close your eyes. We can / cannot identify whichdirection sounds come from.2 Your partner claps their hands infront, above and behind you.3 Say which direction the soundcomes from.fifteen 15

How do we feel things?Our body is covered with skin. Our skinis our organ of touch. It is the largest organin our body.hairsporesThe skin has many touch receptors.We can feel temperature, texturesand pain with our skin.touchreceptorsnervesMini LabIs your skin equally sensitivein all parts of your body?You need some ice cubes a blindfoldDo your experiment1 Put on the blindfold. Your partnertouches different parts of your bodywith the ice cube.Write your conclusions2 Copy the table and record your results. The skin in the more sensitive partsof our body has more / fewer touchreceptors.3 Compare your results with yourpartner.body partvery sensitivearmpalm of handback of neckbottom of feetlips16 sixteen The skin in different parts of ourbody is / is not equally sensitive.less sensitive

1How do we smell and taste things?Our nose is our organ of smell.We use it to identify smells.We detect different smells throughsmell receptors. These sendmessages to the brain via theolfactory ilstastebudstongue1The tongue is our organ of taste.We use our taste buds to identify differentflavours: sweet, salty, sour and bitter.Answer the questions. Then, listen and check your answers.a. Where do smells enter the body?Through the nostrils.b. What part of the nose helps us detect the different smells?c. How does the information reach the brain?Compare2Collect these foods. What flavour are they?Taste them, then tell your partner. lemons ham vinegar ice cream dark chocolate cheeseWhat flavour is ice cream?It's sweet.seventeen 17

Check your progressVocabulary1Listen and say nutrition, reproduction or sensitivity.2In your notebook, write the sense organ andthe sense. retinathe eye, sight touch receptors taste buds nostrils eardrum pinna pupil olfactory nerveConcepts3Copy and complete the sentences.All our bones and muscles together form the Our brain and nerves are part of our Nerves are connected to all Nerves send and receive messages to 4ACopy and label the diagramof the eye. Then, draw thepupil.CBD18 eighteen